North Korean constitution now requires nuclear missile strike if Kim Jong Un is killed by foreign power

By Emily Crane

Published May 10, 2026, 9:20 a.m. ET

North Korea’s constitution now calls for an immediate retaliatory nuclear missile strike if leader Kim Jong Un is killed by a foreign power.

The change, believed to have been adopted earlier this year, was made soon after Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was wiped out in the US-Israeli strikes, the Telegraph reported.

“If the command-and-control system over the state’s nuclear forces is placed in danger by hostile forces’ attacks … a nuclear strike shall be launched automatically and immediately,” the revised Article 3 of North Korea’s nuclear-policy law now reads.

The revision, likely agreed on by the Supreme People’s Assembly, was only made public at a South Korean government intelligence briefing last week.

While the North Korean dictator already has control of the country’s nuclear forces, the update to the constitution makes clear what should occur if he is assassinated.

“This may have been policy before, but it has added emphasis now it has been enshrined in the constitution,” said Andrei Lankov, a professor of international relations at Kookmin University in Seoul, South Korea.

“Iran was the wake-up call,” Lankov said. “North Korea saw the remarkable efficiency of the US-Israeli decapitation attacks, which immediately eliminated the greater part of the Iranian leadership, and they must now be terrified.”

As part of the constitution revisions, Pyongyang also made tweaks to define its territory as bordering South Korea and tp remove references to reunification.

The change to Article 2 marks the first time North Korea has added a territorial clause to its constitution.

The new Article 2 now says North Korea’s territory includes land “bordering the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation to the north and the Republic of Korea to the south,” as well as territorial waters and airspace based on that land.

The clause adds that North Korea “will never tolerate any infringement” of its territory.

https://nypost.com/2026/05/10/world-news/north-korean-constitution-now-requires-nuclear-missile-strike-if-kim-jong-un-is-killed-or-loses-power/

The Liebefeld-Steinhölzli public school in Köniz, Switzerland, reportedly attended by Kim Jong Un

All of Kim Jong Il's children are said to have lived in Switzerland, as well as the mother of the two youngest sons, who lived in Geneva for some time.[12] First reports said that Kim Jong Un attended the private International School of Berne in Gümligen in Switzerland under the name "Chol-pak" or "Pak-chol" from 1993 to 1998.[13][14]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un

Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex[fn 2] (Henry Charles Albert David; born 15 September 1984) is a member of the British royal family. He is the younger son of King Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is fifth in the line of succession to the British throne.

Harry was educated at Wetherby School, Ludgrove School, and Eton College, before completing officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet in the Blues and Royals and served briefly alongside his elder brother, William, Prince of Wales. He was deployed twice on active service in Afghanistan: for ten weeks in Helmand Province during 2007–2008, and for twenty weeks with the Army Air Corps in 2012–2013. Inspired by the Warrior Games in the United States, Harry founded the Invictus Games in 2014 and remains actively involved as its patron. In 2016, together with his brother William and sister-in-law Catherine, Princess of Wales, he co-founded the mental health awareness initiative Heads Together.

In 2018, Harry was created Duke of Sussex ahead of his wedding to American actress Meghan Markle. The couple have two children, Archie and Lilibet. In January 2020, Harry and Meghan stepped back from their roles as working members of the royal family and relocated to Southern California. They subsequently established Archewell Inc., a Beverly Hills–based organisation encompassing both commercial and charitable ventures. In March 2021, Harry and Meghan gave a widely publicised interview to Oprah Winfrey on Oprah with Meghan and Harry. In December 2022, they appeared in the Netflix documentary series Harry & Meghan. In 2023, Harry published his memoir, Spare.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex

Lieutenant Harry S.L. Kim was a Human Starfleet officer who served as the operations officer aboard the starship USS Voyager during the seven years it was lost in the Delta Quadrant and, in the 2380s, he served as a tactical officer aboard the USS Dauntless.

https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Harry_Kim

President Donald Trump formally announced Operation Warp Speed on May 15, 2020, in the White House Rose Garden.

On May 15, 2020, President Donald Trump officially announced the public-private partnership.[4][1][9] The purpose of Operation Warp Speed was to coordinate Health and Human Services-wide efforts, including the NIH ACTIV partnership for vaccine and therapeutic development, the NIH RADx initiative for diagnostic development, and work by BARDA.[1]

Operation Warp Speed was formed to encourage private and public partnerships to enable faster approval and production of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic.[2] The name was inspired by terminology for faster-than-light travel used in the Star Trek fictional universe, evoking a sense of rapid progress.[10][11]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed

In 1775 the Swiss lodges transferred their allegiance from English Masonry to the German Strict Observance. Under Napoleon the French Grand Orient invaded Switzerland, and a certain number of existing lodges came under its obedience. Geneva was ceded to France during the wars of Napoleon, and Swiss Masonry then became an appendage of the French Grand Orient. In 1818, as demanded by London, English Masonic obedience began to replace the Grand Orients, except in Geneva where the aristocracy permitted one Grand Orient Lodge to function.69

Scarlet and the Beast

by John Daniel

https://ia803001.us.archive.org/28/items/ScarletAndTheBeastJohnDaniel1995/Scarlet%20and%20the%20Beast,%20John%20Daniel%20(1995).pdf

From the founding of the US to the Boer wars in South Africa and from the 20th Century’s two world wars to the Swiss Guard that protects the Pope, the Swiss Octagon Templars have capitalised on the guise of neutrality to set the stage for a New World Order takeover in which we are all sacrificial pawns in their pursuit of absolute power.

Neutral? Don’t you believe it, their militia system is formidable but the state cannot be seen to get involved in external conflict. However, as well-trained fighters, there is still a place for Swiss mercenaries in the world of private security and as agents of the Federal Intelligence Service and Military Intelligence Service of the Swiss Octagon Templars!

Wonder what happened to all the Nazi loot from World War II? Access to some of Switzerland’s secret vaults could provide answers and offer some indication as to how Adolph Hitler rose to power in Germany and how Swiss neutrality served the Third Reich and paved the way for the Fourth Reich to up sticks to the United States to continue the New World Order’s march to world domination.

Cult of Isis and the march of the Swiss Octogon Templars

From Solomon's Temple to infinity and beyond

Steve Harrison

https://vocal.media/fyi/cult-of-isis-and-the-march-of-the-swiss-octogon-templars

The Pontifical Swiss Guard,[note 1] also known as the Papal Swiss Guard or simply Swiss Guard,[3] is an armed forces, guard of honour, and protective security unit, maintained by the Holy See to protect the Pope and the Apostolic Palace within the territory of the Vatican City State. Established in 1506 under Pope Julius II, it is among the oldest military units in continuous operation[4] and is sometimes called "the world's smallest army".[3]

The Swiss Guard is recognised by its Renaissance-era dress uniform, consisting of a tunic striped in red, dark blue, and yellow; high plumed helmet; and traditional weapons such as the halberd. Guardsmen perform their protective duties in functional attire and with modern firearms. Since the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II in 1981, the Guard has placed greater emphasis on its nonceremonial roles and has sought more training in anti-irregular military counterintelligence, commando-style raids, counter-sniper tactics, counterterrorism, close-quarters battle, defusing and disposal of bombs, executive protection, hostage rescue, human intelligence, medical evacuation, reconnaissance, tactical driving, tactical medical services, and tactical fast shooting by small arms.

The Swiss Guard is considered an elite military unit. It is highly selective in its recruitment: candidates must be unmarried Swiss Catholic males between 19 and 30 years of age and at least 174 cm (5 ft 8.5 in) tall, who have completed basic training with the Swiss Armed Forces and hold a professional diploma or high school degree.[5][6] As of 2024, there were 135 members.[7]

The Swiss Guard's security mission extends to the Pope's apostolic travels, the pontifical palace of Castel Gandolfo, and the College of Cardinals when the papal throne is vacant. Though the Guard serve as watchmen of Vatican City, the overall security and law enforcement of the city-state is conducted by the Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City, which is a separate body.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Guard

A plan was hatched by a joint collaboration of the Pope and the Jesuits to blow up the House of Lords during the state opening of Parliament on 5th November 1605.

https://www.secretsunlocked.org/bible/bible-history/guy-fawkes-day-the-jesuit-treason-and-the-gunpowder-plot/

AI Overview

Joseph Stalin

On Seminary Education: "I was educated in a religious seminary, where I learned the methods of the Jesuits," (often cited in anti-communist literature describing his early life, though technically referring to Orthodox training in Tiflis).

One of the most damaging episodes described by Knight was that of a KGB agent turning master spies Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, and Guy Burgess into double agents for Russia. Knight suggests this transformation was accomplished through Freemasonry. The intelligence world was shocked when these three men defected to Russia in 1952 and 1962. It was discovered 30 years too late that Philby, while head of a division in MIS (initials for Mission Impossible, division No. 5), was also a high-ranking KGB agent. The irony in this story is that Philby remained on the British intelligence payroll after defection.41 He died in Moscow, November 5, 1988- taking to the grave his reason for defecting.42

Scarlet and the Beast

by John Daniel

https://ia803001.us.archive.org/28/items/ScarletAndTheBeastJohnDaniel1995/Scarlet%20and%20the%20Beast,%20John%20Daniel%20(1995).pdf

SpaceX to use LG Energy batteries for Starship rocket

The supply deal raises expectations of LG being chosen as a battery supplier for Tesla's humanoid robots

By Sang-hoon Sung and Hyung-Kyu Kim

November 11, 2024

Spacecraft manufacturer SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, will use LG Energy Solution Ltd.'s batteries for its next-generation Starship rocket, marking its first long-term battery purchase from a third-party company, according to industry sources on Sunday.

The US company recently inked a contract with LG Energy for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries tailored to the Starship flight, expected to launch as early as 2025, the sources told The Korea Economic Daily.

The batteries are said to be used for primary and backup power supply, as well as energy storage systems.

The size and value of the supply have not been disclosed.

Previously, LG Energy had supplied batteries for SpaceX’s spacecraft in one-time deals.

SpaceX has relied mainly on self-made batteries for its flight vehicles. But as the frequency of its rocket launches increases, it has decided to turn to third-party manufacturers of high-safety batteries with a longer lifespan.

Starship is designed to be reusable much like an airplane, which can be refueled and take off again after each landing. In its first test flight in 2023, it proved to be the most massive and powerful vehicle ever to fly.

The supply contract with SpaceX will diversify LG Energy’s business beyond electric vehicle batteries and expand its partnership with companies led by Elon Musk. It supplies batteries to Tesla Inc., the world’s largest EV maker.

The South Korean company has identified the space business as a new growth engine and is developing batteries and energy storage systems suitable for spaceships and spacesuits.

In 2023, it supplied spacesuit batteries to the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In 2025, it will ship batteries for NASA’s lunar electric rover, a battery-powered rover used on the moon.

Industry officials said the supply deals with SpaceX and Tesla would raise the chances of LG Energy being chosen as a battery supplier for Tesla’s humanoid robots, which are capable of performing unsafe and repetitive tasks.

When aked about the possibility of its batteries being used for humanoid robots, LG Energy said: “We can’t confirm contracts with our customers.”

Write to Sang-hoon Sung and Hyung-Kyu Kim at uphoon@hankyung.com

https://www.kedglobal.com/batteries/newsView/ked202411110004

North Korea is receiving SpaceX technology and is why I, Billy Dunn or William Francis Dunn IV, was suspended from X.com on Friday April 10 2026

South Korea Investment Still Just a Dream

Published: 05 Jan. 2003, 18:20

A year has passed since President Kim Dae-jung and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il held the first-ever summit meeting between North and South Korea.

South Korean corporations wholeheartedly welcomed the historic talks, thinking it could give them the inside track to the North's human and natural resources, as well as its market.

At the end of last year, the two Koreas reached a series of agreements on double tax prevention, investment guarantees, dispute resolution mechanisms and payment clearance. The agreements are awaiting ratification by the National Assembly.

But economic cooperation between the two Koreas has brought no more than a trickle of investment in the North. Not a single direct investment has been made between the two countries since the summit. In fact, most South Korean companies are cautious about getting too deeply involved with Pyongyang.

"We are not expanding our business projects in North Korea because inter-Korean relations are unstable and North Korea's intentions are unclear," said an official of LG Electronics Inc., which is leading the LG Group's North Korean project.

According to the Ministry of Unification, 152 South Korean companies are operating original equipment manufacturers in the North. Some small and medium-sized South Korean companies are expanding their role there, and corporations that received direct investment permits before the summit have completed their manufacturing plants there.

The Unification Church completed an auto repair factory near Pyongyang last September, and Taechang has opened a mineral water factory near Mount Kumgang.

And some other companies, while still not willing to invest directly in the North, are continuing to expand their interests there.

Sungnam Electronics Co. completed a light-bulb factory in Pyongyang last month. The company, which has been importing 1.5 million audio tapes every month from its Pyongyang plant, is also negotiating with North Korean authorities to start selling its tapes in the North.

Korea Core Co. set up a plant in North Korea last October that makes key parts for electricity converters. Elcanto, which produces some 10,000 shoes in North Korea every month, is also considering making handbags, purses and belts there, company officials said.

Cooperation in the information technology, or IT, field is also picking up.

Song Hye-ja, president of Wooam.com, a communication solutions provider, visited Pyongyang in March and discussed cooperation with the Choson Computer Center. The company set up a teleconferencing facility in Pyongyang in April. The South Korean government recently designated two companies, Hanabiz.com and Ntrak, as North-South IT cooperation companies.

by Ko Yun-hee

https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2003/01/05/socialAffairs/South-Korea-Investment-Still-Just-a-Dream-/1890951.html

Elon has a younger brother, Kimbal, a younger sister, Tosca, and four paternal half-siblings.[16][17][7][18] Musk was baptized as a child in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa.[19][20]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk

Dame Sarah Elisabeth Mullally (née Bowser; born 26 March 1962) is an Anglican bishop and England's former chief nursing officer who has served as the 106th archbishop of Canterbury since 28 January 2026. As archbishop, she is the senior bishop of the Church of England and the ceremonial head of the Anglican Communion. She is the first woman to hold the office. By virtue of her position, she is also a lord spiritual, one of the 26 Church of England bishops who sit in the House of Lords.

Born in Woking, Surrey, Mullally trained as a nurse and worked in a number of clinical and leadership roles in the National Health Service. She became chief nursing officer and director of patient experience for England in 1999, the youngest person to hold the posts, and was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2005 for services to nursing and midwifery. She left the NHS in 2004 to pursue full‑time ordained ministry.

Ordained priest in 2002, Mullally served in the Diocese of Southwark before becoming canon treasurer of Salisbury Cathedral in 2012. She was consecrated Bishop of Crediton in 2015 and translated to the Diocese of London in 2018, becoming the first woman to serve as Bishop of London. In 2026, she succeeded Justin Welby as Archbishop of Canterbury, becoming the first woman to lead the Church of England and the Anglican Communion.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Mullally

The 7 July 2005 London bombings, sometimes referred to informally as 7/7, were a series of four coordinated suicide attacks carried out by Islamist terrorists that targeted commuters travelling on London's public transport during the morning rush hour.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings

Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and 14 other Commonwealth realms.[b]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III

Princess Charlotte of Wales (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of William, Prince of Wales, and Catherine, Princess of Wales, and a granddaughter of King Charles III and Diana, Princess of Wales. She is third in the line of succession to the British throne.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(born_2015)

"Killer Queen" is a song by the British rock band Queen. It was written by lead singer Freddie Mercury and recorded for their third album Sheer Heart Attack in 1974.

The song is included in Queen's 1981 Greatest Hits compilation.[14] It is also recorded on the live albums Live Killers and Queen Rock Montreal.[15][16]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_Queen

666 1 Samuel 26:15-16. And David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord. This thing is not good that thou hast done. As the LORD liveth, ye are worthy to die, because ye have not kept your master, the LORD'S anointed. And now see where the king's spear is, and the cruse of water that was at his bolster.

THE

WESTMINSTER

LARGER

CATECHISM

https://www.freepresbyterian.org/uploads/Larger_Catechism.pdf

Can. 666 In the use of means of social communication, necessary discretion is to be observed and those things are to be avoided which are harmful to one’s vocation and dangerous to the chastity of a consecrated person."

TITLE II. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES (Cann. 607 - 709)

CODE OF CANON LAW

https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib2-cann607-709_en.html

Revelation 13:18

New International Version

18 This calls for wisdom. Let the person who has insight calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man.[a] That number is 666.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013%3A18&version=NIV

Vatican congratulates first female archbishop of Canterbury

by Cindy Wooden - Catholic News Service

October 3, 2025

VATICAN CITY (CNS) — The head of the Vatican’s ecumenical office congratulated Anglican Bishop Sarah Mullally of London on her appointment as the next archbishop of Canterbury.

https://www.americamagazine.org/news/2025/10/03/first-female-archbishop-canterbury-vatican/

All Saints' Church is an active English-speaking chaplaincy of the Church of England's Diocese in Europe - a part of the Anglican Communion - in Rome, Italy.[2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Rome

In Hebrew, the word saraph means "burning", and is used seven times throughout the text of the Hebrew Bible as a noun, usually to denote "serpent",[4] twice in the Book of Numbers, once in the Book of Deuteronomy, and four times in the Book of Isaiah.[5]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraph

Revelation 17:16-18

1599 Geneva Bible

16 And the ten [a]horns which thou sawest upon the beast, are they that shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate, and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.

17 [b]For God hath put in their hearts to fulfill his will, and to do with one consent for to give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God be fulfilled.

18 And that woman which thou sawest, is that [c]great city which reigned over the kings of the earth.

Read full chapter

Footnotes

Revelation 17:16 The ten Kings as verse 12. The accomplishment of this fact and event, is daily increased in this our age by the singular providence and most mighty government of God. Wherefore the facts are propounded in this verse, and the cause of them in the verses following.

Revelation 17:17 A reason rendered from the chief efficient cause, which is the providence of God, by which alone S. John by inversion of order affirmeth to have come to pass, both that the Kings should execute upon the harlot, that which pleased God, and which he declared in the verse next beforegoing: and also that by one consent and counsel, they should give their kingdom unto the beast, etc., verses 13, 14. For as these being blinded have before depended upon the beck of the beast that lifteth up the harlot, so it is said that afterward it shall come to pass, that they shall turn back, and shall fall away from her when their hearts shall be turned into better state by the grace and mercy of God.

Revelation 17:18 That is, Rome that great City, or only City (as Justinian calleth it) the King and head whereof was then the Emperor, but now the Pope, since that the condition of the beast was changed.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2017:16-18&version=GNV

Your X account has been suspended

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Hello Billy Dunn,

Your account, DunnBilly87734, was reported and has been suspended for violating the X Rules.

Specifically, for:

Violating our rules against inauthentic behaviors.

You may not use our services to engage in inauthentic activity that undermines the integrity of X.

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Elon Musk breaks silence on Twitter, posts a picture with the pope

By Reuters

July 2, 20226:13 AM PDT Updated July 2, 2022

July 2 (Reuters) - Elon Musk on Friday night broke his nine-day silence on Twitter, the social media platform he is trying to buy for $44 billion, posting a picture of him meeting Pope Francis on Thursday.

The world's richest person tweeted a picture where he can be seen standing next to the pope, captioning it: "Honored to meet @pontifex yesterday."

Musk's four teenage boys are also pictured, but not his 18-year-old transgender daughter who, on June 20 sought to change her name and sever ties with him. Musk has a total of eight children.

The purpose and location of Musk's meeting with the pope were not immediately clear.

Last month, Musk said there were "still a few unresolved matters" on the deal to buy Twitter, including the number of spam users on the system and the coming together of the debt portion of the deal. read more

Reporting by Rachna Dhanrajani in Bengaluru; Editing by Lincoln Feast.

https://www.reuters.com/technology/musk-breaks-silence-twitter-posts-picture-with-pope-2022-07-02/

Do black holes collapse?

These cosmic SINK-holes do gradually shrink, but it’s impossible to get any more compact than a black hole.

Dr Alastair Gunn

Asked by: Patricia Rodrigues, King’s Lynn

The Schwarzschild radius (event horizon) of a black hole is sometimes thought of as the black hole’s ‘size’. It is proportional to mass, which means that more massive black holes have bigger Schwarzschild radii. Left alone, black holes lose mass due to ‘Hawking radiation’, so that their event horizons are slowly shrinking. A typical black hole would take many billions of times the age of the Universe to completely ‘evaporate’ and disappear.

Do black holes collapse? - BBC Science Focus Magazine

Sink, Sank, Sunk: One Year in and Musk's Twitter Is Circling the Drain

October 27, 2023

Timothy Karr

It’s been one year since Elon #Musk took ownership of Twitter and proceeded to strip it of all its social value.

https://www.freepress.net/blog/sink-sank-sunk-one-year-and-musks-twitter-circling-drain

Pope Francis[b] (born Jorge Mario Bergoglio;[c] 17 December 1936 – 21 April 2025) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the #Vatican City State from 13 March 2013 until his death in 2025. He was the first #Jesuit pope, the first Latin American, and the first born or raised outside Europe since the 8th-century Syrian pope Gregory III.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Francis

Easter in 2030

Date: April 21, 2030

Day: Sunday

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations members in 2015, created 17 world Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They were created with the aim of "peace and prosperity for people and the planet..."[1][2][3] – while tackling climate change and working to preserve oceans and forests. The SDGs highlight the connections between the environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainable development. Sustainability is at the center of the SDGs.[4][5]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals

AI Overview

Biblical/Historical Context: Some interpretations divide human history into 2000-year periods (e.g., patriarchal, Mosaic, and Christian eras), often placing the start of the Christian era around 2000 years ago.

The return of Jesus Christ between the years of 2030-2031 will be at the Mount of Olives where Christ ascended to heaven in 30ad

AI Overview

Jesus Christ was elevated (ascended) to heaven from the Mount of Olives near Jerusalem. According to the New Testament, this event occurred 40 days after his resurrection, often specifically associated with the area near Bethany on the eastern slope of the mount.

The Roman historian Phlegon is mentioned by Origen who describes a darkening of the sun in the eighteenth year of Tiberius on Nisan 14-Passover which would be 30 AD. A few people have used this Roman history report stating the year of the Crucifixion is 33 AD.

https://thecreationclub.com/historical-basis-for-believing-jesus-was-crucified-in-ad-30/

RAPHAEL Gamaliel Warnock[1] (/ˈrɑːfiɛl ˈwɔːrnɒk/ RAH-fee-el WOR-nok; born July 23, 1969) is an American politician and Baptist pastor serving as the junior United States senator from Georgia, a seat he has held since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Warnock has been the senior pastor of Atlanta's Ebenezer Baptist Church since 2005.[2][3]

On Easter Sunday 2021, Warnock's Twitter account tweeted, "The meaning of Easter is more transcendent than the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Whether you are a Christian or not, through a commitment to helping others we are able to save ourselves." Some conservative Christians and political commentators criticized the tweet, including Benjamin Watson, Allie Beth Stuckey, and Jenna Ellis, who called it "heretical".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Warnock

Louis RAPHAEL I Sako (Arabic: لويس روفائيل ساكو;[1] born 4 July 1948) is a Chaldean #Catholic prelate who has served as Patriarch of Baghdad since 1 February 2013. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 28 June 2018.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Rapha%C3%ABl_I_Sako

"One Year Later" is a 2006 comic book storyline running through the books published by DC Comics. As the title suggests, it involves a narrative jump exactly one year into the future of the DC Universe following the events of the "Infinite Crisis" storyline, to explore major changes within the continuities of the many different comic books within the DC Comics range.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Year_Later_(comics)

Easter › Date (2031)

Sun, Apr 13, 2031

Court Reminder - April 13, 2026

Inbox

Info Brock Law

Fri, Apr 10, 9:43 AM (1 day ago)

to me

Mr. Dunn,

This email serves to inform you that you are scheduled to appear at the Third Judicial District Court on Monday, April 13, 2026, at 9:00 a.m.

Please let us know if you have any questions.

Kind Regards,

Brock Law, LTD.

phone: (775)993-9683

email: info@brocklawnevada.com

Mailing Address: P.O. Box 222

Winnemucca, Nevada 89446

NOTICE: This communication, including any attachments, may contain confidential information and is intended only for the individual or entity to whom it is addressed. Any review, dissemination, or copying of this communication by anyone other than the recipient is strictly prohibited by the electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. 2510-2521. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply email, delete and destroy all copies of the original message.

Nova music festival massacre

On 7 October 2023, the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Palestinian nationalist organization Hamas, initiated a sudden attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_music_festival_massacre

Revelation 16:8

1599 Geneva Bible

8 [a]And the fourth Angel poured out his vial on the sun, and it was given to him to torment men with heat of fire,

#SpaceX Roadster is not a natural celestial object, but rather a man-made object launched by SpaceX in February 2018 as part of the Falcon Heavy test flight. It is a red sports car owned by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, and was launched as a demonstration of the Falcon Heavy's capabilities.

https://theskylive.com/roadster-info

416 Finally, those means that are proposed by our holy father Saint Ignatius in Part X of the Constitutions for the preservation and development not only of the body or exterior of the Society but also of its spirit, and for the attainment of the objective it seeks, which is to aid souls to reach their ultimate and supernatural end, [10] are to be observed eagerly and diligently by all, with a truly personal sense of responsibility for its increase and development, for the praise and service of our God and Lord Jesus Christ, and the help of souls.[11]

L. D. S.

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES

SAINT LOUIS, 1996

https://web.archive.org/web/20200211182223/https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

A red giant is a luminous giant star of low or intermediate mass (roughly 0.3–8 solar masses (M☉)) in a late phase of stellar evolution. The outer atmosphere is inflated and tenuous, making the radius large and the surface temperature around 5,000 K [K] (4,700 °C; 8,500 °F) or lower.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant

Revelation 16:8

1599 Geneva Bible

8 [a]And the fourth Angel poured out his vial on the sun, and it was given to him to torment men with heat of fire,

https://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2016%3A8-10&version=GNV

In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how these strings propagate through space and interact with each other.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

A chain reaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take place. In a chain reaction, positive feedback leads to a self-amplifying chain of events.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_reaction

2 Peter

1599 Geneva Bible

10 [a]But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night, in the which the heavens shall pass away with a [b]noise, and the elements shall melt with heat, and the earth with the works that are therein shall be burnt up.

Read full chapter

Footnotes

2 Peter A very short description of the least distinction of the world, but in such sort as nothing could be spoken more gravely.

2 Peter With the violence as it were of a hissing storm.

https://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Peter%203%3A10&version=GNV

The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach absolute zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

Revelation 21:8

1599 Geneva Bible

8 But the fearful and unbelieving, and the abominable and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars shall have their [a]part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone, which is the second death.

https://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2021%3A8&version=GNV

https://www.youtube.com/post/UgkxOUc8uZS4RVqlduI19nxextCwBizc3S5s

Musk was the largest donor in the 2024 U.S. presidential election, where he supported Donald Trump. After Trump was inaugurated as president in early 2025, Musk served as Senior Advisor to the President and as the de facto head of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). After a public feud with Trump, Musk left the Trump administration and returned to managing his companies. Musk is a supporter of global far-right figures, causes, and political parties. His political activities, views, and statements have made him a polarizing figure. Musk has been criticized for COVID-19 misinformation, promoting conspiracy theories, and affirming antisemitic, racist, and transphobic comments. His acquisition of Twitter was controversial due to a subsequent increase in hate speech and the spread of misinformation on the service, following his pledge to decrease censorship. His role in the second Trump administration attracted public backlash, particularly in response to DOGE. The emails he sent to Jeffrey Epstein are included in the Epstein files, which were published between 2025–26 and became a topic of worldwide debate.

Early life

See also: Musk family

Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, South Africa's administrative capital.[1][2] He is of British and Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry.[3][4] His mother, Maye (née Haldeman), is a model and dietitian born in Saskatchewan, Canada, and raised in South Africa.[5][6][7] Musk therefore holds both South African and Canadian citizenship from birth.[8] His father, Errol Musk, is a South African electromechanical engineer, pilot, sailor, consultant, emerald dealer, and property developer, who partly owned a rental lodge at Timbavati Private Nature Reserve.[9][10][11][12]

His maternal grandfather, Joshua N. Haldeman, who died in a plane crash when Elon was a toddler, was an American-born Canadian chiropractor, aviator and political activist in the technocracy movement[13][14] who moved to South Africa in 1950.[15]

Elon has a younger brother, Kimbal, a younger sister, Tosca, and four paternal half-siblings.[16][17][7][18] Musk was baptized as a child in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa.[19][20] Despite both Elon and Errol previously stating that Errol was a part owner of a Zambian emerald mine,[12] in 2023, Errol recounted that the deal he made was to receive "a portion of the emeralds produced at three small mines".[21][22] Errol was elected to the Pretoria City Council as a representative of the anti-apartheid Progressive Party and has said that his children shared their father's dislike of apartheid.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk

VENICE AND GENOA COMBINE

For Venice, so far so good: Florence, Naples, and Milan had been ruined. But ironically, the same dumb Valois and Hapsburg giants which had taken out three dangerous rivals were now to turn like Frankenstein’s monsters on the wily new Romans. Venetian manipulations were about to boomerang in the form of an alliance of all of Europe against Venice. This was the famous crisis of the War of the League of Cambrai, which was assembled in 1508-1509. The opposing coalition was made up of the pope (by then the Genoese Giuliano della Rovere, as Julius II), the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, France, Spain, Savoy, Mantua, and Ferrara. The announced purpose of this alliance was to expunge Venice from the face of the earth. It nearly worked. At Agnadello, near the Adda River, the Venetian mercenary army was crushed by an army composed predominantly of Frenchmen. The Venetians were driven all the way down the Po Valley to Padua, and they soon lost that as well. Machiavelli exulted that on the day of Agnadello, the Venetians lost everything that they had conquered in more than 800 years. Machiavelli was himself engaged in operations against Venice, bringing a grant of Florentine cash to the aid of the Franco- Imperial forces holding Verona. With nothing left but the lagoons, the Venetian position was desperate. The DOGE sent a message to the pope asking for mercy, and announcing that Venice would vacate territory taken in the past from the Papal States. Inside Venice, Agnadello brought on an orgy of hysterical self-flagellation among the terrified patricians. The banker Girolamo Priuli wrote in his diary that Agnadello had been a punishment for the sins of the Venetian nobility, among which he numbered arrogance, violation of promises, lechery in nunneries, sodomy, effeminate dress, and luxurious and lascivious entertainments. Antonio Contarini, newly appointed patriarch of Venice, gave a speech to the Senate in which he characterized the Serenissima as a thoroughly amoral city. The defeat was a punishment for the city’s sins, he said. Nunneries were catering to the sexual needs of the rich and powerful. Homosexuality was so widespread that female prostitutes had complained to him that they had earned so little during their youth that they had to keep working far into their old age. But more significantly, the shock of Agnadello set into motion a strategic review in the Venetian intelligence community which led to very far-reaching conclusions, some of which were not obvious before several decades had gone by. The first Venetian ploy was to attempt to dismember the Cambrai coalition. They started with Pope Julius II. This pontiff was, as already noted, Genoese. Genoa and Venice had engaged in a series of highly destructive wars up till about the end of the fourteenth century, but after that, Genoa gravitated toward the status of junior partner and close associate of the Venetians. The Venetians had bested the Genoese by virtue of superior connections in the East, but otherwise their was a broad area of agreement. The symbol of Genoa was St. George the dragon-slayer, in reality no saint at all but a thinly disguised version of Perseus saving Andromeda by slaying the sea monster, a legend that is centered on the coast of Lebanon. The “George” is said to come from the Gorgon Medusa, whose head Perseus was carrying. Perseus is in turn nothing but a westernized variant of Marduk, the Syrian Apollo, a deity associated with the most evil forces of ancient Assyria and Babylon. The Venetians had their own Marduk cult, although subordinated to St. Mark, on the island of San Giorgio Maggiore, home of a Dominican monastery and today of the Cini Foundation, one of the highest level think tanks in the world. The modern British preference of Gorgons is too well known to need comment. What probably accounted more directly for Julius II’s decision to reverse his alliances was a deal mediated with the Venetians by Agostino Chigi, the Siena Black Guelph banker from whose financial empire the infamous Siena Group of today derives. He proposed that the Venetians stop buying alum, needed in textile and glass manufacture, from the Turks, but contract for a large shipment at higher prices from the alum mines at Tolfa in the Papal States – mines for which he, Chigi, was acting as agent. To sweeten the pot, Chigi offered the Venetians tens of thousands of ducats in much-needed loans.

The Venetians, fearing a rapid French offensive, accepted. Their own state finances were in total shambles. Only the Chigi loan allowed them to hire enough Swiss mercenaries to hold out against the French and the Imperial Landsknechte. To provide a plausible cover for his move, Julius II suddenly discovered that the real issue was not Venice after all, but the need to expel the barbarians (primarily the French) from Italy. Julius stipulated an alliance with Venice. He then set up the slogan of Fuori Barbari! (Kick the Barbarians out!) which is still recorded by credulous writers of Italian school books as the beginning of the struggle to unify Italy. Even the Venetian mercenaries, mostly Swiss, began using the battle cry of “Italy and Freedom!” Thus the post-Agnadello crisis was overcome. Some years later the Venetians tried the same tactic in reverse, this time with more lasting success. By 1525 the prevalent barbarians in Italy were the forces of Emperor Charles V, who had defeated the French at Pavia, capturing King Francis I. The French lost their hold on Naples and Milan. At this point DOGE Andrea Gritti, whose portrait by Tiziano speaks volumes about his personality, decided to agitate once again the banner of Italian freedom. This took the form of the Holy League of Cognac “for the restoration of Italian liberty,” uniting France, Venice, Milan, Florence, and the Papal States under Pope Clement VIII Medici. After having set up this alliance, designed to play the French against Charles V once again to destroy Medici-controlled Rome, the last intact Renaissance center, the Venetians retired into defensive positions to await the outcome. Venetian capacities to manipulate Charles V were formidable indeed. The emperor’s bankers and intelligencers were the Fuggers of Augsburg, a banking house and a city that must be regarded as Venetian satellites, within a context of very heavy Venetian control of the cities of the Danube valley. Virtually every young male member of the Fugger family, and of their colleagues the Welsers as well, was sent to Venice for a period of apprenticeship at the Fondaco dei Tedeschi. This was the case with Jacob Fugger the Rich. Venice was the pivot for Fugger metals trading, especially toward the East. Thus, the Venetians stayed in their phony war posture against Charles V, while the imperial army of Lutheran Lanzi under Georg Frundsberg devastated Italy. The sack of Rome in 1527 was the direct outcome of this combined Venetian diplomacy and manipulation. To make Charles V’s triumph complete, the Genoese Admiral Andrea Doria, commanding the French fleet, defected to the imperial side. A Doria coup in Genoa then established a permanent de facto alliance with Venice. In 1530, Charles V was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor and King of Italy in a ceremony at Bologna. Garrisons of imperial troops were shortly stationed in every major city. Thanks to the tenacious policy of the Venetians, the main centers of the Renaissance had been subverted or destroyed. Venice was the only major Italian state which had retained real sovereignty. With the end of the Renaissance, Venice could feel free to start a delphic Renaissance among the throngs of intellectuals seeking asylum in the lagoons.

THE CREATION OF THE JESUITS

The “long autumn of the Italian Renaissance in Venice” during the rest of the sixteenth century was only one deployment among several. Another was the promotion of the Protestant Reformation. The more immediate controllers of Martin Luther have yet to be identified, but this is something of a secondary matter. Luther’s agitation in Wittenberg was merely one more example of protests against the papacy and the Curia that had been chronic and endemic for decades. What gave Luther and the rest of the Protestant reformers real clout was a publicity and diffusion of their ideas that owed much to the Venetian publishing establishment. The Venetian presses quickly turned out 40,000 copies of the writings of Luther, Calvin, Melancthon, and the heresiarch Juan Valdes, especially popular in Italy. Pope Leo X publicly denounced the University of Padua as the hotbed of inspiration of the German disease of Lutheranism. Clearly, Venetian interest was well-served by a schismatic movement that would embroil Germany, France, and the rest of Europe in a series of easily profiled conflicts. In addition, a conflict between reformers and counter- reformers, all owing allegiance to Aristotle, would severely undercut the influence of Erasmus and others like him. Venetian influence on both Reformation and Counter- Reformation can be seen most clearly in the remarkable career of Gasparo Contarini, who did not let the fact that he was a Protestant in theology, well before Luther, prevent him from founding the Society of Jesus. Contarini was the scion of one of Venice’s most prestigious LONGHI families. The Contarinis had produced seven doges, and Gasparo had his sights set on being the eighth, before he was tapped to serve Venice as a member of the College of Cardinals. He served the Serene Republic as ambassador to the court of Charles V, and as ambassador to the Vatican, where he took a role in setting up the Medici Pope Clement VII for the 1527 sack of Rome. Toward the end of his life, Contarini was sent as papal legate to the Imperial Diet at Regenburg, where he represented the Roman point of view in debates with schismatics like Melancthon. There, he had a hand in destroying any compromise between the Lutherans and the Emperor Charles, which would have helped to end the bloodshed and dissension of the Reformation years. What does this sublime Venetian patrician have to do with the founding of the Jesuit order by that itinerant and deranged mystic, Ignatius of Loyola? Ignatius was the creature of Venice, and of Contarini in particular. In 1521, Ignatius was wounded while fighting the French in one of the wars of Charles V. During his convalescence, he underwent his much-touted mystical crisis, after which he took up the life of a hobo. Making his way around Europe seeking funding for a pilgrimage to the holy land, Ignatius found his way to Venice, where he camped out in St. Mark’s Square and lived by begging. One evening the Venetian oligarch Marcantonio Trevisan was sleeping in his golden palace, and had a vision. An angel came to him asking, “Why are you sleeping so soundly in your warm bed, while in the square there is a holy man, a poor pilgrim who needs your help?” Trevisan rushed downstairs to find Ignatius, who became his house guest, fleas and all. After that, Ignatius was given an audience with the DOGE, Andrea Gritti, who offered him passage to Cyprus on a Venetian warship as first leg of his pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Ignatius continued his travels, but soon returned to Venice to develop relationships with other members of the oligarchy. These included Gasparo Contarini’s nephew Pietro, who became a recipient of Ignatius’ patented brainwashing treatment, the Exercitationes Spirituales. Then Ignatius made his way to Rome. Here he became the protégé of Gasparo Contarini, who had been appointed to the College of Cardinals by Pope Paul III Farnese. The cardinal took the Exercitationes Spirituales, and appointed Ignatius his personal confessor and spiritual advisor. By 1540, Contarini had personally interceded with the pope against Ignatius’ enemies within the church hierarchy to ensure the founding of the Society of Jesus as a new Church order. In June 1539, Contarini personally traveled to the pope’s summer residence at Tivoli, and prevailed on the pontiff to let him read aloud the statutes of the new order composed by Ignatius. The pope must have been favorably impressed by something. His approving comment Hic est digitus Dei, (”Here is the finger of God”), has become a feature of the turgid Jesuit homiletics.

The Venetian Conspiracy

« Against Oligarchy

Webster G. Tarpley

https://ia600902.us.archive.org/1/items/pdfy--vMPBwiHw_IDIeob/Against%20Oligarchy%20by%20Webster%20Griffin%20Tarpley.pdf

Pragmatic Cooperation between China and Italy: A Study in

the Context of China-Italy Comprehensive Strategic

Partnership towards its 20th Anniversary*

*The main authors of this research report are: project leader Prof. Sun Yanhong, Senior Research Fellow, head of

Division of European Economic Studies at the Institute of European Studies (IES) of the Chinese Academy of Social

Sciences (CASS), also secretary general of Chinese Society of Italian Studies, editor-in-chief of Blue Book of Italy:

Annual Development Report of Italy; Italian coordinator Andrea Caligiuri, Associate Professor at the Department of

Law and Senior Research Fellow at the China Center of the University of Macerata; and Gianluca Sampaolo, Research

Fellow at the Department of Law and Senior Research Fellow at the China Center of the University of Macerata.

Section III "Fruitful Science and Technology Exchanges and Cooperation" and part of Section "Summary and Outlook"

were completed by the Italian authors. The full text of this report was reviewed by Prof. Sun Yanhong. The English

edition of this report, except Section III, was translated by Yujie translaiton group. Thanks are extended to China

Eastern Airlines (CEA) and Global Times Online for their support for this research.

Table of contents

I. High-level Political Interactions and Mutual Political Trust Steering Pragmatic

Cooperation ........................................................................................................................................ 5

(1) Establishment of comprehensive strategic partnership and high-level

political interactions ............................................................................................................... 5

(2) High-level political interactions since the outbreak of the COVID-19

pandemic .................................................................................................................................... 7

II. Economic and Trade Cooperation as "Ballast Stone" of Bilateral Ties .................. 11

(1) Bilateral trade growing rapidly .................................................................................. 11

(2) New trends of two-way investment ............................................................................ 13

(3) Green and digital cooperation under the spotlight .............................................. 14

(4) Intensive introductions of direct flights ................................................................... 15

III. Fruitful Scientific and Technological Exchanges and Cooperation ........................ 17

(1) The development of scientific and technological relations: a historical

perspective ............................................................................................................................... 17

(2) The main instruments of S&T cooperation ........................................................ 17

(3) Cooperation in the space sector ............................................................................. 18

(4) Cooperation on environmental protection .......................................................... 20

(5) The changing geopolitical environment and the impact on future bilateral

S&T cooperation .................................................................................................................... 22

IV. Distinct Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation ............................................................... 23

(1) Current situation and characteristics ....................................................................... 23

(2) China-Italy Cultural Forum: A new model for cultural cooperation between

China and Europe ................................................................................................................. 24

(3) Success of the 2022 China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism ......................... 26

V. Third-party Market Cooperation Making Robust Progress ....................................... 28

(1) Overview of third-party market cooperation ........................................................ 28

(2) Cases of third-party market cooperation ................................................................ 28

(3) Prospects of third-party market cooperation ........................................................ 30

VI. Enhanced People-to-People Bond Through Thick and Thin .................................... 32

(1) Long-standing tradition of mutual support in difficult times ........................... 32

(2) Mutual support through the COVID-19 pandemic ............................................. 32

Summary and Outlook ................................................................................................................. 36

Introduction

China and Italy are both time-honored ancient civilizations with a splendid culture. The ties

between the two countries, though geographically apart, go back a long way. As early as the end

of the second century BC, Chinese silk was sold to Italy. From ancient Rome to the Renaissance,

Italy gave birth to the Western culture and stayed far ahead of the European and American

countries in cultural exchanges with China.1 Over a long period of time, "China's ties with the

West were virtually ties with Italy," from the ancient Silk Road to Marco Polo's travel in China

and further to Matteo Ricci's introduction of Western learning to China.2

The People's Republic of China and the Italian Republic established diplomatic relations in 1970.

Since then, the two countries have appreciated each other's culture, conducted mutually beneficial

cooperation on the principle of mutual respect and equal treatment, and supported each other

through difficult times. Together, they have set a fine example for friendly ties between two

countries different in cultural backgrounds, social systems, and stages of economic development,

with pragmatic cooperation as the central theme. In 2004, China and Italy forged the

comprehensive strategic partnership. In 2019, the two countries celebrated the 15th anniversary of

their comprehensive strategic partnership and signed a series of important cooperation

agreements during Chinese President Xi Jinping's state visit to Italy, including the memorandum

of understanding (MOU) on cooperation within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative

(BRI). In 2020, China and Italy witnessed the 50th anniversary of their diplomatic relations amid

the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though mutual visits were almost interrupted, close high-level

exchanges continued to advance the implementation of the above-mentioned outcomes.

China and Italy will celebrate the 20th anniversary of their comprehensive strategic partnership in

2024. Meanwhile, the world today is confronted with accelerated profound changes unseen in a

century. In this context, it is necessary to examine the development of China-Italy relations and

cooperation over the past 20 years. Given that pragmatic cooperation has been the central theme

since the establishment of diplomatic relations, the report intends to review the two-decade

journey of pragmatic cooperation between China and Italy in the aspects of political mutual trust,

economic and trade cooperation, scientific and technological cooperation, cultural exchanges and

cooperation, third-party market cooperation, as well as mutual support through difficult times. On

this basis, the report summarizes the characteristics and trends and gives an outlook on pragmatic

cooperation between the two countries.

1 Zhu Longhua: "From the 'Silk Road' to Marco Polo––Cultural Exchanges between China and Italy," History of

Cultural Exchanges between China and Foreign Countries, edited by Zhou Yiliang, Henan People's Publishing House,

1987.

2Giuliano Bertuccioli and Federico Masini, Italia e Cina, preface to the Chinese version, translated by Xiao Xiaoling

et al., Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2002.

I. High-level Political Interactions and Mutual Political Trust Steering Pragmatic

Cooperation

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1970, high-level political interactions and

mutual political trust built on this basis have consistently guided the bilateral ties and cooperation

between China and Italy. In 2004, the state leaders of the two countries made a major

forward-looking decision to elevate the bilateral ties to the comprehensive strategic partnership.

Guided by this political decision, the pragmatic cooperation between the two sides has rapidly

expanded on all fronts, at multiple levels, and to various fields, and continued to break new

grounds and yield marked results.

(1) Establishment of comprehensive strategic partnership and high-level political

interactions

Since the beginning of the 21st century, profound changes in both domestic and international

environments have prompted China and Italy to adjust foreign policies. On the Chinese side, after

two decades of rapid development since the reform and opening up, China's economy, measured

by gross domestic product (GDP), climbed to the seventh largest globally in 2000. Thanks to

sustained fast growth, China overtook Japan to become the world's second largest economy after

the United States (US), and surpassed the US to become the world's top manufacturing country

(by value added in the manufacturing sector) in 2010. Three years later, China replaced the US as

the global largest trading country in goods. Underpinned by upgraded economic strength and

comprehensive national strength, China has gradually risen from a regional power to a global

power with fast-spreading international influence. Under the impact of the 2008 international

financial crisis, China's economy has entered a "new normal" featuring a shift from high-speed to

medium-high-speed growth. Yet, China remains the "locomotive" of the global economy. At the

same time, China has begun to optimize economic structure by transitioning from factor-driven

and investment-driven to innovation-driven development. During this period, the Belt and Road

Initiative that is committed to promoting global economic recovery and sustainable growth was

proposed, and the pace of "going abroad" by Chinese enterprises accelerated as well. In this

context, China's foreign policy highlighted further opening up for transforming and upgrading

industrial and economic structure while assuming more international responsibility in global

governance and regional cooperation.

On the Italian side, as an early industrialized Western European country, Italy has been

overshadowed by great Western powers in terms of economic output, national strength and

resource availability. It is also a processing and exporting country whose economy relies heavily

on foreign trade. To this end, Italy's foreign policy upholds the principles of "peace, stability and

amity" and aims to pursue "economic and commercial interests" and "great-power status" in a

"flexible, realistic and pragmatic" manner.3 The pragmatic feature has become more distinctive

since the 1990s economic downturn. In particular, Italy experienced the severest and longest

recession after the end of the Second World War as a result of the 2008 international financial

crisis. The sluggish recovery in domestic demand prompts the country to rely more on foreign

economic cooperation. China, as the most prospective large market and a liquidity-rich foreign

investor, was surely considered important by Italian political and business circles.

It is against this backdrop that China and Italy decided to elevate their bilateral ties to a strategic

level, pushing their cooperation to new heights. In May 2004, the two countries announced the

establishment of the comprehensive strategic partnership and the China-Italy Governmental

Committee during then Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's visit to Italy. In December, they signed

multiple bilateral documents to strengthen cultural exchanges and cooperation in health and

sports during then Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi's visit to China. The bilateral ties have

since entered the fast lane of comprehensive development. This is manifested most prominently

in the mutual political trust bolstered with frequent mutual visits of high-level leaders.

In September 2006, then Italian Prime Minister (PM) Prodi visited China, during which the two

countries signed documents on bilateral cooperation covering science and technology, education,

agriculture, and medical and health care. In July 2009, then Chinese President Hu Jintao paid a

visit to Italy, concluding multiple agreements on economic and trade cooperation. In October

2010, the two governments issued the Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening Economic

Cooperation (2011~2013) during Wen Jiabao's second visit to Italy. Then Italian President

Napolitano paid a visit to China the same month. In June 2011, then Chinese Vice President Xi

Jinping attended the celebration of the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy. In April 2012,

then Italian PM Mario Monti visited China and attended the opening ceremony of the Boao

Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2012. In June 2014, during then Italian PM Matteo Renzi's

visit to China, the governments of the two countries renewed the Three-year Action Plan on

Strengthening Economic Cooperation for the period 2014~2016, and agreed to set up the

China-Italy Entrepreneur Committee. In October 2014, then Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visited

Italy, and the two countries signed nearly 20 intergovernmental agreements and commercial

contracts covering the areas of energy, finance, aviation, communications, culture, environment

and quality inspection. In 2015, China and Italy organized a series of important activities to

celebrate the 45th anniversary of diplomatic relations. While China gave strong support for the

Milan Expo, then Italian Foreign Minister Gentiloni attended China's military parade to

commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance

Against Japanese Aggression. In September 2016, then Italian PM Renzi attended the G20

Leaders' Summit held in China. Two months later, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Renzi

during his stop on the Sardinia Island. In February 2017, Italian President Mattarella visited

3 For the characteristics of Italian foreign policy in recent years, see Luo Hongbo, "Italy" in the Annual Development

Report of Europe (2005–2006), China Social Sciences Press, 2006.

China, concluding 13 bilateral intergovernmental and commercial agreements. In May, then

Italian PM Gentiloni attended the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in

China, and the two governments signed the Action Plan for Strengthening Economic, Trade,

Cultural and Technological Cooperation (2017~2020). In September 2018, China and Italy signed

the MOU on Third-Party Market Cooperation during then Italian Deputy PM Di Maio's visit to

China. The next month, the Italian government set up the China Task Force to study and tap the

potential of cooperation with China. During Xi Jinping's visit to Italy in March 2019, the two

governments signed the joint communiqué on strengthening the comprehensive strategic

partnership, as well as many important cooperation agreements, including intergovernmental

documents such as the MOU on cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative framework.

Enterprises from the two sides also concluded cooperation agreements worth about 2.5 billion

euros.4

(2) High-level political interactions since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic

From 2020 onwards, the normal visits between China and Italy have been impeded and the

bilateral cooperation has been more subject to geopolitical factors in the midst of the COVID-19

pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Due to the pandemic, many activities scheduled for

year 2020 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of China-Italy diplomatic ties were canceled or

postponed. The planned visit of Italian President Mattarella to China was also postponed, which

somewhat affected the normal exchanges between the two sides. In addition, during the pandemic,

there were occasional "noises" in China-Italy relations due to the escalating tensions between

China and the United States, as well as the influence of extreme right-wing opposition parties in

Italy following the United States. It is noteworthy that a technical-grand coalition government led

by Mario Draghi took up office in February 2021. The Draghi government adopted a conservative

attitude towards cooperation with China, considering persistent China-US tensions and

increasingly complex China-EU relations. This to some extent added uncertainties to the

prospects of China-Italy relations. With the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022, the

Italian government tends to further constrain cooperation with China as China-US tensions have

intensified and China-EU relations have become more complex and uncertain. Nonetheless, the

political, economic and social circles of the two countries have made efforts to promote

exchanges in various fields over the past few years. Mutually beneficial pragmatic cooperation

for win-win results remains the mainstay of the bilateral ties.

In post-2020 years, high-level political leaders of China and Italy have maintained relatively

frequent interactions for in-depth exchanges on bilateral ties and international hotspot issues.

Their efforts have stabilized bilateral relations as a whole and provided important guidance for

pragmatic cooperation in various fields between two countries. On February 2, 2020, Italian

4 Sun Yanhong, "China-Italy Cooperation Towards the 50th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations," Annual

Development Report of Italy (2019–2020): 50 Years of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and Italy,

edited by Sun Yanhong, Social Sciences Academic Press (China), June 2020.

President Mattarella sent a message of condolence to his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping as

COVID-19 began to spread in China. Later, at a critical time of rapid COVID-19 spread in Italy,

Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi spoke twice by phone with then Italian

Foreign Minister Di Maio, expressing China's willingness to provide assistance within its

capacity according to the needs of the Italian side. On March 11, Xi sent a message of condolence

to Mattarella. On March 16, Xi spoke with then Italian PM Conte, saying that China stands ready

to work with Italy to defeat the pandemic. In August, Wang visited Italy as the first stop of his

first post-pandemic tour in Europe. On December 29, Wang and Di Maio attended the closing

ceremony of the 10th Joint Meeting of the China-Italy Government Committee via video link.

In February and May 2021, then Chinese Premier Li Keqiang held two phone conversions with

Italian PM Conte, exchanging views on joint efforts to strengthen international cooperation in

combating the pandemic, promote global economic recovery and address climate change. On

September 7, Chinese President Xi Jinping and then Italian PM Draghi talked by phone on

strengthening the comprehensive strategic partnership and enhancing the cooperation under the

G20 framework. On September 29, Chinese Commerce Minister Wang Wentao and then Italian

Foreign Minister Di Maio co-chaired by video conference the 14th Session of the China-Italy

Joint Economic Committee. On October 30-31, Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister

Wang Yi, as a special envoy of Chinese President Xi Jinping, attended the G20 Leaders' Summit

held in Rome, Italy.

On February 4, 2022, Chinese President Xi Jinping congratulated Mattarella by phone on his

re-election as Italian President. On April 12, Wang Yang, Chairman of the National Committee of

the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, met with Italian Senate speaker Casellati

via video link. On November 16, Xi met with Italian PM Giorgia Meloni in Bali, Indonesia, on

the sidelines of the G20 Leaders' Summit. As two ancient civilizations, Xi said, China and Italy

are comprehensive strategic partners that share broad common interests and a profound

foundation for cooperation. Xi stressed that it is important for the two countries to carry forward

the tradition of friendship, understand and support each other's core interests and major concerns,

pursue common ground while shelving differences, expand consensus, and set an example for

relations between countries with different social systems and cultural backgrounds. Meloni said

Italy does not approve of bloc confrontation, and upheld that countries should respect their

differences and disagreements, strengthen solidarity, keep to dialogue and exchanges, and

enhance mutual understanding. Italy hopes to closely collaborate with China within the United

Nations, G20 and other frameworks to tackle the various pressing challenges facing the world in a

more effective manner, Meloni said, noting that China is a major country and Asia is becoming

more and more important for the world.5 On September 3–5, 2023, Italian Deputy PM and

Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani visited China. During this period, Tajani and his Chinese

5 "Xi Meets Italian PM Meloni," Portal of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China,

November 17, 2022, http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-11/17/content_5727359.htm

counterpart Wang Yi attended the 11th Joint Meeting of the China-Italy Governmental Committee,

calling on the two countries to strengthen practical cooperation in various fields under the

framework of comprehensive strategic partnership.

Table 1 Bilateral documents of importance between China and Italy since 2004

Time Title

May 2004 Joint Communiqué of the Government of People's Republic of China and the

Government of the Italian Republic on the Establishment of a Stable, Friendly,

Long-term and Sustainable Comprehensive Strategic Partnership

May 2004 Joint Statement of the Government of People's Republic of China and the

Government of the Italian Republic on the Establishment of the China-Italy

Governmental Committee

June 2004 Agreement between the Government of People's Republic of China and the

Government of the Italian Republic on Intellectual Property Cooperation

June 2004 Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People's Republic

of China and the Government of the Italian Republic on Cooperation in Aviation

July 2005 Agreement between the Government of People's Republic of China and the

Government of the Italian Republic on Mutual Recognition of Higher Education

Degrees

November 2008 Joint Statement of the Government of People's Republic of China and the

Government of the Italian Republic on Cooperation in Science and Technology

July 2009 Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People's Republic

of China and the Government of the Italian Republic on Cooperation in

High-tech Fields

July 2009 Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People's Republic

of China and the Government of the Italian Republic on Cooperation in Tourism

October 2010 China-Italy Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening Economic Cooperation

(2011–2013)

June 2014 China-Italy Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening Economic Cooperation

(2014–2016)

June 2014 Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People's Republic

of China and the Government of the Italian Republic on the Establishment of the

Cultural Forum

October 2014

May 2017

Joint Statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the

Government of the Italian Republic

China-Italy Action Plan for Strengthening Economic, Trade, Cultural and

Technological Cooperation (2017–2020)

September 2018

Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People's Republic

of China and the Government of the Italian Republic on Third-Party Market

Cooperation

March 2019

Joint Communiqué of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the

Government of the Italian Republic on Strengthening the Comprehensive

Strategic Partnership

March 2019

Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People's Republic

of China and the Government of the Italian Republic on Cooperation within the

Framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk

Initiative

Source: The table is drawn by the research team based on relevant information from the portal of the

Chinese government.

In short, Chinese and Italian high-level leaders have made frequent mutual visits, issued three

joint statements on comprehensive strategic partnership (2004, 2014 and 2019), and signed three

action plans for cooperation (2010, 2014 and 2017) since the establishment of comprehensive

strategic partnership in 2004, charting the course for comprehensive pragmatic cooperation in

various fields. In particular, the nearly two-decade bilateral cooperation in key areas, as identified

in the three programmatic plans, have produced fruitful results, covering environment and

sustainable energy, agriculture, sustainable urbanization, food, drug and health, aerospace,

tourism and cultural heritage preservation. In addition, the China-Italy Governmental Committee

and the China-Italy Entrepreneur Committee established in 2004 and 2014 respectively have

provided important dialogue channels and institutional guarantees to continuously consolidate

and enhance practical cooperation. The 2019 MOU on cooperation within the Belt and Road

Initiative framework has offered a new platform for pragmatic cooperation between the two

countries in various fields.

II. Economic and Trade Cooperation as "Ballast Stone" of Bilateral Ties

Economic and trade cooperation has long been an important pillar of pragmatic cooperation

between China and Italy and even played the role of "ballast stone" in bilateral ties in recent years.

China and Italy had economic and trade contacts as early as before the establishment of

diplomatic relations. Between 1950 and 1963, the trade volume between the two countries grew

approximately from $10.4 million to about $38 million. With the establishment of diplomatic

relations, the bilateral economic and trade ties have seen unprecedented rapid development,

especially since China's reform and opening up. In 2001, the trade volume reached $7.78 billion,

which is 77 times that of 1970 when the diplomatic relations were established and 12.7 times that

of 1979 when China implemented the reform and opening up policy ($610 million). Italy thus

maintained the position of China's fifth largest trading partner within the European Union (EU).

In terms of foreign investment, Italy was an absolutely dominant investor in China until the turn

of the century. By the end of 2001, the contracted foreign investment amounted to $2.951 through

1,628 projects, with $1.988 billion actually used, ranking fifth among EU countries.

China-Italy economic and trade cooperation has entered the fast lane since the beginning of the

21st century, in particular, under the framework of comprehensive strategic partnership. During

this period, China has developed rapidly to overtake Italy in gross economic output and became

the second largest economy in the world. Yet with very large complementary space, the bilateral

economic and trade cooperation remains resilient. It exhibits new features and new trends that

deserve attention, as a combined result of the transformed power contrast, the fast-unfolding new

industrial revolution, the COVID-19 pandemic and the recently rising geopolitical factors.

(1) Bilateral trade growing rapidly

China-Italy bilateral trade surged from $7.78 billion in 2001 to $77.88 billion in 2022, an increase

of about nine times. In general, the bilateral trade in dollar terms expanded rapidly, though

decline was observed in 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2016 due to the international financial crisis, the

European debt crisis, the EU anti-dumping measures on Chinese photovoltaic (PV) products, and

the depreciation of the euro. It is worth mentioning that with the signing of the MOU on

cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative framework, the bilateral trade in goods soared by

about 42% from $54.9 billion to $77.88 billion from 2019 to 2022. In 2020, in particular,

China-Italy trade registered a 0.4% growth, while global trade as a whole shrank as a result of the

pandemic. China was the only country among the major economies to realize growth in imports

from Italy that year. In 2021, the bilateral trade kept rising, with imports and exports worth

$73.954 billion, a substantial increase of 34% year-on-year. China's exports to Italy grew 32.5%

year-on-year to reach $43.632 billion and China's imports from Italy amounted to $30.322 billion,

up 36.3% year-on-year.

From the perspective of China's exports to Italy, China is the first to fully resume production

based on effective epidemic control and able to somewhat make up for the shortfall in exports

from other countries to Italy. From the perspective China's imports from Italy, as a global

production base, China needs more imported intermediates (including imports from Italy) for

production expanded to address huge external demand brought about by the global economic

recovery. Besides, most of the purchase realized through business activities and travel before

have turned into imports as international visits were severely impeded by the pandemic. In short,

the surge in China-Italy trade amid the pandemic was driven by many short-term factors, but it

adequately demonstrates the complementarity of the two economies and the resilience of bilateral

economic and trade cooperation. The strong momentum of bilateral trade, in particular, the rapid

growth of Chinese imports from Italy, has inspired the Italian government to place more emphasis

on cooperation with China. Then Italian Foreign Minister Di Maio told domestic media on July

17, 2021 that Italy should cooperate with China or it would lose out to other European countries

in economic development.6 In 2022, China-Italy bilateral trade rose 5.4% year-on-year to hit a

new record high (Figure 1). In terms of product structure, intra-industry trade begins to outweigh

inter-industry trade with China's economic restructuring and upgrading, implying an ongoing

transition from inter-industry to intra-industry complementarity of the two economies.

Figure 1 Import and export values between China and Italy, 2005~2022 ($100 million)

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

对意⼤利出⼝

Exports to Italy ⾃意⼤利进⼝

Imports from Italy 进出⼝

Imports and exports

Source: The figure is drawn by the research team based on data from the portal of the Ministry of

Commerce of China.

There is persistent trade imbalance between China and Italy due to their differences in

development stages and industrial structures. "The two parties agree to broaden and facilitate

market access for each other towards the common goal of promoting bilateral trade growth and

balance and driving two-way investment," according to the Joint Communiqué of the Government

6 "Italian Foreign Minister Di Maio: China is an Important Trade Partner of Italy at this Stage," portal of the Ministry

of Commerce of China, July 19, 2021, http://it.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/202107/20210703180260.shtml

of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Italian Republic on Strengthening

the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership signed in 2019. In order to narrow Italy's trade deficit

with China for bilateral trade balance, China has been committed to expanding imports from Italy

over the past few years. Italy was one of the guest countries of honor at the Second China

International Import Expo held in 2019. The agreement on the export of Italian rice and beef to

China signed by the two governments in 2020 created conditions for Italian agri-food products to

further enter the Chinese market. Between 2019 and 2021, Italy's exports to China increased by

41.6% from $21.41 billion to $30.32 billion. In 2022, dragged down by the energy crisis triggered

by the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Italy's foreign exports as a whole suffered a setback, with exports

to China falling to about $26.98 billion, but still far higher than the 2020 level (Figure 1). In the

first half of 2023, Italy's exports to China rebounded rapidly, up by a whopping 45.6%

year-on-year. As a matter of fact, between 2019 and 2022, Italy, China's fourth largest trading

partner in the EU, outperformed Germany, China's top trading partner in the EU, by absolute

value added or growth rate of exports to China.7 In April 2023, Italy became the sole guest

country of honor at the Third China International Consumer Goods Expo, and Italian PM Meloni

delivered a speech by video at the opening ceremony. Italy was also the only guest country of

honor at the Second Global Geographical Indications Products Expo held in September 2023,

Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China. All these demonstrate that Italian political and business

circles remain optimistic about the prospects of the Chinese market and attach great importance to

exports to China.

(2) New trends of two-way investment

The two-way investment between China and Italy has maintained fast growth since the

establishment of comprehensive strategic partnership. Prior to the international financial crisis

and the European sovereign debt crisis, Italian investment in China far outnumbered Chinese

investment in Italy, resulting in one-way bilateral investment. However, there has been a shift to

two-way investment, propelled by the surge of Chinese investment in Italy, which becomes a new

highlight of bilateral economic and trade cooperation. In 2014, Chinese investment in Italy added

$3.5 billion, only smaller than that in the United Kingdom within the EU scope. In 2015, Italy

became the most attractive EU country for Chinese investment with an incremental flow of $7.8

billion from China. By the end of 2018, the cumulative Chinese investment in Italy exceeded 13.5

billion euros, making Italy the third largest destination of Chinese investment in the EU. Italian

investment in China was on the rise during the same period. By the end of 2018, Italy had

deployed more than 6,000 projects in China, with a cumulative investment of around $7.31

billion. At the local level, the economic and trade cooperation between China and Italy has shown

sound momentum as well. Many distinctive economic parks have been built in succession,

including the China-Italy Hai'an Ecological Park, China-Italy Ningbo Ecological Park,

7 Following the UK's exit from the EU, Italy became China's fourth largest trading partner in the EU, behind Germany,

the Netherlands and France.

China-Italy Zhenjiang Agricultural Innovation Demonstration Park, China-Italy Chengdu Cultural

Innovation Industrial Park, and Tianjin Italian SMEs Industrial Park.

It is noteworthy that the Italian government's attitude towards cooperation with China has

somewhat changed since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. A key manifestation is the tightened

scrutiny of Chinese investment. For example, in April 2021, the Draghi government invoked the

so-called Golden Power law to veto the takeover of a 70% stake in LPE by China's Shenzhen

Invenland Holding Co., Ltd on the grounds that semiconductor is a strategic sector. In the same

month, CNH Industrial NV ended talks to sell its Iveco truck and bus unit to China FAW Group,

after the Italian government signaled objection to the deal, considering the production of heavy

vehicles to be of national strategic interest. Between 2012 and 2021, the Italian government used

the Golden Power law five times to reject merger and acquisition applications from abroad, with

four times against Chinese companies. In contrast, Italian investment in China keeps mounting

steadily. The Italian business community is positive and optimistic about continued business

expansion in China, as embodied in the opening of the eighth office of the China-Italy Chamber

of Commerce in China––Tianjin Office in March 2023.8

(3) Green and digital cooperation under the spotlight

In the midst of new industrial revolution, China's 14th Five-Year Plan, as well as the EU recovery

plan Next Generation EU, have identified the digital economy and the green economy as the most

important areas of development. China has rolled out digital development strategies and set forth

the Dual Carbon Goals in the green economy. The EU has launched the Digital Strategy and the

European Green Deal and vowed to accelerate the twin transitions to a green and digital economy.

In alignment with the EU twin transitions strategy to advance its own economic transformation

and upgrading, Italy has placed "green" and "digital" at the core of its National Recovery and

Resilience Plan, devoting 37.5% and 25.1% of the resources to green and digital transitions

respectively, both higher than the EU targets of 37% and 20%. In this regard, China and Italy are

highly complementary in terms of technology, talent, capital and market and share many common

concerns in the development of global standards and rules. In fact, bilateral cooperation in

emerging fields such as green and digital economy has made noticeable progress in recent years.

In April 2022, Belleolico offshore wind farm in the Port of Taranto was integrated into the Italian

grid, with wind turbines supplied by China's Ming Yang Smart Energy. The project involving

several European firms marks new breakthrough in China-Italy/China-EU cooperation in green

energy. In June 2023, European chip giant of Italian-French origin STMicroelectronics and

China's Sanan Optoelectronics announced that they would co-finance a $3.2 billion joint venture

in Chongqing for manufacturing 8-inch silicon carbide devices, the core material for

8 References: Sun Yanhong, "An Analysis of China-Italy Cooperation towards 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of

Diplomatic Relations between the Two Countries”, in Annual Development Report of Italy (2019–2020): 50 Years of

Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between China and Italy, edited by Sun Yanhong, Social Sciences Academic

Press (China), June 2020 edition; and Sun Yanhong, "Great Significance of Maintaining China-Italy Pragmatic

Cooperation," Chinese Journal of World Knowledge. Issue 18, 2023.

third-generation semiconductors. It is expected that China and Italy will still share broad space

for cooperation in the context of green and digital transition.

(4) Intensive introductions of direct flights

In view of the development of bilateral economic and trade cooperation and the growth of

people-to-people exchanges, China and Italy have introduced many direct passenger and cargo

flights in recent years. In 1986, the Beijing-Rome route was inaugurated by Air China as the first

direct route between mainland China and Italy. In the next more than two decades, there had been

no direct flights added between the two countries. However, the demand for direct flights

increased with the establishment of comprehensive strategic partnership that led bilateral

cooperation into the fast lane. In March 2008, Air China unveiled the direct route between

Shanghai and Milan. In February 2011, China Eastern Airlines and Alitalia jointly announced the

direct flights from Rome to Beijing and Shanghai. The two parties signed the MOU on

Cooperation and the Codeshare Agreement to establish codeshare cooperation and frequent flyer

partnership. Pursuant to the agreement, China Eastern Airlines would operate the flight from

Shanghai to Rome and Alitalia, the flight from Beijing to Rome. In June 2011, Air China

launched the direct flight between Beijing and Milan. In December 2013, China Eastern Airlines

launched the Wenzhou-Rome service, making Wenzhou the third city in mainland China after

Beijing and Shanghai to have direct flight to Rome. In April 2015 and December 2016, Hainan

Airlines launched the direct routes linking Chongqing and Xi'an with Rome respectively. During

this period, Alitalia joined the Beijing-Rome service in July 2016. In June 2019, Sichuan Airlines

unveiled the Chengdu-Rome route and Air China inaugurated the Hangzhou-Rome route. In

November 2021, the Wenzhou-Milan international cargo route operated by China Eastern Airlines

was opened, and one year later, the Wenzhou-Milan passenger flight was made available by Air

China. China Southern Airlines launched Wenzhou-Rome direct flight in June 2023, and Hainan

Airlines added Shenzhen-Milan direct flight in September. On October 30, 2023, Juneyao

Airlines began to provide Zhengzhou-Milan direct flight service. Such intensive introductions of

direct flights between China and Italy are driven by the fast-growing people-to-people exchanges

(including government travel, business travel and tourism travel) and trade in goods between the

two sides. They have paved a solid foundation of international transportation for future trade in

goods.

Among the routes mentioned above, the Wenzhou-Milan cargo route operated by China Eastern

Airlines draws a lot of attention. On November 29, 2021, a wide-body aircraft Airbus A330-200,

loaded with 25.8 tons of cargo, departed from Wenzhou Longwan International Airport for Milan,

marking the opening of the first international cargo route between Wenzhou and Milan. It is the

only international cargo route operated by Wenzhou Airport and the only cargo route in Zhejiang

province to head to Italy with passenger to freighter conversions. There are two flights with four

sorties each week. The debut flight carried 800 cartons of COVID-19 detection kits manufactured

in China, as well as daily necessities like clothes, shoes, and stainless-steel products. Wenzhou is

well known as an export city for China's foreign trade and the hometown of many overseas

Chinese. Milan is a major economic and commercial center in Europe and one of the main

settlements of Wenzhou overseas Chinese. The direct cargo flight between the two cities is

conducive to China-Italy/China-EU trade in goods, but also facilitates the contribution of

overseas Chinese in Italy to China-Italy economic and trade ties and cooperation in many other

fields.

III. Fruitful Scientific and Technological Exchanges and Cooperation

(1) The development of scientific and technological relations: a historical perspective

Italy was one of the first Western countries to sign, on October 6, 1978, an agreement with China

for cooperation in science and technology (S&T), later supplemented by the Protocol of October

5, 1987.

In 1998, a new S&T Cooperation Agreement (with an Annex on intellectual property provisions) – still in force today – was signed, expanding the areas of bilateral cooperation. These include

Energy and Environment; Advanced Materials and Superconductors; Space and Astronomy;

Biomedical Health and Biotechnology; and Applied Technologies for the Protection and

Preservation of Cultural Heritage. The agreement also commits to promoting joint Italian and

Chinese participation in European Union (EU) or other international organizations or programs.

The legal framework of S&T cooperation has been shaped mainly in space cooperation through

the 1984 Protocol and the 1991 Protocol on Space Exploration and Use. In environmental

protection, it has been defined through various acts, including the Joint Declaration of 2000, the

Memoranda of Understanding of 2001, 2004, and 2012, the Declaration on Environmental

Partnership of 2014, and the Protocol on Environment and Sustainable Development of 2017, the

result of collaboration between the Chinese and Italian ministries of environment.

In 2010, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the Italian Ministry of

Public Administration and Innovation also signed a Framework Agreement by which the model of

collaboration between the two countries in the field of innovation diffusion is made stable.

More generally, in subsequent years, cooperation projects between the two countries have

gradually increased in significance, becoming a significant component of the China-Italy

Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, established since 2004. A positive impetus to this

development came from the signing in 2019 of the Memorandum of Understanding between Italy

and China on cooperation in the framework of the "Economic Silk Road" and the "Initiative for a

21st Century Maritime Silk Road".

(2) The main instruments of S&T cooperation

There are several instruments that Italy and China have set up on a bilateral or unilateral basis to

implement S&T cooperation.

Within the bilateral instruments, the following should be noted:

• Executive Protocol between the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation

(MAECI) and MOST, which lasts for three years and finances research projects on agreed topics at

each renewal;

• Executive Protocol between MAECI and the National Natural Science Foundation of China

(NSFC), funds Italian-Chinese collaborative projects on topics agreed upon at each renewal and

according to the strategic interests of the two countries, with a recent renewal for 2023-2025

focused on Food Quality and Safety, Health Risk Factor Analysis, Environmental Pollution

Remediation, Renewable Energy, and Interdisciplinary Projects in Large Infrastructure.

At the unilateral level, Italy has set up a series of instruments that are to facilitate the planning

and coordination of S&T activities in China:

• Technical Table for S&T Cooperation, established in 2014 at MAECI, coordinates the actions of

Italian institutions in China, promoting knowledge of the Chinese scientific world and encouraging

the return of cooperative investments;

• Cooperation Program of the Ministry of University and Research (MUR) launched in 2014,

integrates technological interchange with cooperation between the humanities and science,

focusing on the dissemination of scientific culture through collaborations between universities,

Confucius Institutes and the City of Science;

• MUR's China Program Coordination Table, established in 2015, involves research stakeholders,

universities, innovative startups through the Ministry of Economic Development (MISE) and

companies through Confindustria.

Finally, the promotion of Italian S&T, contacts between Italian and Chinese S&T institutions,

coordination of activities, relations with universities and facilitation of scientific, technological and

academic exchanges are entrusted to the Scientific Attachés. In China, three Scientific Attachés

operate (Embassy in Beijing and Consulates General in Shanghai and Canton). MAECI also as

close contact with Association of Italian Academics in China (AAIC), whose members are engaged

in teaching, research and coordination of national and international scientific projects.

Regarding the main events organized to disseminate the results of S&T cooperation, the following

should be noted:

• China-Italy Week of Science, Technology and Innovation: it is an annual matching event,

organized alternately in Italy and China, which brings together the two events of the

China-Italy Innovation Forum and the Sino-Italian Exchange Even in a single format,

following the back-to-back formula.

• Italian Science in the World Day: every year in April, Italian Science in the World Day is held.

The event, which originated in Beijing through the action of the network of Science Attachés

in China, has since become a global event. The Science Day changes its format from year to

year and has the function of emphasizing the progress of Italian research and its spillovers

globally.

The previous part mentioned several important areas of scientific and technological cooperation

between China and Italy. Due to space limitations, this part focuses on summarizing and

analyzing the situation and achievements of scientific and technological cooperation between the

two countries in the fields of aerospace and environmental protection.

(3) Cooperation in the space sector

One of the most interesting results of S&T cooperation with China has been in the space sector, a

sensitive and complex area of cooperation due to its technological and military implications. In

2011, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) signed a framework agreement with the China National

Space Administration (CNSA) for cooperation in the space sector. This framework agreement was

followed by an executive agreement for the joint construction of a satellite, the China

Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite.

Italy also contributed decisively to the realization of the first scientific satellite launched from

China on December 17, 2015, Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE20, in Chinese christened

Wukong), the result of a collaboration between the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) of the

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).

This collaboration is the result of an agreement between the ASI and the National Space Science

Center of the CAS and is part of cooperation in the specific field of space science.

Another project that has been carried out and has important symbolic value is "Moon Mapping".

The project, personally desired by the MOST, used data obtained from the Chinese lunar probes of

the "Chang'e" series to create a map of the distribution of elements on the lunar soil. A special

feature of this project is that it was carried out in collaboration between Chinese and Italian

university students.

On February 22, 2017, on the occasion of President Mattarella's visit to China in the presence of his

Chinese counterpart, President Xi, an agreement was signed between ASI and China Manned

Space Agency for the collaboration and construction of the Chinese space station "Tiangong 3."

This agreement marked the highest point of S&T collaboration between Italy and China.

The most important success of bilateral space collaboration between Italy and China was the launch

of the "CSES21" (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) satellite from China's Jiuquan Satellite

Launch Central space base on February 2, 2018. CSES was a Sino-Italian joint space mission, and

Italy was the first Western country – without considering the European satellite launch initiative

between the European Space Agency and China – to launch a satellite in collaboration with China.

In addition to sharing equipment and technology, the space agencies of the two countries have also

enhanced astronaut personnel interchange initiatives (see Table 2).

Table 2 The cooperation agreements in the space sector between China and Italy

Year of commencement

of cooperation

Projects/Cooperation Documents

2011

Agreement between China National Space Administration (CNSA) and the

Italian Space Agency (ASI) on peaceful use of outer space

2012

Memorandum of Understanding between Kayser Italy and School of Life

Science of Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT)

2014

“Moon Mapping” project

2017

Framework agreement for cooperation in the field of human spaceflight

activities between China National Space Agency (CNSA) and Italian Space

Agency (ASI)

Agreement for cooperation and construction of Chinese space station

Tiangong 3 between ASI and China Manned Space Agency

2018 Italian-Chinese space mission "China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite"

2019 Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation related to the second

Chinese satellite of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-02)

series between CNSA and ASI

Source: Authors' elaboration.

(4) Cooperation on environmental protection

The other most significant area of bilateral cooperation is in environmental protection. The terms of

cooperation are outlined in the signed intergovernmental documents, and it is focused on the

following areas: Air pollution prevention and control; Water pollution prevention and control;

Capacity building on various technical aspects of environmental protection; Environmental policy

and regulation; Implementation of multilateral environmental agreements; and any other areas of

mutual interest to be identified from time to time.

In this area, Italian companies have invested in many projects in China through the Italy-China

Cooperation Program for Environmental Protection funded by the subsequent Memorandum of

Understanding signed on 9/18/2006 between MAECI and the Chinese Ministry of Finance. On the

Italian side, the Program was implemented by the Ministry of Environment through the conclusion

of a series of protocols with Chinese partners (see Table 3).

Table3 Protocols signed under the China-Italy Cooperation Program for Environmental Protection.

Date of signature Protocols with Chinese entities

February 9, 2015 Protocol with CASS-Chinese Academy of Social

Sciences (CASS)

February 10, 2015 Protocol with MIIT-Ministry of Industry and

Information Technology

April 27, 2015 Protocol with the MOST-Ministry of Science and

Technology

June 14, 2017 Protocol with CCICED-Chinese Council for

International Cooperation on Environment and

Development

June 14, 2017 Protocol with the MEP-Ministry of

Environmental Protection

June 16, 2017

Protocol with Beijing-Municipal Environmental

Protection Bureau

May 18, 2018

Protocol with Tongji University

Source: Elaboration on data collected from the Italian Ministry of Environment website.

Since 2000, projects and programs in various key areas have been implemented in 31 provinces,

autonomous regions and municipalities in China. These include protection and conservation of

natural resources, promotion of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency, economic and

technological transformation for low-emission development, sustainable agriculture, institutional

strengthening with support for urban planning and green building, combating global climate

change and its adverse effects through increased compliance with the International Climate

Conventions, and finally, the promising sustainable transportation sector.

Added to this is the support over the years for the Italian presence at some of the most prestigious

environmental fairs in the Chinese context, such as the China International Environmental

Protection Exhibition & Conference, IE Expo, and China-Italy Science, Technology & Innovation

Week.

Of particular importance, moreover, is the Higher Education Program that the Italian Ministry of

the Environment has promoted since 2003 on various issues of environmental management and

sustainable development, aimed at technicians, young professionals, academics, and

decision-makers from Chinese administrations, universities, and enterprises.

In order to foster and promote opportunities for the private sector within the framework of an

institutional partnership, since 2017, cooperation activities have been strengthened along three

lines:

• Strengthening cooperation with the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and

Beijing Municipality;

• Participation in events and exhibitions;

• Participation and involvement of the private sector in projects.

More recently, in 2021, a team of researchers from the Institute of European Studies at CASS in

collaboration with the Institute of Political, Economic and Social Studies (Eurispes), together with

experts from both China and Italy, supported by China Eastern Airlines (CEA) and Global Times

Online,conducted a study on the plans and pathways for Chinese civil aviation to achieve the

"Carbon Double Goal" and reduce carbon emissions in Italian civil aviation. The study examined

and compared the paths taken by civil aviation in both countries to reduce carbon emissions,

analysing the topic from different perspectives, including technological innovation and carbon

market development. Finally, an overview of the prospects for collaboration between the two

aviation systems in the area of sustainable development was drawn.

(5) The changing geopolitical environment and the impact on future bilateral S&T

cooperation

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the geopolitical tensions have prompted the Italian

government to gradually adjust its foreign policy to make it more consistent with the goals of the

Atlantic Alliance, which has also had an impact on China-Italy scientific and technological

cooperation. The main signs of this new course are evident, for example, in the area of spatial

cooperation with China. On October 13, 2020, Italy (with Australia, Canada, Japan, Luxembourg,

UAE, UK an USA) signed the Artemis Agreements on Principles for Cooperation in Civil

Exploration and Use of the Moon, Mars, Comets and Asteroids for Peaceful Uses. These

Agreements are of no small concern to Chinese analysts since, among the various principles

contained therein, there is a willingness to support exploration activities and commercial use of

space resources, including through the creation of "safety zones" around exploration and

exploitation sites, in effect creating areas closed to access by third states. In 2020, the Italian

Space Agency ultimately abandoned its cooperation agreement with China regarding the

construction of the Tiangong 3 space station module.

In the field of environmental protection, which has achieved significant cooperation results, the

current cooperation between the two countries has also encountered some setbacks. Nevertheless, it

seems that cooperation between China and Italy in the field of environmental protection is still

expected to achieve positive development from this reorientation of Italian foreign policy.The

interest still alive in members of the international community to engage in the fight against

climate change and more generally in environmental protection, through instruments including

multilateral cooperation, was manifested in the active role of the two countries in the conclusion

of the BBNJ Agreement in 2023.

The strategic goal of de-coupling Western economies from China's production ecosystem, recently

transitioned to the more moderate concept of de-risking, but it still indicates concerns about the

high concentration of production in China, the high dependence of supply chains on China, and the

fragility of their own supply chains. However, regardless of the changes in ideology and geopolitics,

necessary to continuously promote multilateral cooperation and dialogue, promote

technological progress, and solve current critical and urgent global problems. Currently, Italy is

cautiously adjusting its priorities in bilateral relations with China, which is necessary to maintain

the long-standing political and economic relationship between the two countries. Ultimately, the

future of scientific and technological relations between Italy and China will depend on the ability of

the two countries to balance their national interests with those of the international community,

while respecting the principles of reciprocity, transparency and sustainability.

IV. Distinct Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation

(1) Current situation and characteristics

China and Italy are both recognized as culturally strong countries, with plenty of historical and

cultural heritages. With long-standing and well-established friendship, the two countries have a

solid foundation for cultural exchanges and great potential for cultural cooperation.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the cultural exchanges and cooperation between China

and Italy has seen rapid development and yielded fruitful results, thanks to the great attention and

strong support of the two governments. It is gradually advancing in all respects and at deeper

levels with distinctive features. Based on a review of the past two decades, the trends and

characteristics of bilateral cultural exchanges and cooperation are summarized.

First of all, culture years opened the prelude to comprehensive cultural exchanges and

cooperation. In 2006, China hosted the Italian Culture Year, and in 2010, Italy hosted the Chinese

Culture Year. During this period, hundreds of cultural activities reflecting the achievements and

characteristics of the two sides were carried out, covering traditional music and drama, film,

cultural antique and art exhibitions, press and publications. These events help the two peoples

understand the history, culture and way of life of each other, laying a foundation for future

exchanges and cooperation. Secondly, the key role of education in cultural exchanges and

cooperation has been highlighted. In China, there were more than 20 universities teaching Italian,

as well as a considerable number of private Italian language schools by the end of 2022. In Italy,

almost all of the 20 regions offer Chinese language and culture courses in primary and secondary

schools to various degrees, while Chinese language programs are available in over 30 universities.

A total of 12 Confucius Institutes with 39 Confucius Classrooms have been established

throughout Italy since the first was opened at the Sapienza University of Rome in 2005, heating

up the Chinese language fever. The Week of Italian Language in the World has been held from

2001 onwards to spread Italian culture in China through various activities. In addition, student

exchange programs have been expanding and inter-university cooperation between the two

countries have been diversified. Moreover, an innovative and unique mechanism has been set up

for cultural cooperation. In 2016, China and Italy pioneered to establish the Cultural Forum,

which provides comprehensive guidance for bilateral cultural exchanges and cooperation. This

Forum builds an important new platform for both sides to strengthen practical cooperation in

many fields, such as cultural heritage preservation, film and television production, performing

arts, tourism and creative industries, setting a new model for cultural cooperation between China

and Europe. In addition, fast tourism development has driven people-to-people exchanges. Since

the establishment of China-Italy comprehensive strategic partnership, the Chinese people has

shown growing interest in traveling to Italy, driven by a series of facilitation policies on both

sides. Italy received an average of about 2 million Chinese tourists annually between 2014 and

2019, and China became the top destination for Italians traveling to Asia in 2019. Finally, the

success of the 2022 China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism has given new impetus to

post-pandemic resumption and development of bilateral cultural exchanges and cooperation.

Though once interrupted by COVID-19, the bilateral tourism is quickly recovering in 2023 with

the gradual control of the pandemic.

Due to space limitations, this section focuses discussion on the China-Italy Cultural Forum and

the 2022 China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism to better explain the highlights and features.

(2) China-Italy Cultural Forum: A new model for cultural cooperation between China and

Europe

The China-Italy Cultural Forum is regarded as a pioneering mechanism of landmark significance

launched by the two countries for win-win cultural cooperation. In 2014, on the 10th anniversary

of comprehensive strategic partnership, China and Italy signed the MOU on the Establishment of

the Cultural Forum in a bid to fully and systematically tap the potential of bilateral cultural

cooperation. In July 2016, they signed the China-Italy Cultural Forum Statute to officially kick

off the forum. In February 2017, the First Plenary Meeting of the China-Italy Cultural Forum

took place in Beijing. There were 38 initial members from the two sides, including government

departments, national cultural and artistic institutions, and social organizations and groups, as

well as enterprises and foundations with considerable strength. This efficient and authoritative

forum leads bilateral cultural exchanges and cooperation to a new era. Upholding a systematic

and institutionalized approach and a positive and pragmatic attitude, this forum has injected

unprecedented vitality and impetus to the all-around cultural exchanges and cooperation between

the two countries.9 On January 19, 2018, the Coordinators' Meeting of the China-Italy Cultural

Forum was held at the Doge's Palace in Venice. The Chinese coordinator Zheng Hao, also Deputy

Director General of the Bureau of External Cultural Relations of the Ministry of Culture and

Tourism, said in his speech that the forum inspires a new model for cultural cooperation between

China and Europe. He added that the Forum builds a platform for pragmatic cooperation in many

fields such as cultural heritage preservation, film and television production, tourism cooperation,

performing arts and creative design, as well as for the relevant members. He expected that the

platform for cultural cooperation would drive social and economic progress and contribute to

all-round development of the two countries.

The China-Italy Cultural Forum functions in three aspects, taking into account its conception,

design and interpretation, as well as specific projects.

Firstly, the forum creates a platform for strengthening policy dialogue to serve China-Italy

9 Reference: Wen Zheng, "An Analysis of the Creation and Function of the China-Italy Cultural Forum," Annual

Development Report of Italy (2019–2020): 50 Years of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between China and Italy,

edited by Sun Yanhong, Social Sciences Academic Press (China), June 2020.

bilateral ties. This is most evidently reflected in the joint effort to combat illicit trafficking and

smuggling of cultural relics. In 2019, the Italian government returned 796 lost cultural relics to

China, as the most eye-catching event for the Chinese society in the field of cultural exchanges

and cooperation. On March 23, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe

Conte witnessed in Rome the exchange of Certificates on the Repatriation of 796 Chinese

Cultural Relics and Artworks between the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's

Republic of China and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism of the Italian

Republic. On April 10, this batch of Chinese artifacts arrived in Beijing, marking the largest scale

of cultural relics returns over the past 20 years, which was well received by people from all works

of life in China. Chinese cultural relics lost overseas are an important and inseparable part of

China's cultural heritage. Attaching great importance to repatriating lost cultural relics, China has

signed bilateral agreements with 21 countries, including Italy, the US and India, to prevent the

theft, clandestine excavation and illicit entry and exit of cultural property. However, the

repatriation of lost cultural relics is challenging due to differences between Chinese and foreign

laws and difficulties in determining the ownership of cultural relics. With the establishment of

China-Italy Cultural Forum, the two countries have strengthened policy dialogue and bolstered

the resolve to protect cultural relics and crack down on smuggling through cooperation. Taking

full advantage of this forum for judicial and diplomatic cooperation, the two governments and

relevant departments concerned ultimately succeeded in the one-time return of these cultural

relics to China.

Secondly, the forum plays the role of "project incubator" to promote exchanges and cooperation

between cultural and artistic institutions of the two countries. The twinning of UNESCO World

Heritage Sites is one of the important outcomes of the First Plenary Meeting of the China-Italy

Cultural Forum held in 2017. With the largest number of UNESCO-recognized natural and

cultural heritage, China and Italy share a solid foundation for twinning their World Heritage Sites

for the purpose of mutual learning, mutual support and common development.10 The twining

relationship creates more possibilities for respective development, so that the two sites and even

the two countries may carry out diversified exchanges and cooperation to find a proper balance

between cultural heritage perseveration and development, between social value and economic

benefits and between practical functionality and historical significance and realize the dynamic

preservation and development of tangible cultural heritage. It is in this way that the China-Italy

Cultural Forum facilitate project incubation. This is fully reflected in the twinning cooperation

between the Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces and the Vineyard Landscape of

Piedmont Langhe-Roero and Monferrato in March 2019. The administrations of the twin World

Heritage Sites have actively carried out mutual visits, studied the management and operation

mode, and exchanged views on areas and topics of common interest. They agree to take the

10 As of 2021, the UNESCO World Heritage List included 58 World Heritage Sites from Italy and 56 from China,

ranking first and second in the world respectively.

friendship as an opportunity to enhance cultural exchanges and economic and trade cooperation

between the two sites and to jointly explore the experience of world cultural heritage management

and development, so as to truly turn the "world cultural heritage" into the common wealth of all

mankind.

Furthermore, the forum gives full play to cultural cohesion by enabling the general public to

participate in and benefit from bilateral cultural exchanges and cooperation in various ways.

Nanjing Creative Design Center Co., Ltd is a Chinese member of the China-Italy Cultural Forum.

At the Nanjing Tech Week opening in June 2019, the Center took advantage of its membership to

introduce Italian high-end cultural and creative resources into Nanjing through channels under the

forum. It established the Italian Overseas Design and Innovation Center (Nanjing) in Qinhuai

District and the "China City of Design" in Xuanwu District, which will help Nanjing realize the

goal of "Top City of Innovation." At the 2019 Nanjing Creative Design Week, the Center

highlighted Italian design elements in the "International Design Cooperation Special Unit" based

on its linkage advantage and cooperated with top Italian designers in the fields of home,

architectural and industrial design to revitalize the ancient capital city Nanjing. It should be

mentioned that such exchanges are bidirectional. The Center encourages Nanjing's local designers

and design institutions to participate in international first-class exhibitions such as the Venice

Biennale and Milan Triennale and showcase the culture of Nanjing and the strength of Chinese

designers on the world stage. Besides, the Nanjing Database of Italian Talents in Creative Design

established by the Center facilitates the access of Chinese people to professional services

provided by Italian high-end designers and creates opportunities for Italian professionals to enter

the Chinese market.

(3) Success of the 2022 China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism

Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Italian counterpart Sergio Mattarella agreed to launch the

China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism during his visit to Italy in 2019. The China-Italy Year of

Culture and Tourism opened grandly in Rome in January 2020, and restarted in 2022 after agreed

postponement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the global political landscape has

dramatically changed with the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in early 2022. Under such

new complicated context, the 2022 China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism still met with great

success, thanks to the effective communication between the heads of state, prime ministers, and

foreign ministers of the two countries, as well as the strong support from the China-Italy Cultural

Forum.

As an important part of the China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism, the exhibition titled "Tota

Italia––Origin of a Nation" was held at the National Museum of China in 2022. Chinese President

Xi Jinping and Italian President Sergio Mattarella sent respectively congratulatory letters to the

opening ceremony of this exhibition. More than 20 museums across Italy actively joined the

cultural authorities in exhibition planning and preparation, presenting more than 500 precious

antiques of artistic value, cultural connotation and historical significance to Chinese audiences.

Another two fine Italian cultural and art exhibitions rarely seen in the rest of the world were also

displayed in China, with the themes of "Uffizi Self-Portrait Masterpieces" and "100 Years of

Modern Art" respectively. Likewise, China launched a series of high-quality programs throughout

2022 in Italian cities such as Rome, Milan, Venice, Florence, Naples, Bologna and Verona,

covering performing arts, visual arts, cultural heritage, tourism, creative design and other fields.

For example, China's National Pavilion at the 59th International Art Exhibition successfully

delivered the exhibition with the theme of "Yuan-Jing" or "Meta-Scrape" from April 23 to

November 27. The exhibition "Great Aspirations––Qi Baishi's Artistic World" met the Italian

audiences at the Fabbrica del Vapore Cultural Center in Milan from October 28 to November 26.

Exchanges on food culture are naturally essential to the China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism

as both countries are world-renowned for their cuisines. The Italian government launched the

First Week of Italian Cuisine in the World in 2016 and has organized related activities in various

parts of China for seven consecutive years in an effort to promote local exchanges. It is worth

noting that the 2020 Week of Italian Cuisine in the World saw for the first time the participation

of Chinese air catering companies. From November 23 to 29, Eastern Air Catering Co., Ltd,

together with the Italian organizers, hosted an Italian food and culture week with the theme of

"Food and Taste Without Boundaries" in the V21S lounge at Shanghai Hongqiao International

Airport Terminal T2. Passengers could taste special Italian cuisine at the main venue V21S, the

first VIP lounge of China Eastern Airlines that applies the "wait first, check in later" mode outside

the restricted area. This event demonstrates that China-Italy exchanges and cooperation in food

culture has gone deeper. As one of the important activities under the 2022 China-Italy Year of

Culture and Tourism, "Face to Face, Paste to Pasta" was co-hosted by the Bureau of International

Exchanges and Cooperation of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and people.cn from

November 21, 2022 to January 14, 2023. Sponsored by the China International Cultural

Association, the event invited chefs, food bloggers and food lovers to showcase their noodle and

pasta making skills and share food and cultural stories via talks, live-streaming shows and

documentaries. Relying on the broad mass with food as a bridge, the event contributed to the

integration and sense of fit between the two cultures. The related videos have received nearly one

million views on social media accounts at home and abroad.

Besides, during the 2022 China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism, two pairs of twin World

Heritage Sites, namely the West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou and the City of Verona;

and the Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces and the Vineyard Landscape of

Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato, further deepened cooperation by co-producing

documentaries, delivering joint exhibitions and promoting each other's tourism resources.11

11 Reference: Wen Zheng, "Review and Analysis of 2022 ‘China-Italy Year of Culture and Tourism’", in Annual

Development Report of Italy (2022–2023): Italy Struggling to "Change" under the Russia-Ukraine Conflict, edited by

Sun Yanhong, Social Sciences Academic Press (China), June 2023.

V. Third-party Market Cooperation Making Robust Progress

(1) Overview of third-party market cooperation

Third-party market cooperation is a new model of international cooperation proposed by China

under the Belt and Road Initiative framework to translate the principles of "extensive consultation,

joint contribution and shared benefits" into practical actions. China's National Development and

Reform Commission (NDRC) issued a guiding document––Third-Party Market Cooperation:

Guidelines and Cases in September 2019, setting forth the definition, vision and principles of

third-party market cooperation. Third-party market cooperation refers to economic cooperation

among Chinese enterprises (including those in the financial sector) and business of relevant

countries in third-party markets. It is an open and inclusive international cooperation model that

can help Chinese business community and its international counterparts to draw upon each other's

strength and work together for better industrial development and infrastructure improvement and

higher living standards in third countries, achieving the effect of 1+1+1>3.

Italy is an early EU country engaged in third-party market cooperation with China. An

inter-government working mechanism for third-party market cooperation has been established

and improved since the Seventh Joint Meeting of the China-Italy Governmental Committee in

May 2016. The two countries signed the MOU on Third-Party Market Cooperation during the

visit of Italian Deputy PM Di Maio to China in September 2018. The First China-Italy

Third-Party Market Cooperation Forum was held by NDRC and the Italian Ministry of Economic

Development in Rome on March 22, 2019 during the visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Italy.

Chinese President Xi Jinping and Italian President Sergio Mattarella met with some

representatives of enterprises at the event and delivered important speeches. In recent years,

China-Italy third-party market cooperation in West Asia, Africa and other regions has made

headway, forming an important and useful supplement to the bilateral cooperation in various

fields.

(2) Cases of third-party market cooperation

The above-mentioned document Third-Party Market Cooperation: Guidelines and Cases includes

21 cases in five categories, including cooperation in products and services, engineering,

investment, and industry and finance combination, as well as strategic cooperation among

businesses. Among the cases of cooperation in engineering is the cooperation between China

CAMC Engineering Co., Ltd (CAMCE) and Danieli on the integrated steel mill complex project

in Azerbaijan. For cooperation in engineering, Chinese business and their international

counterparts collaborate on projects in third-party markets in such forms as engineering,

procurement and construction (EPC) contracting, subcontracting and joint bidding. In December

2018, CAMCE signed a 42-month EPC contract worth $1.17 billion with Azerbaijan company

Baku Steel in Beijing to build a comprehensive steel plant with an annual output of 1.25 million

tons of direct reduced iron (DRI) and 700,000 tons of plate products. In March 2019, CAMCE

and Danieli exchanged project equipment contracts in Rome, under the witness of the heads of

state of China and Italy. CAMCE is the general contractor of the turnkey project, responsible for

the supply of the pelletizing plant, cold rolling plant, and public works of the plants. Danieli, as

designated technology partner, is responsible for the supply of direct reduction plant, hot rolling

and steelmaking plant. Upholding the principles of innovative, coordinated, green, open and

shared development, the cooperation between the two companies set a landmark and example for

third-party market cooperation in infrastructure between China and Italy.

Another typical case of third-party market cooperation between China and Italy is the cooperation

between PowerChina and Bonifica on the Transaqua project. The project plans to replenish Lake

Chad by transferring water through some canals from the Congo and Shari rivers. Lake Chad

used to be one of the largest freshwater lakes in Africa, but it has been shrinking rapidly over the

last half century or so, from 25,000 km2 in 1960 to 1,500 km2 today. The water transfer project

would revive Lake Chad, and with the construction of dams and power plants along the canals,

would have a direct impact on the regional development and bring great economic benefits to

Congo, Central Africa, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad. With an estimated cost of $14 billion,

the Transaqua project was proposed more than three decades ago by Italian engineering firm

Bonifica, but has been put on hold for a variety of reasons until the joining of Chinese firms. In

2017, Bonifica entered into an agreement for joint development of the Transaqua project with

PowerChina under the coordination of the Lake Chad Basin Commission and the Nigerian

government. The two companies agreed to allocate $3.5 million for Transaqua feasibility study

($1.7 million from the Italian side and $1.8 million from the Chinese side), laying a scientific

foundation for the advancement and development of the water transfer project. The Italian side

spoke highly of the cooperation with the Chinese firm. Franco Bocchetto, Technical Director of

Bonifica, said that this infrastructure project of importance in central Africa has made a major

breakthrough with the presence of Chinese firms, and will become a demonstration project for

third-party market cooperation between China and Italy. The cooperation on the Lake Chad

project has been well received. Some Italian media believed that the involvement of Chinese

firms has revitalized the Transaqua project.12

Another important example of China-Italy third-party market cooperation in Africa is the Area 4

mega gas project in offshore Mozambique. This project is jointly developed and operated by

China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Eni, and energy companies from four other

countries, drawing widespread attention worldwide for its large scale and global partner diversity.

It is located in Ruvuma offshore, northeastern Mozambique. Huge natural gas reserves have been

discovered in this block since 2010, representing the largest natural gas field ever found in the

12Reference: Shidou, "The Third-Party Market Cooperation between China and Italy in Africa and its Prospect," in

Annual Development Report of Italy (2019–2020): 50 Years of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China

and Italy, edited by Sun Yanhong, Social Sciences Academic Press (China), June 2020.

sub-Saharan region. Unfortunately, large-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects in

Mozambique had been slowed by war and local social unrest. The Area 4 mega gas project is the

world's first ultra-deepwater floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility to operate at a water

depth of more than 2,000m. This world-class facility integrates the most cutting-edge deep-sea

FLNG technology and supports the entire industrial chain from ultra-deep-sea natural gas

exploration and development to LNG processing and sales. In 2013, CNPC signed an agreement

with Eni to acquire a 28.57% stake of Eni East Africa, which equates to a 20% indirect interest in

Area 4. CNPC has since worked with Eni and four other partners (ExxonMobil, Empresa

Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos, Galp Energia, and KOGAS) to promote the project. In 2017, a final

investment decision was made on the project. In June of the same year, the Coral South FLNG

project was officially launched. It comprises six subsea wells tied-back using subsea manifolds

and umbilical cables to a FLNG vessel capable of producing 5.4 billion m3 of natural gas and 3.3

million tons of LNG per year. That is to say, the facility realizes offshore natural gas

pre-treatment, liquefaction, storage, loading and unloading. The project came on stream in

offshore East Africa after about five years, despite multiple tests and technical difficulties such as

the COVID-19 pandemic and regional instability. In November 2022, the first shipment of LNG

produced by the FLNG facility departed, which is also the first shipment of LNG from East

Africa. It marks the beginning of Mozambique's emergence as LNG exporter in the global market.

This project has greatly contributed to global LNG supply, Mozambique's economic development,

and added revenues of CNPC, Eni and other partners, setting a fine example of mutually

beneficial win-win cooperation among all parties.

(3) Prospects of third-party market cooperation

As in the above projects of third-party market cooperation, China and Italy have upheld the

philosophy of open, green and clean cooperation, followed the principles of planning, building

and benefiting together with third-party beneficiaries, adopted an enterprise-based,

market-oriented approach while observing business principles and international practices, and

truly realized high-standard, people-centered and sustainable cooperation. Facts have proved that

enhanced third-party market cooperation between in Asia, Africa and other regions can facilitate

information sharing, industrial integration and talent sharing and benefit third-party market

countries by providing better and more competitive products and projects, pushing forward

industrialization and agricultural modernization and effectively improving the living standards. In

the future, China and Italy may continue to strengthen third-party market cooperation in the fields

of transportation and infrastructure, renewable energy and agriculture. For example, Africa is the

second richest continent in renewable energy after Asia, with a potential renewable energy

generation capacity of 42,000TW by 2050, according to the International Energy Agency's

estimates. Seven of the ten most potential countries by solar and wind energy are from Africa.

Italy is currently one of the most active EU investors while China remains a major investor in

African renewable energy development. They can carry out priority cooperation in sustainable

energy and environment, as identified in the China-Italy Action Plan for Strengthening Economic,

Trade, Cultural and Technological Cooperation (2017~2020). In recent years, Eni has signed

MOUs with State Grid, China Huaneng Group, China National Nuclear Corporation and many

other enterprises, planning to cooperate in the fields of renewable energy and smart grid. It can be

foreseen that the space for China-Italy cooperation in Africa as an emerging third-party market is

very broad.

VI. Enhanced People-to-People Bond Through Thick and Thin

(1) Long-standing tradition of mutual support in difficult times

The time-honored friendly ties between China and Italy go beyond political, economic and trade,

technological and cultural dimensions. The governments and people of the two countries also

share a long-standing tradition of mutual support in times of adversity, which has effectively

enhanced the people-to-people bond.

Italy was one of the largest European providers of grants to China throughout the 1980s. As early

as 1988, the Italian government donated to Sichuan province for building the largest emergency

center at that time in China, with additional medical equipment worth about $3 million at then

prices. This center, now known as Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, still plays an important

role in local medical services. Italy was also the first EU nation to lend a helping hand to China

after the outbreak of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. It sent two planes of relief supplies

including tents, blankets, medical equipment and food to the disaster-stricken areas, and

dispatched more than 20 first-aid specialists, medical staff and volunteers to set up a mobile

hospital and treat the wounded at the risk of their lives. Noting the central Italy earthquake in

August 2016 that caused heavy casualties and property losses, Chinese President Xi Jinping and

PM Li Keqiang sent messages of condolence to Italian counterparts Mattarella and Renzi

respectively, and Chinese Ambassador to Italy Li Ruiyu donated $100,000 on behalf of the Red

Cross Society of China to the Italian Red Cross. The Association of Chinese Enterprises and the

Federation of Overseas Chinese in Italy also made donations respectively, and the Chinese civil

rescue team Ramnion sent more than a dozen personnel for rescue operations in disaster-stricken

areas.

(2) Mutual support through the COVID-19 pandemic

After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the governments and people of China and

Italy stood together, providing each other with a lot of valuable support and assistance.

On February 2, 2020, shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak in China, Italian President Mattarella

sent a message of condolence to Chinese President Xi Jinping, extending sincere greetings to

Chinese friends on behalf of the Italian people and on his own behalf. In a positive response to

the public solidarity, President Xi said that President Mattarella expressed his support and faith in

China at a critical moment when the Chinese people were sparing no effort to combat the

epidemic. He assured that China would definitely be able to defeat the epidemic, stressing that the

country has taken the strongest preventive and control measures in a responsible manner to the

Chinese people and the international community. On February 13, Mattarella hosted a special

concert at the presidential palace, which was broadcast live by state-run TV channels to show

friendship and solidarity with the Chinese people. Many activities in support of China were also

organized in the political circle. In early February, Italian Minister of Economy and Finance

Roberto Gualtieri, Mayor of Rome Virginia Raggi, President of Lombardy Attilio Fontana, and

Mayor of Milan Giuseppe Sala respectively expressed their condolences to the local Chinese

people while dining with them at Chinese restaurants in Rome and Milan. Mayor of Florence

Dario Nardella launched an initiative on Twitter called "#Hug a Chinese Person" , to which many

Italian netizens responded positively by uploading photos of themselves hugging Chinese people.

A flash mob organized by Naples on the theme of "Hug Chinese" received support and response

from many local people, who took to the streets chanting "Go Wuhan, Go China!" in Italian.

The Italian government provided as many anti-epidemic materials as possible to China. In

February 2020, Italy sent three cargo planes of medical supplies to Wuhan, including masks,

protective clothing, goggles, latex gloves, thermometers and other protective equipment, which

were then transported to the more serious areas of China. In fact, these invaluable supplies were

almost all that the Italian government could mobilize at that time. There was temporarily no

supply of masks in Italy itself when hit by COVID-19 later.

At a critical moment when COVID-19 spread rapidly in Italy, Chinese State Councilor and

Foreign Minister Wang Yi spoke with Italian Foreign Minister Di Maio by phone on February 28

and March 10, 2020 respectively to extend his condolences to the Italian people. He said that

China is ready to provide assistance within its capacity according to the needs of the Italian side.

After that, Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a message of condolence to Italian President

Mattarella on March 11 and hold a phone conversation with Italian PM Conte on March 16,

expressing China's willingness to work together with Italy to combat the pandemic. On March 12,

a team of nine medical experts from the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of

China and the Red Cross Society of China arrived in Rome on a chartered flight of China Eastern

Airlines. The first team to Italy was accompanied by the Chinese donations of 31 tons of medical

supplies, including ventilators, monitors, defibrillators and visual laryngoscopes. They shared

China's experience in epidemic prevention and control in a targeted manner based on exchanges

with the Italian side on the local epidemic situation. On March 18, the second medical expert

team comprised of 13 representatives from Zhejiang Province arrived in Milan with a large

number of medical supplies. They went to the "red zone" Bergamo, worked at the infectious

disease hospital Ospedale Luigi Sacco, set up the "Cloud-assisted" anti-epidemic platform, and

carried out remote "diagnosis and treatment talks" with Italian hospitals. On March 25, a team of

14 medical experts from Fujian Province arrived in Milan with more than 10 tons of medical

supplies, and then worked in the Tuscany region. Considering that normal international flights

were suspended amid the pandemic, the important support of airlines in the anti-epidemic

cooperation between China and Italy should be mentioned. For example, China Eastern Airlines

operated more than 20 flights of medical supplies and experts to Italy, in addition to the three

chartered flights mentioned above.

It is noteworthy that remote video link served as an important channel for China-Italy cooperation

in the fight against COVID-19. On March 4, 2023, Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of

Science and Technology in Wuhan and Niguarda Hospital in Milan had the first remote video call

since the COVID-19 outbreak to share experiences in disease treatment. This set an example for

subsequent extensive online anti-epidemic cooperation between the two countries. On March 26

and April 2, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the Consulate General of

Italy in Shanghai organized two "transnational cloud conferences" with hospitals in Turin, Padua,

Vicenza and Prato for in-depth academic exchanges on the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 10,

the West China Hospital of Sichuan University and the Medical School of University of Bari

conducted exchanges by video on epidemic prevention and control under the theme of "Share

Weal and Woe."

In addition, Chinese people from all walks of life extended helping hands to Italy in the fight

against the epidemic. At the enterprise level, the Bank of China donated 50 ventilators and

100,000 medical masks to Italy in March 2020, which were immediately rushed to the relevant

hospitals in Lombardy and Milan. Huawei Italia donated 1,000 sets of protective suits and

200,000 medical masks to hospitals in Milan, provided access to Huawei Cloud Welink and the

latest Huawei Wifi6 network service to 10 temporary hospitals in Italy, and created a special

videoconferencing platform with its local partners. Alibaba and Jack Ma Foundation donated 1

million masks, 100,000 test kits, 100 ventilators and 50,000 sets of protective suits to Italy

through the Italian Red Cross. COSCO Shipping donated protective materials worth ¥450,000

among others to Liguria. At the local level, many Chinese provinces and cities concerned were

active to assist Italian sister cities. For example, Guangdong Province donated 200,000 medical

masks to Puglia and Emilia-Romagna; Guangzhou City donated 400,000 medical masks and 400

infrared thermometers to Milan, Padua, Turin, Genoa and Bari; Jiangsu Province donated 50,000

medical masks to Tuscany and Veneto each; Shanghai City donated 50,000 protective masks to

Lombardy; Pengzhou City of Sichuan Province donated 10,000 medical masks to Vercelli; and

the Blazing Youth Community of Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province mobilized the civil society to

donate several batches of goggles, masks, disposable medical gloves and other supplies to Italy.

Besides, almost all industry associations, colleges and universities, foundations, alumni

associations, charities and other civil organizations in China actively supported their Italian

partners with masks and other medical protective materials. From February to June 2020, totally

12 flights carrying supplies donated by the Chinese community through the Italian Embassy in

China arrived in Italy successively, said Italian Ambassador to China Luca Ferrari in an interview,

in addition to the shipment of medical supplies donated by Chinese governments, enterprises,

organizations and individuals at all levels.13

On the whole, the anti-epidemic cooperation carried between China and Italy in various forms has

13 Reference: Zhang Fan, "A Review of China-Italy Cooperation in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic," in Annual

Development Report of Italy (2020–2021): Italy under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, edited by Sun Yanhong,

Social Sciences Academic Press (China), August 2021.

been successful. Despite differences in national conditions, culture, medical means and people's

perceptions, through exchanges and dialogues, the two countries have gained valuable experience

in jointly dealing with global infectious diseases and enhanced mutual understanding and

friendship between the two peoples. A very impressive cartoon created by Aurora Cantone, a girl

from Naples, was featured in the media of the two countries in March 2020, depicting Chinese

and Italian doctors "holding up" the Apennine Peninsula with their bodies. While overseas public

opinions towards China were generally negative shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak, the topic

"China Eastern Airlines' Overseas Assistance" was created on Facebook to introduce the

company's delivery of supplies and medical experts to Italy. The topic had a natural readership of

more than 400,000 in 24 hours. Hundreds of Italian netizens flocked to the China Eastern Airlines

official account, flooding the screen with messages such as "Thank China Eastern Airlines,"

"Thank China," and "May the friendship between China and Italy last forever." The related

content later received the attention and recognition of Italian government officials, including the

former PM, the former and current Foreign Ministers and the President of the Italian Red Cross.

Summary and Outlook

This report has examined the progress, characteristics and trends of pragmatic cooperation

between China and Italy since the establishment of diplomatic relations, in particular, over the

past two decades after the inauguration of comprehensive strategic partnership, and come to three

basic conclusions.

First of all, pragmatic cooperation for mutual benefit and win-win results has always been the

central theme of China-Italy bilateral ties since the establishment of diplomatic relations,

regardless of changes in the international landscape. China and Italy, without any territorial

dispute, have always treated each other with mutual respect and equality and gradually set up a

model of friendly ties between countries with different cultural backgrounds, social systems and

economic development stages. The experiences in promoting ties and the results achieved in

cooperation not only pave a solid foundation for further advancing their bilateral ties in the future,

but also provide a reference for the development of bilateral ties between China and other

European countries.

Secondly, the cooperation between China and Italy have gradually gone to deeper levels with

different modes and contents since the establishment of diplomatic relations, largely since the

inauguration of comprehensive strategic partnership. Such significant changes are related to the

inertia of cooperation between the two countries and more driven by the evolving international

and domestic environments. In particular, China's growing economic strength and comprehensive

national strength are the most important variables affecting the development and trajectory of

China-Italy ties and cooperation. As a result, economic and trade cooperation has become the

"ballast stone" of China-Italy bilateral ties.

Thirdly, China and Italy have consistently given prominence to cultural exchanges and

cooperation. While economic and trade cooperation has brought tangible material benefits to the

people of the two countries, cultural exchanges and cooperation have added rich and great

spiritual enjoyment for the two peoples. China and Italy are both recognized as culturally strong

nations that have left a bright mark in the history of East-West exchanges. Today, they still adhere

to the principles of mutual attraction, mutual appreciation, mutual learning and mutual

enhancement in cultural exchanges and cooperation. The unique cultural interactions have given a

strong boost to the people-to-people bond, and will continue to underpin the development of

bilateral cooperation on all fronts to higher level and quality.

At the global level, the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have exerted a

profound impact on the international landscape, noticeably on the relations between great powers.

China-Italy cooperation becomes more vulnerable to geopolitical factors while China-EU

cooperation gets more complicated and fragile. Nevertheless, it is necessary and more urgent than

ever for China and Italy to strengthen pragmatic cooperation, in order to promote economic

recovery and sustained growth and meet various global challenges. As outstanding representatives

of Eastern and Western civilizations, the relationship between China and Italy has transcended the

bilateral sphere. The two countries shoulder great responsibilities in promoting equality and

mutual learning among civilizations, pushing the steady development of the world economy and

safeguarding world peace. With the 20th anniversary of their comprehensive strategic partnership

coming in 2024, China and Italy should work together to maintain bilateral pragmatic cooperation,

give more and fresh impetus to China-EU cooperation under the new complex context, and

restore stability to the turbulent world.

http://ies.cass.cn/en/publication/report/202312/W020231227456850400483.pdf

Xi Jinping and French President Emmanuel Macron Jointly Meet the Press

Updated: May 07, 2024 17:49

On the afternoon of May 6, 2024 local time, President Xi Jinping and French President Emmanuel Macron jointly met the press after their talks at the Elysée Palace in Paris.

https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zy/jj/xjpdfsxjxgsfw/202405/t20240507_11300643.html

July 1, 1921 was the date the Chinese Communist Party was founded and by revolutionaries such as Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu.

But in the years before the party was formed, thousands of Chinese students went to France to work and study. There is a museum to French-Chinese friendship in the town, where visitors can learn how and why thousands of young Chinese people came to France – with hundreds coming specifically to Montargis.

The Chinese Communist Party's links to a corner of France

Updated 02:02, 27-Jan-2024

Ross Cullen in Montargis

https://newseu.cgtn.com/news/2021-06-28/The-Chinese-Communist-Party-s-roots-in-a-corner-of-central-France-10DEEkl8Exi/index.html

Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran

The current Rector is Cardinal Archpriest Baldassare Reina, Vicar General for the Diocese of Rome[4] since 6 October 2024. The president of the French Republic, currently Emmanuel Macron, is ex officio the "First and Only Honorary Canon" of the archbasilica, a title that the heads of state of France have possessed since King Henry IV.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran

The Art of War

The book was translated into French and published in 1772 by the French priest Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot; it was re-published in 1782. A partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910.[2] Military and political leaders such as the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong, Japanese daimyō Takeda Shingen, and Vietnamese general Võ Nguyên Giáp are cited along with American military generals Douglas MacArthur and Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. as having drawn inspiration from the book.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_War

AI Overview

Former French Culture Minister Jack Lang and Prince Andrew are both linked to investigations regarding the Jeffrey Epstein case as of early 2026. While Lang faces scrutiny over alleged financial links and is under investigation in France, Prince Andrew has been connected to the case through photographs and allegations of trafficking.

YouTube

Former French minister Lang resigns from Arab World Institute over Epstein ties

By Reuters

February 7, 20269:46 AM PST Updated February 7, 2026

PARIS, Feb X (Reuters) - Jack Lang, a former French culture minister under President Francois Mitterrand, has resigned as president of the Arab World Institute, the French Foreign Affairs ministry said on Saturday, a decision taken under pressure over Lang's ties to the late financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.

https://www.reuters.com/world/former-french-minister-lang-resigns-arab-world-institute-over-epstein-ties-2026-02-07/

François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand[a] (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was President of France from 1981 to 1995. He was the longest holder of that position in the history of France and the first left-wing politician to assume the presidency under the Fifth Republic.

Peru: Grand Cross with Diamonds of the Order of the Sun (10 October 1987)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand

Pope Leo XIV[a] (born Robert Francis Prevost,[b] pronounced /ˈpriːvoʊst/ PREE-vohst,[3][c] September 14, 1955) is the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City since May 2025.

Prevost joined the Augustinian mission in Peru in 1985, serving as chancellor of the Territorial Prelature of Chulucanas, as well as an aide to bishop John McNabb. Much of his work in his first year in Peru focused on disaster relief following severe El Niño rainstorms.[8][71]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIV

Fourteenth Rule. Although there is much truth in the assertion that no one can save himself without being predestined and without having faith and grace; we must be very cautious in the manner of speaking and communicating with others about all these things.

The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola

Jeffrey S. Burwell, SJ, Named Next Provincial of the Jesuits of Canada

March 15, 2024 — The Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) announced the appointment of Fr. Jeffrey S. Burwell, SJ, as the next provincial of the Jesuits of Canada.

https://www.jesuits.org/stories/jeffrey-s-burwell-sj-named-next-provincial-of-the-jesuits-of-canada/

Arturo Marcelino Sosa Abascal SJ (born 12 November 1948) is a Venezuelan Catholic priest who has served as the 31st superior general of the Society of Jesus since 2016.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Sosa

Etymology of Arturo

What does the name Arturo mean?

Arturo is derived from the Breton given names Artuir and Arthur. This personal name is of very ancient origin and is derived from the Celtic word art, which means bear.

https://www.houseofnames.com/arturo-family-crest

Arturo Sosa is retiring as Jesuit Superior General by 2028 for Jeffrey Burwell to be elected Jesuit Superior General of the Society of Jesus, Arturo Sosa is an agent for the Beast of Revelation, French President Emmanuel Macron, ex officio the "First and Only Honorary Canon" of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, and Chinese President Xi Jinping.

The Mayor of Rome Italy, Roberto Gualtieri, is allied with Emmanuel Macron, and looks like will be mayor of Rome to the year 2031.

Revelation 17:16

1599 Geneva Bible

16 And the ten [a]horns which thou sawest upon the beast, are they that shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate, and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2017%3A16&version=GNV

Pope Leo XIV[a] (born Robert Francis Prevost,[b] pronounced /ˈpriːvoʊst/ PREE-vohst,[2][c] September 14, 1955) is the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City. He is the first pope to have been born in the United States, the first to hold either U.S. or Peruvian citizenships, the first from the Order of Saint Augustine, and the second (after his immediate predecessor Pope Francis) from the Americas.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIV

Roberto Gualtieri (born 19 July 1966) is an Italian historian and politician of the Democratic Party (PD), incumbent Mayor of Rome since 2021 and Minister of Economy and Finances in the second government of Giuseppe Conte from 2019 until 2021.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Gualtieri

Trump, Vance meet with Pope Leo's Florida brother, 'a major MAGA fan', at White House

Kim Luciani

USA TODAY NETWORK - Florida

May 22, 2025, 12:58 p.m. ET

Key Points AI-assisted summary

President Donald Trump met with Pope Leo XIV's brother, LOUIS Prevost, at the White House.

https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2025/05/22/trump-pope-leo-florida-maga-brother-louis-prevost-white-house-visit/83773944007/

̶A̶ ̶p̶a̶p̶a̶l̶ ̶r̶e̶n̶u̶n̶c̶i̶a̶t̶i̶o̶n̶ ̶(̶L̶a̶t̶i̶n̶:̶ ̶r̶e̶n̶u̶n̶t̶i̶a̶t̶i̶o̶)̶,̶ ̶a̶l̶s̶o̶ ̶c̶a̶l̶l̶e̶d̶ ̶a̶ ̶p̶a̶p̶a̶l̶ ̶a̶b̶d̶i̶c̶a̶t̶i̶o̶n̶,̶ ̶o̶c̶c̶u̶r̶s̶ ̶w̶h̶e̶n̶ ̶t̶h̶e̶ ̶c̶u̶r̶r̶e̶n̶t̶ ̶p̶o̶p̶e̶ ̶o̶f̶ ̶t̶h̶e̶ ̶C̶a̶t̶h̶o̶l̶i̶c̶ ̶C̶h̶u̶r̶c̶h̶ ̶v̶o̶l̶u̶n̶t̶a̶r̶i̶l̶y̶ ̶r̶e̶s̶i̶g̶n̶s̶ ̶h̶i̶s̶ ̶p̶o̶s̶i̶t̶i̶o̶n̶.̶ ̶

̶h̶t̶t̶p̶s̶:̶/̶/̶e̶n̶.̶w̶i̶k̶i̶p̶e̶d̶i̶a̶.̶o̶r̶g̶/̶w̶i̶k̶i̶/̶P̶a̶p̶a̶l̶_̶r̶e̶n̶u̶n̶c̶i̶a̶t̶i̶o̶n̶

Pope John Paul I[a] (born Albino Luciani;[b] 17 October 1912 – 28 September 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I

On 13 May 1981, in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City, Pope John Paul II was shot and wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca while he was entering the square.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Pope_John_Paul_II

SAKO Limited (natively Sako Oy)[1] is a Finnish firearm and ammunition manufacturer located in Riihimäki, Kanta-Häme in southern Finland.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAKO

And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.

Revelation 13:3

LOUIS Raphaël I Sako (Arabic: لويس روفائيل ساكو;[1] born 4 July 1948) is a Chaldean Catholic prelate who has served as Patriarch of Baghdad since 1 February 2013. Pope Francis made him a cardinal on 28 June 2018.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Rapha%C3%ABl_I_Sako

The word asas in Arabic means "PRINCIPLE". The Asāsiyyūn (plural, from literary Arabic) were, as defined in Arabic, the principle people.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Assassins

PRINCIPLE AND FOUNDATION

The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola

TRANSLATED FROM

THE AUTOGRAPH

FATHER ELDER MULLAN, S.J.

I.H.S.

NEW YORK

P.J. KENEDY & SONS

PRINTERS TO THE HOLY APOSTOLIC SEE

https://ia601603.us.archive.org/32/items/spiritualexercis00ignauoft/spiritualexercis00ignauoft.pdf

When Attalus, the Pontiff and King of Pergamos, died in 133BC, he bequested the Headship of the "Babylonian Priesthood" to Rome. William B. Barker in his book "Lares and Penates cracks open the codeword Pergamos as used by St. John in Revelation 2:13. He writes: "The Chaldean Magi enjoyed a long period of prosperity at Babylon. A pontiff appointed by the sovereign ruled over a college of seventy-two hierophants.... [just as the popes have 70 Cardinals] the defeated Chaldeans fled to Asia Minor, and fixed their central college at Pergamos, and too the Palladium of Babylon, the CUBIC stone [believed to represent Cybele or Kybele, the mother goddess] with them. Here, independent of state control, they carried on the rites of their religion, and plotted against the peace of the Persian Empire, caballing with the Greeks for that purpose."

Thus we see that the Chaldeans continued to wield political and religious influence, injecting thier presence into the next world empire. When the city was later given to Rome (Rome acquired the city of Pergamos by decree of Attalus III, bequething his kingdom to the Roman Caesar), the priesthood of Pergamos moved to the new power center on the Italian peninsula."

page 504-505

"Kingdom of God or Masterpiece of Satan?-The Secret Doctrine"

Codeword Barbelon book One

by P.D. Stuart

The Kaaba (Arabic: الكعبة, romanized: al-Kaʿba, lit. 'the Cube'),[a] also spelled Kaʽba, Kaʽbah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʽba al-Musharrafa (Arabic: الكعبة المشرفة, lit. 'the Honored Ka'ba'),[b] is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.[2][3][4] It is considered by Muslims to be the Baytullah (Arabic: بيت اللَّٰه, lit. 'House of God') and determines the qibla (Arabic: قبلة, lit. 'direction of prayer') for Muslims around the world.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaba

The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Crusader state established in 1099, lasting until 1291, and played a significant role in the history of the Crusades and the Christian presence in the Holy Land.

Establishment and Duration

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was founded in 1099 during the First Crusade, when European Christians captured Jerusalem from Muslim control. It was one of the four main Crusader states established in the Levant, known collectively as the Outremer. The kingdom existed in two main periods: from its founding in 1099 until its fall in 1187 to Saladin, and then it was re-established after the Third Crusade in 1192, lasting until its final collapse in 1291 when Acre fell to Muslim forces.

Rashid al-Din Sinan (Arabic: راشد الدين سنان Rāshid ad-Dīn Sinān; 1131/1135 – 1193) also known as the Old Man of the Mountain (Arabic: شيخ الجبل Sheikh al-Jabal; Latin: Vetulus de Montanis),[1][2] was an Arab Muslim missionary (dāʿī)[3] who served as the leader of the Nizari Ismaili state and the Order of Assassins from 1162 until his death in 1193. An adherent of Nizari Ismailism, a branch of Shia Islam, he was a prominent figure during the Crusades.[4]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_ad-Din_Sinan

Al-Andalus[a] (Arabic: الأَنْدَلُس) was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain, Portugal[1] and France.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus

1236

June 29 – Siege of Córdoba: Castilian forces under King Ferdinand III (the Saint) capture Muslim Córdoba from Emir Ibn Hud, as part of the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula.[2]

July – At a diet (princely convention) in Piacenza, Emperor Frederick II proclaims his wish to recover all Italy for the Holy Roman Empire.[3]

Pope Gregory IX condemned the links that both the Knights Templer and Knights Hospitaller have with the Assassin fighters in the Middle East. He issues a bull, a formal proclamation issued by the pope, preventing further contact with the Assassins.

May 6 – Roger of Wendover, English Benedictine monk and chronicler, dies at St. Albans Abbey. His chronicle is continued by Matthew of Paris.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1236

Atheism: resisting it with all our forces is a special mission given to the Society by the supreme pontiff, 253 2°; a mission which should permeate all forms of our apostolate, 254; our efforts are to be directed toward nonbelievers, ibid.; toward that end, an experience of God must be fostered in ourselves, 223 §§3-4, 224, 247

1° 2° 3° 6°;

and also in others, by means of the Spiritual Exercises, 271

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES

SAINT LOUIS, 1996

https://web.archive.org/web/20200211182223/https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

The idea of uniting the Templars with the Hospitallers was first argued publicly in a book published in 1305 by Raimon Llull, a renowned illuminatus from Majorca. Llull’s book, Libre de Fine, (“Free At Last”) appeared in the midst of a raging controversy between the French monarchy and the Roman papacy over who held jurisdiction over the Templars. That is the subject of our next chapter.

Rulers of Evil

by F. Tupper Saussy

https://dn790006.ca.archive.org/0/items/rulers-of-evil-f.-tupper-saussy/Rulers%20of%20Evil%20-%20F.%20Tupper%20Saussy.pdf

Orders of the QUEST of The Holy Grail by MP Hall

The legends of chivalry are veiled accounts of man’s eternal search for truth. These beautiful stories are part of an orderly tradition, unfolding through the centuries and bearing witness to a well-organized program. Like the myths of classical antiquity, the hero tales are sacred rituals belonging to secret Fraternities perpetuating the esoteric doctrines of antiquity. The origin of the “Grail Legend” begins with Manes, whose philosophy has survived as the driving force behind Christian Mysticism. This tradition was perpetuated through the Troubadours, Knights Templar, Taliesin the Bard, secret Druid assemblies of Wales, King Arthur and the Round Table, Parsifal and Lohengrin. There are also parallels in the search for mysterious Shamballah, said to stand on the Imperishable Island in the midst of the Mongolia’s Gobi Desert.

https://theosophy.world/orders-quest-holy-grail-mp-hall

The Order – A Brief History

The origins of the eQUESTrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem date back to the First Crusade, when its leader, Godfrey de Bouillon, liberated Jerusalem. As part of his operations to organize the religious, military and public bodies of the territories newly freed from Muslim control, he founded the Order of Canons of the Holy Sepulchre. According to accounts of the Crusades, in 1103 the first King of Jerusalem, Baldwin I, assumed the leadership of this canonical order, and reserved the right for himself and his successors, as agents of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, to appoint Knights to it, should the Patriarch be absent or unable to do so.

https://eohsjeastern.org/a-brief-history/

The equus publicus (literally "horse bought by the commonwealth") was an honourable status in ancient Rome, granting its holder a military horse paid for by the state, along with the cost of its fodder for its whole life.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_publicus

Horses: the extent to which they can be possessed in our houses [575, 576]; the extent to which they can be used on missions [574, 625]

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES

SAINT LOUIS, 1996

The followers of Hasan Ibn Sabah were in contact with the Templars, and had a similar method of organization. They were in existence before the Templars were formed: “The Ismailians ([or] Assassins) was the original, and [folks] the Order of the Templars, [was] the copy.”

The Templars and the Assassins (aired March 2nd, 1993)

https://viefag.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/transcripts-of-william-cooper-s-mystery-babylon-series.pdf

"The secret purpose for the Knights Templar," according to J.R. Church, "was to preserve the

Merovingian bloodline in hopes of one day establishing a world government and putting their king upon the throne - a king who could claim to be the offspring of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene."28

The Knights had unofficially been in operation since 1114. At that earlier date they were known

as milice du Christ, soldiers of Christ. In March, 1117, King Baudoum I, who owed his throne to the Order of Sion, took the constitution of the Knights Templar to the Order of Sion for approval.

The Order of the Knights Templar was approved in 1118.

Scarlet and the Beast

by John Daniel

The Robertians (sometimes called the Robertines in modern scholarship) are a proposed Frankish noble family and royal dynasty, whose members were ancestors of the Capetian dynasty that ruled over the Kingdom of France and several other countries (currently Spain and Luxembourg). Prominent Robertian ancestors of the Capetian dynasty appear in historical records as powerful nobles serving under various rulers of the Carolingian dynasty, mainly in West Francia, which later became France.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertians

St. John Lateran Basilica in Rome is considered the mother church of all the Catholic churches in the Western world; inscribed on the church facade for all to see are the Latin words “omnium urbis et orbis ecclesiarum mater et CAPUT,” meaning, “The mother and HEAD of all the churches of the city and of the world.”

https://www.simplycatholic.com/st-john-lateran-basilica/

Caput Mundi is a Latin phrase which literally means "Head of the world" whereas Roma Caput Mundi means "Rome capital of the world" and is one of the many nicknames given to the city of Rome throughout its history.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caput_Mundi

Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart am Brusach), was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329.[1] Robert led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce

Trump Turnberry is a golf resort in Turnberry, South Ayrshire, located on the Firth of Clyde in southwest Scotland.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Turnberry

King Robert the Bruce

Ranked in Golf Digest's "Top 100 Greatest Golf Courses Worldwide"

Set amongst the ruins of Turnberry Castle, the said birthplace of King Robert the Bruce, this spectacular links course provides an unforgettable journey through Scotland’s most picturesque landscape.

https://www.turnberry.co.uk/king-robert-the-bruce

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIV

The Crowns of America

So often one hears politicians quoting the British Constitution as if it actually exists by way of adocumentary privilege — but it does not. It is simply an accumulation of old customs and precedents concerning parliamentary sanctions, together with a number of specific laws defining certain aspects. Since Scotland's 1320 Declaration of Arbroath was nullified by England's Treaty of Union in 1707, the oldest Written Constitution now in force is that of the United States of America. It was adopted in 1787, ratified in 1788, and effected in 1789. In that same year began the French Revolution, which abolished feudalism and ‘absolute’ monarchy in France, thereby influencing politics in much of Europe. In close to 200 years since the Revolution, France and other European States (with Britain as a noticeable exception) have adopted Written Constitutions to protect the rights and liberties of individuals — but who champions these Constitutions on behalf of the people? A popular alternative to absolute monarchy or dictatorship has been found in Republicanism. The Republic of the United States was created primarily to free the emergent nation from the despotism of Britain’s House of Hanover. Yet its citizens tend still to be fascinated by the concept of monarchy. No matter how Republican the spirit, the need for a central symbol remains. Neither a flag nor a president can fulfil this unifying role, for by virtue of the ‘party system’ presidents are always politically motivated. Republicanism was devised on the principle of fraternal status, yet an ideally classless society can never exist in an environment that promotes displays of eminence and superiority by degrees of wealth and possession. For the most part, those responsible for the United States’ morally inspired Constitution were Rosicrucians and Freemasons, notable characters such as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Charles Thompson. The last, who designed the Great Seal of the United States of America, was a member of Franklin’s American Philosophical Society — a counterpart of Britain’s Invisible College. The imagery of the Seal is directly related to alchemical tradition, inherited from the allegory of the ancient Egyptian Therapeutate. The eagle, the olive branch, the arrows, and the pentagrams are all occult symbols of opposites: good and evil, male and female, war and peace, darkness and light. On the reverse (as repeated on the dollar bill) is the truncated pyramid, indicating the loss of the Old Wisdom, severed and forced underground by the Church establishment. But above this are the rays of ever-hopeful light, incorporating the ‘all-seeing eye’, used as a symbol during the French Revolution.

In establishing their Republic, the Americans could still not escape the ideal of a parallel monarchy — a central focus of non-political, patriotic attachment. George Washington was actually offered kingship, but declined because he had no immediately qualifying heritage. Instead he turned to the Royal House of Stuart. In November 1782 four Americans arrived at the San Clemente Palazzo in Florence, the residence of Charles III Stuart in exile. They were Mr Galloway of Maryland, two brothers named Sylvester from Pennsylvania, and Mr Fish, a lawyer from New York. They were taken to Charles Edward by his secretary, John Stewart. Also present was the Hon Charles Hervey-Townshend (later Britain’s ambassador to The Hague) and the Prince's future wife, Marguerite, Comtesse de Massillan. The interview — which revolved around the contemporary transatlantic dilemma — is doctimented in the US Senate archives and in the Manorwater Papers. Writers such as Sir Compton Mackenzie and Sir Charles Petrie have also described the occasion when Charles Edward Stuart was invited to become ‘King of the Americans’. Some years earlier, Charles had been similarly approached by the men of Boston, but once the War of Independence was over George Washington sent his own envoys. It would have been a great irony for the House of Hanover to lose the North American colonies to the Stuarts. But Charles declined the offer for a number of reasons, not the least of which was his lack of a legitimate male heir at the time. He knew that without a due successor the United States could easily fall to Hanover again at his death, thereby defeating the whole Independence effort. Since those days, many other radical events have taken place: the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution, two major World Wars, and a host of changes as countries have swapped one style of government for another. Meanwhile, civil and international disputes continue just as they did in the Middle Ages. They are motivated by trade, politics, religion, and whatever other banners are flown to justify the constant struggle for territorial and economic control. The Holy Roman Empire has disappeared, the German Reichs have failed, and the British Empire has collapsed. The Russian Empire fell to Communism, which has itself been disgraced and crumbled to ruin, while Capitalism teeters on the very brink of acceptability. With the Cold War now ended, America faces a new threat to her superpower status from the Pacific countries. In the meantime, the nations of Europe band together in what was once a seemingly well conceived economic community, but which is already suffering from the same pressures of individual custom and national sovereignty that beset the Holy Roman Empire. Whether nations are governed by military-style regimes or elected parliaments, by autocrats or democrats, and whether formally described as monarchist, socialist or republican, the net product is always the same: the few control the fate of the many. In situations of dictatorship this is a natural experience — but it should not be the case in a democratic institution based on the principle of majority vote. True democracy is government by the people for the people, in either direct or representative form, ignoring class distinctions and tolerating minority views. The American Constitution sets out an ideal for this form of democracy ... but, in line with other nations, there is always a large sector of the community that is not represented by the party in power. Because presidents and prime ministers are politically tied, and because political parties take their respective turns at individual helms, the inevitable result is a lack of continuity for the nations concerned. This is not necessarily a bad thing, but there is no reliable ongoing institution to champion the civil rights and liberties of people in such conditions of ever-changing leadership. Britain does, at least, retain a monarchy, but it is a politically constrained monarchy, and as such is ineffectual in performing its role as guardian of the nation. The United States, unlike Britain, has a Written Constitution — but has no one with the power to uphold its principles against successive governments who determinedly pursue their own politically vested interests. Is there an answer to the anomaly — an answer that could bring not just a ray of hope but a shining light for the future? There certainly is, but its energy relies on those in governmental service appreciating their roles as ‘representatives’ of society rather than presuming to stand at the head of society. Alongside the political administration, an appointed Constitutional champion would be empowered to keep check on any potential disparities and infringements of the Constitution that might occur. This can be achieved in the manner first envisaged by George Washington and the American Fathers. Their original plan was for a democratic Parliament combined with a working Constitutional Monarchy bound not to Parliament or the Church but to the people and their Written Constitution. In such an environment, sovereignty would ultimately rest with the people, while the monarch (as an operative Guardian of the Realm) would pledge an ‘Oath of Fealty to the Nation’ — not the reverse, as in Britain’s case, whereby the nation pays homage to the sovereignty of Parliament and the monarchy. The unfulfilled ambition of the American Fathers was that government ministers should be elected by the majority vote of the people, but that their actions be directed within the boundaries of the Constitution. Because that Constitution belongs to the people, its champion — as George Washington perceived — should be a monarch whose obligation is not to politics or religion but to the sovereign nation. Through the natural system of heredity (being born and bred to the task), such a Constitutional guardian would provide an ‘ongoing continuity’ of public representation through successive governments. In this regard both monarchs and ministers would be servants of the Constitution on behalf of the Community of the Realm. Such a concept of moral government lies at the very heart of the Grail Code, and it remains within the bounds of possibility for every civilized Nation State. A leading British politician recently claimed that it was not his job to be popular! Not so—a popular minister is a trusted minister, and holding a deserved electoral trust facilitates the democratic process. No minister can honestly expound an ideal of equality in society when that minister is deemed to possess some form of prior lordship over society. Class structure is always decided from above, never from below. It is therefore for those on self-made pedestals to be seen to kick them aside in the interests of harmony and unity. Jesus was not in the least humbled when he washed his Apostles’ feet; he was raised to the realm of a true Grail King — the realm of equality and princely service. This is the eternal ‘Precept of the Sangréal’, and it is expressed in Grail lore with the utmost clarity: only by asking ‘Whom does the Grail serve?’ will the wound of the Fisher King be healed, and the Wasteland returned to fertility.

pages 438-443 "The Sangreal Today"

Bloodline of the Holy Grail

by Laurence Gardner

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zsH4O_ls0IgWEYXLXWCo7I3IUi32FJhq/view?usp=sharing

The March 2026 No Kings protests (also called No Kings 3 and No Kings Day 3.0)[21][22] were a group of coordinated protests that took place on March 28, 2026. They were part of a series of demonstrations in the United States to protest the actions and policies of the second Trump administration,[23] including the 2026 Iran war,[24] democratic backsliding, suppression of the Epstein files, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) operations[25] that led to shootings by immigration agents, most notably the killings of Renée Good, Keith Porter, and Alex Pretti.[26][27] The organizers claim the protests included more than 3,300 organized events across the country that drew a combined estimated eight to nine million protestors.[28] It was the largest single-day protest in American history.[29][30][31]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2026_No_Kings_protests

Donald Trump in a secret alliance with North Korean President Kim Jong Un or else they would not have met and shook hands at the North Korean border and Kim Jong Un is controlled by the Vatican more than President Xi Jinping is but if China is pushed to declare war on America, the secret alliance between Kim Jong Un and Donald Trump won't matter, North Korea will join in on the invasion faking China out and launching nuclear attack on Beijing from Pyongyang for Moscow getting nuked by Beijing, and Japan and the Philippines will break its alliance with America and also join the Chinese invasion of America in the year 2030-2031, Cardinal Louis Sako from Baghdad will be brought out of retirement by that time elected Pope Paul VII and has secret control of America through Pope Leo XIV from Chicago. Moscow is in a secret alliance with the Vatican and are at odds with Beijing and Paris, Madrid, controlled by the Vatican, and London have been vying for control of Washington D.C and London is going to nuke Washington DC if Jerusalem gets destroyed and Madrid will in turn launch a nuclear attack on London and Paris will launch a nuclear attack on the Vatican for this and Moscow will launch a nuclear attack on Paris and Beijing will launch a nuclear attack on Moscow, the Vatican has masterminded all of this.

Trump takes 20 steps into North Korea, making history as first sitting US leader to enter hermit nation

Updated Jun 30, 2019

Updated Jun 30, 2019, 6:57 PM ET

PUBLISHED Jun 29, 2019, 5:12 PM ET

Kevin Liptak

Seoul — President Donald Trump shook hands with Kim Jong Un on Sunday and took 20 steps into North Korea, making history as the first sitting US leader to set foot in the hermit kingdom.

Trump crossed the low stone curb separating the North and South at 3:45 p.m. local time, making his way alongside a grinning Kim into a country that’s long been a global pariah for its nuclear ambitions and dismal record on human rights.

The event, seemingly spontaneous and broadcast live, took to a new level Trump’s showman instincts and view of diplomacy as a test of interpersonal skills. Afterward, Trump said he agreed with Kim to revive staff-level talks that had collapsed after their last summit in February.

The encounter at the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone – their third in person – came a day after Trump raised the prospect of a border handshake in a tweet and declared he’d have “no problem” stepping into North Korea.

“Would you like me to step across?” Trump asked Kim as they shook hands. “I am OK with it.”

While inside North Korean territory, Trump and Kim shook hands and patted each other’s backs before returning across the border to the South after about a minute.

“I never expected to meet you at this place,” Kim, who appeared overjoyed in the moment, told Trump through an interpreter.

Later, Trump said he was “proud to step over the line” and thanked Kim for the meeting. He invited him to the White House, though later acknowledged such a visit would likely not come soon.

The North Korean leader said he was surprised by Trump’s request to meet, and accepted the offer due to their “excellent relationship” and the significance of meeting at the border.

“I think meeting here, two countries that have a hostile past, we are showcasing to the world that we have a new present and we have a positive meeting going forward,” he said.

After the historic handshake, the two men met inside the Freedom House at the DMZ for just under an hour – a more substantial session than Trump previewed earlier when he said his encounter with Kim would amount to little more than a handshake.

The moment marks a milepost in the United States’ fraught history with North Korea, but what it means beyond a display of friendship wasn’t immediately clear.

The North Korean government praised Trump’s “historic” meeting and handshake with Kim as an “amazing event” in the country’s first acknowledgment of the talks at Panmunjom, North Korean state news agency KCNA reported Sunday.

Kim said that it was the “good personal relations with Trump that made such a dramatic meeting possible,” according to KCNA.

The North Korean government went on to explain how the “bold” decision by Kim and Trump created “an unprecedented trust between the two countries which had been antagonizing each other with deep rooted hostility,” KCNA reported.

There did not appear to be any new commitments made in Trump’s 50-minute meeting with Kim beyond an agreement to restart talks. And Trump himself said afterward he was in no rush to rid North Korea of its nuclear weapons.

Still, the meeting and historic border crossing have broken a stalemate in the talks that hasn’t broken since Trump walked out of his last meeting with Kim in Vietnam four months ago.

Trump said negotiating teams would begin meeting in a matter of weeks.

The US team will be led by the current US special representative for North Korea, Stephen Biegun, Trump said. Turning to Biegun, Trump wished him luck.

Confirmation came after back-and-forth

Trump arrived to the border zone about an hour after he confirmed he would meet with Kim, and used an observation platform to peer into the North.

Standing alongside his South Korean counterpart, he appeared somber as he listened to a US military official, who pointed at landmarks in the distance.

“It used to be very, very dangerous,” Trump said, citing his briefing. “After our first summit, the danger went away.”

Even with history in the air, Trump did not avoid criticizing the media, claiming he wasn’t given credit for improving relations with Pyongyang.

“When they say there’s been no difference, there’s been a tremendous difference,” he griped. “I say that for the press, they have no appreciation for what is being done, none.”

The meeting along the fenced and barbed wire-topped border came after a morning of back-and-forth over whether the brief greeting would transpire after Trump on Saturday issued a public invitation for a handshake.

On Sunday morning, Trump framed the question of whether he’d actually meet Kim as a matter of logistics, indicating both sides were sorting arrangements to make the handshake happen.

Such a meeting was once unthinkable

The prospect of a US president stepping over the world’s most heavily fortified border into North Korea would once be unthinkable. But it’s in keeping with Trump’s deeply personal style of diplomacy and his flair for orchestrating drama around those efforts.

Still, some diplomats even in Trump’s own administration were caught off guard when he tweeted the invitation for Kim to meet Saturday while attending the final day of the G20 summit.

Trump’s last meeting with Kim collapsed when the two sides could not agree on terms exchanging sanctions relief for relinquishing North Korea’s nuclear arsenal. And the two sides have made little progress since.

After Trump’s first summit with Kim, a year ago in Singapore, there appeared to be progress in thawing relations. North Korea released some imprisoned Americans and returned the remains of some soldiers who’d been killed in the Korean War.

For a period, North Korea also suspended its provocative missile tests. But in the past month they have resumed testing short range missiles, though have not yet conducted nuclear or intermediate- or long-range missile tests.

“I’m not sure what it is that President Trump is trying to accomplish, because while all this engagement has gone on, there has been no decline in the stockpile of North Korean nuclear weapons or missiles,” said Joseph Yun, a former US special representative for North Korea under Trump and now a CNN analyst.

Trump says he’s in no rush and claims to have already seen results – both enough, in his view, for another meeting.

“If you’re in a rush, you get yourself in trouble,” he said during a news conference with South Korean President Moon Jae-in before his DMZ visit on Sunday.

Other presidents have gone to the DMZ – without Kim

Sunday was not the first attempt Trump made to get to the DMZ, the heavily guarded stretch that has divided the Korean Peninsula for three-quarters of a century. He was foiled by weather last time around, in 2017. Always highly attuned to optics, Trump wasn’t likely to pass up the opportunity to stare into the North from the observation platform.

Other presidents have made the same journey – all peering into the North through binoculars – but none have actually met the despotic leaders who rule it.

Nor has any sitting US president stepped across into the North.

CNN’s Jake Kwon and Faith Karimi contributed to this report

https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/29/politics/kim-jong-un-donald-trump-dmz-north-korea

https://www.youtube.com/post/UgkxyhDIbzVtNtVqiXVueiioTTU1tnkO055Q

Cox Report Overview

Arms Control Today

Back to Cox Report Main Page

Important Note: This declassified report summarizes many important findings and judgments contained in the Select Committee's classified Report, issued January 3, 1999. U.S. intelligence and law enforcement agencies within the Clinton administration have determined that other significant findings and judgments contained in the Select Committee's classified Report cannot be publicly disclosed without affecting national security or ongoing criminal investigations.

• The People's Republic of China (PRC) has stolen design information on the United States' most advanced thermonuclear weapons.

• The Select Committee judges that the PRC's next generation of thermonuclear weapons, currently under development, will exploit elements of stolen U.S. design information.

• PRC penetration of our national weapons laboratories spans at least the past several decades and almost certainly continues today.

A. The People's Republic of China (PRC) has stolen design information on the United States' most advanced thermonuclear weapons.

The People's Republic of China (PRC) has stolen classified design information on the United States' most advanced thermonuclear weapons. These thefts of nuclear secrets from our national weapons laboratories enabled the PRC to design, develop, and successfully test modern strategic nuclear weapons sooner than would otherwise have been possible. The stolen U.S. nuclear secrets give the PRC design information on thermonuclear weapons on a par with our own.

The PRC thefts from our National Laboratories began at least as early as the late 1970s, and significant secrets are known to have been stolen as recently as the mid-1990s. Such thefts almost certainly continue to the present.

• The stolen information includes classified information on seven U.S. thermonuclear warheads, including every currently deployed thermonuclear warhead in the U.S. ballistic missile arsenal.

• The stolen information also includes classified design information for an enhanced radiation weapon (commonly known as the "neutron bomb"), which neither the United States, nor any other nation, has yet deployed.

• The PRC has obtained classified information on the following U.S. thermonuclear warheads, as well as a number of associated reentry vehicles (the hardened shell that protects the thermonuclear warhead during reentry).

In addition, in the mid-1990s the PRC stole, possibly from a U.S. national weapons laboratory, classified thermonuclear weapons information that cannot be identified in this unclassified Report. Because this recent espionage case is currently under investigation and involves sensitive intelligence sources and methods, the Clinton administration has determined that further information cannot be made public without affecting national security or ongoing criminal investigations.

The W-88, a miniaturized, tapered warhead, is the most sophisticated nuclear weapon the United States has ever built. In the U.S. arsenal, it is mated to the D-5 submarine-launched ballistic missile carried aboard the Trident nuclear submarine. The United States learned about the theft of the W-88 Trident D-5 warhead information, as well as about the theft of information regarding several other nuclear weapons, in 1995.

The PRC has stolen U.S. design information and other classified information for neutron bomb warheads. The PRC stole classified U.S. information about the neutron bomb from a U.S. national weapons laboratory. The U.S. learned of the theft of this classified information on the neutron bomb in 1996.

In the late 1970s, the PRC stole design information on the U.S. W-70 warhead from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The U.S. government first learned of this theft several months after it took place. The W-70 warhead contains elements that may be used either as a strategic thermonuclear weapon, or as an enhanced weapon ("neutron bomb"). The PRC tested the neutron bomb in 1988.

The Select Committee is aware of other PRC thefts of U.S. thermonuclear weapons-related secrets. The Clinton administration has determined that further information about PRC thefts of U.S. thermonuclear weapons-related secrets cannot be publicly disclosed without affecting national security.

The PRC acquired this and other classified U.S. nuclear weapons information as the result of a 20-year intelligence collection program to develop modern thermonuclear weapons, continuing to this very day, that includes espionage, review of unclassified publications, and extensive interactions with scientists from the Department of Energy's national weapons laboratories.

The Select Committee has found that the primary focus of this long-term, ongoing PRC intelligence collection effort has been on the following national weapons laboratories: Los Alamos, Lawrence Livermore, OakRidge and Sandia.

The Select Committee judges that the PRC will exploit elements of the stolen design information on the PRC's next generation of thermonuclear weapons. The PRC plans to supplement its silo-based CSS-4 ICBMs targeted on U.S. cities with mobile ICBMs, which are more survivable because they are more difficult to find than silo-based missiles.

The PRC has three mobile ICBM programs currently underway—two road-mobile and one submarine-launched program—all of which will be able to strike the United States.

The first of these new People's Liberation Army (PLA) mobile ICBMs, the DF-31, may be tested in 1999, and could be deployed as soon as 2002. These mobile missiles require small warhead designs, of which the stolen U.S. design information is the most advanced in the world.

In addition, the PRC could choose to use elements of the stolen nuclear weapons design information—including the neutron bomb—on intermediate- and short-range ballistic missiles, such as its CSS-6 missiles.

The PRC has the infrastructure and technical ability to use elements of the stolen U.S. warhead design information in the PLA's next generation of thermonuclear weapons. The Select Committee concludes that the production tools and processes required by the PRC to produce small thermonuclear warheads based on the stolen U.S. design information, including the stolen W-88 information, would be similar to those developed or available in a modern aerospace or precision-guided munitions industry. The Select Committee judges that the PRC has such infrastructure and is capable of such production.

The Select Committee judges that the PRC is likely to continue its work on advanced thermonuclear weapons based on the stolen U.S. design information. The PRC could begin serial production of such weapons during the next decade in connection with the development of its next generation of intercontinental ballistic missiles.

A series of PRC nuclear weapons test explosions from 1992 to 1996 began a debate in the U.S. Government about whether the PRC's designs for its new generation of nuclear warheads were in fact based on stolen U.S. classified information. The apparent purpose of these PRC tests was to develop smaller, lighter thermonuclear warheads, with an increased yield-to-weight ratio.

The United States did not become fully aware of the magnitude of the counterintelligence problem at the Department of Energy national weapons laboratories until 1995. In 1995 the United States received a classified PRC document that demonstrated that the PRC had obtained U.S. design information on the W-88 warhead and technical information concerning approximately half a dozen other U.S. thermonuclear warheads and associated reentry vehicles.

The document was provided by a PRC national, unsolicited by the CIA—a "walk in." This individual approached the CIA outside the PRC, and turned over a number of documents. Among these was an official PRC document classified "Secret" by the PRC.

This PRC document included, among other matters, stolen U.S. design information on the W-88 thermonuclear warhead used on the Trident D-5 missile, as well as U.S. technical information on several other strategic U.S. nuclear warheads. The document recognized that the U.S. weapons represented the state-of-the-art against which PRC nuclear weapons should be measured.

By mid-1996 the CIA had determined that the individual who provided the information was secretly under the direction of the PRC intelligence services. The CIA and other U.S. intelligence community analysts have nevertheless concluded that the classified PRC document contained U.S. thermonuclear warhead design information and other technical information on U.S. nuclear weapons.

The stolen U.S. nuclear secrets give the PRC design information on thermonuclear weapons on a par with our own. Currently deployed PRC ICBMs targeted on U.S. cities are based on 1950s-era nuclear weapons designs. With the stolen U.S. technology, the PRC has leaped, in a handful of years, from 1950s-era strategic nuclear capabilities to the more modern thermonuclear weapons designs. These modern thermonuclear weapons took the United States decades of effort, hundreds of millions of dollars, and numerous nuclear tests to achieve.

Such small, modern warheads are necessary for all of the elements of a modern intercontinental nuclear force, including: road-mobile ICBMs, submarine-launched ICBMs and ICBMs with multiple warheads (MRVs or MIRVs).

The PRC has an ongoing program to use these modern thermonuclear warheads on its next generation of ICBMs, currently in development. Without the nuclear secrets stolen from the United States, it would have been virtually impossible for the PRC to fabricate and test successfully small nuclear warheads prior to its 1996 pledge to adhere to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.

B. The Select Committee judges that elements of the stolen information on U.S. thermonuclear warhead designs will assist the PRC in building its next generation of mobile ICBMs, which may be tested this year.

The stolen U.S. design information will assist the PRC in building smaller nuclear warheads—vital to the success of the PRC's ongoing efforts to develop survivable, mobile missiles. Current PRC ICBMs, which are silo-based, are more vulnerable to attack than mobile missiles.

The PRC has currently underway three intercontinental mobile missile programs—two road-mobile, and one submarine-launched. All of these missiles are capable of targeting the United States.

The first of these, the road-mobile solid-propellant DF-31, may be tested in 1999. Given a successful flight-test program, the DF-31 could be ready for deployment in 2002.

The Select Committee judges that the PRC will in fact use a small nuclear warhead on its new generation ICBMs. The small, mobile missiles that the PRC is developing require smaller warheads than the large, heavy, 1950s-era warheads developed for the PRC's silo-based missiles. The main purpose of a series of nuclear tests conducted by the PRC between 1992 and 1996 was evidently to develop new smaller, lighter warheads with an increased yield-to-weight ratio for use with the PRC's new, mobile nuclear forces.

The Select Committee judges that the PRC will exploit elements of the stolen U.S. thermonuclear weapons designs on its new ICBMs currently under development. The advanced U.S. thermonuclear warheads for which the PRC has stolen U.S. design information are significantly smaller than those for which the PRC's silo-based missiles were designed. The U.S. designs, unlike those in the PRC's currently-deployed arsenal, can be used on smaller mobile missiles.

The Select Committee judges that:

• The PRC is likely to continue to work on small thermonuclear warheads based on stolen U.S. design information;

• The PRC has the infrastructure and ability to produce such warheads, including warheads based on elements of the stolen U.S. W-88 Trident D5 design information;

• The PRC could begin serial production of small thermonuclear warheads during the next decade in conjunction with its new generation of road-mobile missiles;

• The introduction of small warheads into PLA service could coincide with the initial operational capability of the DF-31, which could be ready for deployment in 2002.

These small warhead designs will make it possible for the PRC to develop and deploy missiles with multiple reentry vehicles (MRVs or independently targetable MIRVs).

Multiple reentry vehicles increase the effectiveness of a ballistic missile force by multiplying the number of warheads a single missile can carry as many as ten-fold.

Multiple reentry vehicles also can help to counter missile defenses. For example, multiple reentry vehicles make it easier for the PRC to deploy penetration aids with its ICBM warheads in order to defeat anti-missile defenses.

The Select Committee is aware of reports that the PRC has in the past undertaken efforts related to technology with MIRV applications. Experts agree that the PRC now has the capability to develop and deploy silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles with multiple reentry vehicles (MIRVs or MRVs).

Experts also agree that the PRC could have this capability for its new mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles within a reasonable period of years that is consistent with its plans to deploy these new mobile missiles. The PRC could pursue one or more penetration aids in connection with its new nuclear missiles.

If the PRC violates the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty by testing surreptitiously, it could further accelerate its nuclear development.

The Select Committee judges that, if the PRC were successful in stealing nuclear test codes, computer models, and data from the United States, it could further accelerate its nuclear development. By using such stolen codes and data in conjunction with High Performance Computers (HPCs) already acquired by the PRC, the PRC could diminish its need for further nuclear testing to evaluate weapons and propose design changes.

The possession of the stolen U.S. test data could greatly reduce the level of HPC performance required for such tasks. For these reasons, the Select Committee judges that the PRC has and will continue to aggressively target for theft our nuclear test codes, computer models, and data.

Although the United States has been the victim of systematic espionage successfully targeted against our most advanced nuclear weapons designs—and although the Select Committee judges that the PRC will exploit elements of those designs for its new generation of ICBMs—the United States retains an overwhelming qualitative and quantitative advantage in deployed strategic nuclear forces. Nonetheless, in a crisis in which the United States confronts the PRC's conventional and nuclear forces at the regional level, a modernized PRC strategic nuclear ballistic missile force would pose a credible direct threat against the United States.

Neither the United States nor the PRC has a national ballistic missile defense system.

In the near term, a PRC deployment of mobile thermonuclear weapons, or neutron bombs, based on stolen U.S. design information, could have a significant effect on the regional balance of power, particularly with respect to Taiwan. PRC deployments of advanced nuclear weapons based on stolen U.S. design information would pose greater risks to U.S. troops and interests in Asia and the Pacific.

In addition, the PRC's theft of information on our most modern nuclear weapons designs enables the PRC to deploy modern forces much sooner than would otherwise be possible.

At the beginning of the l990s, the PRC had only one or two silo-based ICBMs capable of attacking the United States. Since then, the PRC has deployed up to two dozen additional silo-based ICBMs capable of attacking the United States; has upgraded its silo-based missiles; and has continued development of three mobile ICBM systems and associated modern thermonuclear warheads.

If the PRC is successful in developing modern nuclear forces, as seems likely, and chooses to deploy them in sufficient numbers, then the long-term balance of nuclear forces with the United States could be adversely affected.

C. Despite repeated PRC thefts of the most sophisticated U.S. nuclear weapons technology, security at our national nuclear weapons laboratories does not meet even minimal standards.

The PRC stole design information on the United States' most advanced thermonuclear weapons as a result of a sustained espionage effort targeted at the United States' nuclear weapons facilities, including our national weapons laboratories. The successful penetration by the PRC of our nuclear weapons laboratories has taken place over the last several decades, and almost certainly continues to the present.

More specifically, the Select Committee has concluded that the successful penetration of our National Laboratories by the PRC began as early as the late 1970s; the PRC had penetrated the Laboratories throughout the 1980s and 1990s; and our Laboratories almost certainly remain penetrated by the PRC today.

Our national weapons laboratories are responsible for, among other things, the design of thermonuclear warheads for our ballistic missiles. The information at our national weapons laboratories about our thermonuclear warheads is supposed to be among our nation's most closely guarded secrets.

Counterintelligence programs at the national weapons laboratories today fail to meet even minimal standards. Repeated efforts since the early 1980s have failed to solve the counterintelligence deficiencies at the National Laboratories. While one of the Laboratories has adopted better counterintelligence practices than the others, all remain inadequate.

Even though the United States discovered in 1995 that the PRC had stolen design information on the W-88 Trident D-5 warhead and technical information on a number of other U.S. thermonuclear warheads, the White House has informed the Select Committee, in response to specific interrogatories propounded by the Committee, that the President was not briefed about the counterintelligence failures until early 1998.

Moreover, given the great significance of the PRC thefts, the Select Committee is concerned that the appropriate committees of the Congress were not adequately briefed on the extent of the PRC's espionage efforts.

A counterintelligence and security plan adopted by the Department of Energy in late 1998 in response to Presidential Decision Directive 61 is a step toward establishing sound counterintelligence practices. However, according to the head of these efforts, significant time will be required to implement improved security procedures pursuant to the directive. Security at the national weapons laboratories will not be satisfactory until at least sometime in the year 2000.Selected Overview Findings On Missile and Space Technology

The PRC has stolen or otherwise illegally obtained U.S. missile and space technology that improves the PRC's military and intelligence capabilities.

A. The PRC has stolen U.S. missile technology and exploited it for the PRC's own ballistic missile applications.

The PRC has proliferated such military technology to a number of other countries, including regimes hostile to the United States.

….

B. In the late 1990s, the PRC stole or illegally obtained U.S. developmental and research technology that, if taken to successful conclusion, could be used to attack U.S. satellites and submarines.

….

C. Currently deployed PRC ICBMs targeted on the United States are based in significant part on U.S. technologies illegally obtained by the PRC in the 1950s.

This illustrates the potential long-term effects of technology loss.

….

D. In the aftermath of three failed satellite launches since 1992, U.S. satellite manufacturers transferred missile design information and know-how to the PRC without obtaining the legally required licenses.

This information has improved the reliability of PRC rockets useful for civilian and military purposes.

The illegally transmitted information is useful for the design and improved reliability of future PRC ballistic missiles, as well.

….

E. In light of the PRC's aggressive espionage campaign against U.S. technology, it would be surprising if the PRC has not exploited security lapses that have occurred in connection with launches of U.S. satellites in the PRC.

….

F. Foreign brokers and underwriters of satellite and space launch insurance have obtained controlled U.S. space and missile-related technology outside of the system of export controls that applies to U.S. satellite manufacturers.

While existing laws address such exports, U.S. export control authorities may not be adequately enforcing these laws in the space insurance industry context, nor paying sufficient attention to these practices.

….

G. The Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act took important steps to correct deficiencies in the administration of U.S. export controls on commercial space launches in the PRC.

But the aggressive implementation of this law is vital, and other problems with launches in the PRC that the Act does not address require immediate attention.

….

H. It is in the national security interest of the United States to increase U.S. domestic launch capacity.

….

Selected Overview Findings on Export Controls

United States and international export control policies and practices have facilitated the PRC's efforts to obtain militarily useful technology.

A. Recent changes in international and domestic export control regimes have reduced the ability to control transfers of militarily useful technology.

i. The dissolution of COCOM in 1994 left the United States without an effective, multilateral means to control exports of militarily useful goods and technology.

….

ii. The expiration of the Export Administration Act in 1994 has left export controls under different legislative authority that, among other things, carries lesser penalties for export violations than those that can be imposed under the Act.

….

iii. U.S. policy changes announced in 1995 that reduced the time available for national security agencies to consider export licenses need to be reexamined in light of the volume and complexity of licensing activities.

….

B. Dividing the licensing responsibilities for satellites between the Departments of Commerce and State permitted the loss of U.S. technology to the PRC.

The 1996 decision to give Commerce the lead role in satellite exporting was properly reversed by the Congress.

….

C. U.S. policies relying on corporate self-policing to prevent technology loss have not worked.

Corporate self-policing does not sufficiently account for the risks posed by inherent conflicts of interest, and the lack of priority placed on security in comparison to other corporate objectives.

….

D. The PRC requires high performance computers (HPCs) for the design, modeling, testing, and maintenance of advanced nuclear weapons based on the nuclear weapons design information stolen from the United States.

The United States relaxed restrictions on HPC sales in 1996; and the United States has no effective way to verify that HPC purchases reportedly made for commercial purposes are not diverted to military uses.

The Select Committee judges that the PRC has in fact used HPCs to perform nuclear weapons applications.

….

E. The PRC has attempted to obtain U.S. machine tools and jet engine technologies through fraud and diversions from commercial end uses.

In one 1991 case studied by the Select Committee, the Department of Commerce decontrolled jet engines without consulting either the Defense Department or the State Department.

i. In 1994 and 1995 the PRC attempted to divert an export of machine tools by McDonnell Douglas to military uses.

….

ii. In 1991 the Commerce Department decontrolled Garrett jet engines without consulting either the Defense Department or the State Department. This led to a PRC effort to acquire related jet engine production technology. The Commerce Department was prepared to approve this transfer, which was only thwarted when the Defense Department was alerted by the U.S. embassy in Beijing.

….

Selected Overview Findings On Chinese Technology Acquisition

• The PRC seeks advanced military technology to achieve its long-term goals.

• To acquire U.S. technology the PRC uses a variety of techniques, including espionage, controlled commercial entities, and a network of individuals and organizations that engage in a vast array of contacts with scientists, business people and academics.

….

A. The PRC has mounted a widespread effort to obtain U.S. military technologies by any means—legal or illegal.

These pervasive efforts pose a particularly significant threat to U.S. export control and counterintelligence efforts.

….

B. Efforts to deny the PRC access to U.S. military technology are complicated by the broad range of items in which the PRC is interested, and by transfers to the PRC of Russian military and dual-use technologies, which may make the consequences of the PRC's thefts of U.S. technology more severe.

….

C. The PRC uses commercial and political contacts to advance its efforts to obtain U.S. military, as well as commercial, technology.

….

D. The PRC has proliferated nuclear, missile, and space-related technologies to a number of countries.

https://www.armscontrol.org/act/1999-04/cox-report-overview

Case No. 25 PO 00002 3G

PO Rec No.: 323314

254400044

FILED

2025 JAN-7 PM 4:58 JUSTICE PEACE

IN THE JUSTICE COURT OF DAYTON TOWNSHIP

JOSHUA JAMES COX

Applicant,

VS.

BILLY DUNN

Adverse Party.

COUNTY OF LYON, STATE OF NEVADA

TEMPORARY PROTECTION ORDER AGAINST STALKING OR HARASSMENT

Expiration: This order was issued by the Court above on January 7, 2025 and will expire

on FEBRUARY 21, 2025 at 11:59 pm unless the Court orders otherwise. Hearing to Extend:

There will be a hearing to determine whether to extend this order on FEBRUARY 18, 2025 at 3:00 pm at the Court listed above.

If you do not attend, the court may rule against you.

The Applicant filed a verified application for a protective order. The Court has jurisdiction over this matter. See NRS 200.591, et seq. The Court finds that stalking, aggravated stalking and/or harassment has occurred. Accordingly, and good cause appearing, it is the ORDER of the Court that the following orders apply to the Adverse Party:

1. YOU ARE PROHIBITED from threatening, physically injuring, or harassing the

Applicant and/or the following persons:

Protected Parties: The following persons are protected under this order: Applicant: JOSHUA JAMES COX

2. YOU ARE ORDERED to not contact the protected parties at all in any way,

including but not limited to in person, by phone/text, by email, or through social

media.

3. YOU ARE ORDERED to stay away from Applicant's residence located at: 2024 LONNIE LANE, DAYTON, NV 89403

02020 Nevada Supreme Court

Temporary Protection Order Against Stalking or Harassment (Revised October 2020)

Page 1 of 3

How do you know the person you need protection from (check all that apply)?

We are related by blood or marriage. Explain We are or used to be friends/acquaintances.

We are

neighbors

or reside in the same

We are or were co-workers.

Other: (specify relationship):

in any court?

neighborhood.

Are there any other current or prior court cases that involve you and the Adverse Party

No.

Yes. If you know, please list the case type, county, state, and case number:

Firearms/Guns.

Does the Adverse Party own a gun or have a gun in his/her possession or control?

Yes

I don't know.

Most Recent Event. Think about the most recent event. These questions ask about the most recent event only.

Approximate date it happened:

City/State/Location where it happened:

Did the other person use or threaten to use a weapon? No Yes.

What Happened? Explain the most recent event and describe any injuries. Give specific and detailed information about the event. You can list past events on the next page. If you are filing on behalf of a child, include details about who happened to the child.

I WAS LEAVING CALIFORNIA ON JANUARY 2ND WHEN THE CFO

AT MY JAR MESSAGED ME AND

ASKED ME TO MEET HER IN HER OFFICE SOMETIME THAT WEEK. I INFORMED HER THAT I WAS OUT OF TOWN BUT WOULD BE THERE IN THE MORNING (JANUARY 3RD). I ASKED WHAT IT WAS ABOUT AND

02020 Nevada Supreme Court

Application for Protection Order

(Revised October 2020)

Page 3 of 8

SHE SAID THAT SOMEONE THAT SHE DIDN'T KNOW WAS TEXTING HER AND 14 OTHER PHONE NUMBERS. AND THEY SENT HER A VIDEO ALSO, BILLY DUNN who RESIDES AT 2031 LONNIE LANE WAS THE PERSON THE OWNERS SENDING THE TEXTY AND VIDEO, HE SENT THESE TO AND FAMRY MEMBERS THAT HE IS STALKING, HARASSING AND CYBER BULLYING ME AND OTHER PEOPLE ONLINE. HE MIGHT DO: IT IS ESCALATING AND I DON'T KNOW WHAT ELSE

EMPLOY ME.

Attach more pages if you need more room (pages 4a, 4b, 4c).

C2020 Nevada Supreme Court

Application for Protection Order (Revised October 2020)

Page 4 of 8

Past Event(s).

Think about any other times the person you want protection from threatened or abused you happened. and/or the child/children. The following questions ask about any past events that may have

Approximate Date:

What Happened:

JUNE 12TH 2024 I GOT HOME

FROM WORK AND MY NEIGHBOR APPROACHED WE AND ASKED IF I SAW A POST THAT BILLY SUNN HAD POSTED ON A TACEBOOK GROUP (RE DAYTON NEVADA JOB SEEKERS). I TOLD HIM NO I HAVEN'T SEEN IT AND ASKED TO SEE IT HE HAD AN A. I., APP ASE TO MAKE A STORY ABOUT ME COMMITTING SUICIDE. I HAVE REPORTED THE VIDEOS ONLINE, BUT I KNOW IT ISN'T ENDUGH AND MY FAMILY AND EMPLOYERS AFE WORRIED FOR ME AND WHAT HE MIGHT DO NEXT!

Approximate Date: What Happened:

10. Law enforcement involvement.

Was law enforcement informed?

Yes

a. If so, please provide a copy of the police incident report Was anyone arrested? No Yes (Who),

Is the Adverse Party in jail? A No

Yes

C2020 Nevada Supreme Court

Application for Protection Onder (Revised October 2020)

Page 5 of 8

Case No. 25 PO 00002 3G

If you want to dispute this order or have it changed, you can request a

hearing by filing a written request with this court. Court staff will give you information about how to file your request. The court will set a hearing on your request as quickly as

possible.

ORDER TO LAW ENFORCEMENT

Any law enforcement officer, with or without a warrant, may arrest and take into custody the Adverse Party, when the law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that (a) an Order has been issued pursuant to NRS 33.270 against the Adverse Party; (b) the Adverse Party has been served with a copy of the Order; and (c) the Adverse Party is acting or has acted in violation of the Order. This arrest may occur regardless of whether the violation occurred in the officer's presence.

Any law enforcement agency in this state may enforce a Court Order issued pursuant to NRS 33.270 without regard to the county in which the Order is issued.

January 7, 2025

121

amil

CAMILLE VECCHIARELLI Justice of the Peace

(Revised October 2020)

Temporary Protection Order Against Stalking or Harassment

Page 3 of 3

About Extended Protection Orders: This application automatically asks the judge to issue up to a 45-day temporary protection order without notifying the other person first.

You can also ask for an extended order that could last for up to 2 years.

If you do, the judge will set a hearing. You and the other person will have to appear in court and explain your side before the judge can extend the protection order.

12.

Length of Protection Order.

I want an order up to 45 days only.

I want an order up to 45 days PLUS an extended order that could last up to 2

years.

13. Other Exhibits. You may attach documents, pictures, or anything else that you would like the judge to look at and consider when reviewing your application. The Adverse Party will receive a copy of all documents/evidence you provide.

Describe what you are attaching: Phoras OF TEXTS TO MY EMPLOYER AND PICTURES POSTED ON SOCIAL MEDIA OF ME ALONG WITH THE FICTITIOUS STORY HE HAD MADE AND POSTED. POLICE REPORT FILED ONLINE ALSO.

14. This document does not contain the personal information of any person as defined by NRS 603A.040.

I declare under penalty of perjury under the law of the State of Nevada that the foregoing is true and correct.

Dated MONDAY JAMY 6, 2025.

Submitted by:

Adh

Toster

(your signature)

Joshut J. Cox

(print your name)

VERIFICATION

I declare that I am the applicant in the above-entitled action; that I have read the foregoing application and know the contents thereof; that the pleading is true of my own knowledge, except for those matters therein contained stated upon information and belief, and that as to those matters, I believe them to be true. I declare under penalty of perjury under the law of the State of Nevada that the foregoing is true and correct.

Dated MONDAY JANUARY 6, 2025.

Submitted

by: Vacher

Page 8 of 8

(your signature)

Joshua J. Cox

(print your name)

Application for Protection Order (Revised October 2020)

Work. The Adverse Party should stay away from my workplace.

Do you and the Adverse Party work at the same place?

No Yes

Is your work address confidential? No Yes (do not write details below)

HODGES TRANSPORTATION INC.

Employer

605 FORT CHURCHILL RD.

Address

SILVER SPRINGS, NV 89429 2YON

City, State, Zip Code

County

Employer

Address

City, State, Zip Code

School/Daycare. The Adverse Party should stay away from my school and/or the child's school/daycare.

County

Is the school/daycare address confidential? No Yes (do not write details below)

School/Daycare

Address

City, State, Zip Code

County

School/Daycare

Address

City, State, Zip Code

Other Places. The Adverse Party should stay away from the following places that I and/or the minor children go to regularly.

Location

Why?

Address

Location

Why?

Address

County

City, State, Zip Code

County

City, State, Zip Code

County

Application for Protection Order (Revised October 2020)

Page 7 of 8

Panel: Dayton judge violated rules

Saturday, September 4, 2010

(AP) - A Nevada judicial panels says a Dayton judge violated campaign rules, but without intent.

In a ruling Friday, the Committee on Judicial Ethics and Election Practices said Justice of the Peace Camille Vecchiarelli improperly listed the address and telephone number of the Dayton Justice Court on her campaign blog.

During a hearing last month, she said the information was taken from a biography she had prepared for a judicial conference, and her daughter added it to her campaign blog.

She removed the information when it was brought to her attention on Aug. 18.

The ruling said there was no evidence Vecchiarelli gained an unfair advantage from the listing, and no sanctions were imposed.

A complaint was filed with the ethics panel by Jason Luis, who is running against the judge.

https://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/2010/sep/04/panel-dayton-judge-violated-rules/

AI Overview

Camille and Camillo derive from the Latin camillus, referring to a noble youth serving as an acolyte in ancient Roman religious ceremonies. The term implies a "religious attendant," "helper," or "acolyte". Camillo is the Italian masculine form, while Camille is primarily French (unisex, often feminine).

Ancestry

Key Etymological Points:

Latin Origin: Derived from camillus (masculine) and camilla (feminine).

Roman Context: Refers to a free-born child, often a "noble youth attending at sacrifices," often believed to have Etruscan origins.

Historical Usage: Associated with Marcus Furius Camillus, a 4th-century BCE Roman dictator known as the "Second Founder of Rome".

Gender and Variations:

Camillo (Italian): Masculine form.

Camille (French/English): Unisex (commonly female in French, can be male in older usage or other languages).

Camilla (Latin/Italian/English): Feminine form, featuring in Virgil's Aeneid as a warrior virgin.

Camilo (Spanish/Portuguese): Masculine form.

Meaning Nuances: Often interpreted as "noble youth," "acolyte," or "ceremonial attendant".

Ancestry

The name has endured due to its combination of noble, religious, and historical connotations, often used in literature and across various European languages.

Early Female Transgender Identity after Prenatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol: Report from a French National Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Cohort

by Laura Gaspari 1,2,3,†,Marie-Odile Soyer-Gobillard 4,5,†ORCID,Scott Kerlin 6,Françoise Paris 1,2,3 andCharles Sultan 1,*

Unité d’Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France

INSERM 1203, Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France

CHU Montpellier, University Montpellier, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34295 Montpellier, France

Laboratoire Arago, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 75016 Paris, France

Association HHORAGES-France, 66100 Perpignan, France

DES International Information and Research Network, Livermore, CA 94551, USA

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

J. Xenobiot. 2024, 14(1), 166-175; https://doi.org/10.3390/jox14010010

Submission received: 28 November 2023 / Revised: 8 January 2024 / Accepted: 10 January 2024 / Published: 12 January 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Human Health)

Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figure Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Diagnostic of transsexualism and gender incongruence are terms to describe individuals whose self-identity does not match their sex assignment at birth. A transgender woman is an individual assigned male at birth (AMAB) on the basis of the external or internal genitalia who identifies and lives as a woman. In recent decades, a significant increase in the number of transgender people has been reported. Although, its etiology is unknown, biological, anatomical, genetic, environmental and cultural factors have been suggested to contribute to gender variation. In XY animals, it has been shown that environmental endocrine disruptors, through their anti-androgenic activity, induce a female identity. In this work, we described four XY individuals who were exposed in utero to the xenoestrogen diethylstilbesterol (DES) and were part of the French HHORAGES cohort. They all reported a female transgender identity starting from childhood and adolescence. This high prevalence of male to female transgenderism (1.58%) in our cohort of 253 DES sons suggests that exposure to chemicals with xenoestrogen activity during fetal life may affect the male sex identity and behavior.

Keywords: sexual identity; diethylstilbestrol (DES); prenatal exposure

1. Introduction

Gender identity defines each individual’s deeply held personal sense of their own gender as male or female or something else [1]. Moreover, gender diversity and variance are umbrella terms used to describe the wide range of gender identifications outside the conventional gender categories [2]. Gender dysphoria [3] relates to the distress and unease experienced by individuals who are discontent with their assigned gender and identify with a gender other than the one associated with their birth sex [4]. A transgender man or woman is a person born phenotypically female or male, assigned female or male at birth on the basis of their external or internal genitalia, who identifies and lives as a male or a female. Actually, for many experts [5] this definition should be enlarged to Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC) individuals, people with disorders of sex development (DSDs) and people assigned male (AMAB) or female at birth (AFAB) [6].

All studies on secular trends have reported a dramatic increase in the number of transgender people in recent decades [7]. A temporal change in the age of presentation is another notable phenomenon [8]. Quoting Hassler et al. [8] in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5), signs of transgender in children include: “A repeated desire to be the other sex or an assertion that they are the other sex; a belief that their assigned sex will change on its own (e.g., thinking they will grow a penis or that their penis will come off when they get older); wanting to change their name to a name typically associated with another gender, or a gender-neutral name; a preference for presenting as another gender (e.g., a child assigned male at birth who prefers long hair and wearing dresses, or a child assigned female at birth who prefers short hair and wearing gender-neutral clothing); resistance or distress when made to present as a gender they do not identify with (such as a ‘girl’ throwing a tantrum over having to wear a dress or a ‘boy’ crying after having to get a haircut); assuming the role of another gender in fantasy games or make-believe; an intense desire to participate in the games and activities typical of the other gender (such as an assigned-male child playing with Barbie and an assigned-female child playing contact sports); a preference for playmates of another gender”.

Hassler et al. also wrote [8]: “In adolescence, signs of transgender includes: feelings of panic or severe discomfort concerning puberty and body changes (e.g., refusing to acknowledge or admit that changes are occurring, refusing to look at their body, or becoming distressed or uncomfortable with body development, menstruation, or ejaculation); discomfort or distress with certain forms of gender presentation, such as disliking long hair or certain types of clothing; increased bullying at school due to differences in acting out one’s perceived gender or lack of self-confidence; isolation from peers due to lack of connection or fear of bullying; depression and/or anxiety as a result of confusion over gender identity or not fitting in with peers; be aware that some adolescents may try to repress their true gender due to outside pressure, such as from family and peers, even if they previously expressed their true gender as a child”.

The literature on the prevalence of transgender people is heterogeneous, depending on the geographic area, inclusion criteria and age at presentation [9]. Specialized centers that manage transgender people estimate a prevalence between 17 and 33/100,000 individuals [10]. Actually, people who identify as transgender represent a sizable proportion of the general population, from 0.1% to 2% [11,12].

Although the biological basis of transgenderism/incongruence is unknown, biological, anatomical, genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute to gender identity [13,14]. The role of sex hormones and genetics in sexual development was described by studies published between 1948 and 2019, and the implication of endogenous steroids in brain sexual differentiation has been widely studied [14,15,16,17,18]. According to the accepted dogma, high levels of fetal testosterone organize the brain towards a male phenotype [19]. Any exogenous chemical that can reduce testosterone action during fetal life can affect the differentiation of genitalia and sex behavior.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a molecule that has strengthened the concepts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the fetal basis of adult diseases [20]. It is well known that in utero exposure to DES, a compound with estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity, induces a wide range of reproductive tract/function abnormalities in the so-called ‘DES daughters’, e.g., alterations to Müllerian duct development, fertility problems, ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, premature births and cancers, especially clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the vagina and cervix in girls and young women [21]. In ‘DES sons’, epididymal cysts, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, hypoplastic testes and micropenises have been observed [22,23,24,25,26]. In addition, although less studied, in utero exposure to synthetic sex hormones, particularly DES, can cause psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, eating disorders and suicidal behavior [27]. Interestingly, some studies in patients exposed in utero to DES with psychotic disorders identified methylome changes that affect the expression of ZFP57 and ADAMTS9, two genes implicated in neurodevelopment regulation [28], with potential multigenerational and transgenerational effects [29,30].

In this work, we first describe four transgender women identified among the 253 sons exposed in utero to DES included in the HHORAGES-France cohort (a French National patient association). This high prevalence of male-to-female transgender individuals among DES sons (1.58%) strongly suggests that exposure of male fetuses to this xenoestrogen during fetal life may affect future male sex identity and behavior.

2. Patients and Methods

This study was based on a French national retrospective cohort of DES-treated women (HHORAGES-France Association) (n = 1200) and their families. Detailed standard questionnaires were obtained from all DES mothers when they joined the HHORAGES-France Association and all DES children were already adults at this time. The answers to this online questionnaire were used to select women who met the following inclusion criteria: (1) at least two pregnancies with two viable male babies (same father) among whom the first child was not exposed in utero to DES (pre-DES), followed by one or more children with fetal exposure to DES (DES); (2) confirmed data on the total DES dose (health record or physician’s observation). The cumulative dose D administered to the French pregnant mothers was 4050 mg < D < 7300 mg. This is considered a medium-low-dose cohort, in accordance with the observations by Tournaire et al. [31] and compared with the higher doses administered in the United States (7550 mg < D < 12,742 mg). The answers to the questionnaires were also used to identify women with a DES son who presented female gender variance. We then contacted all DES sons with female gender variance and we carried out an individual interview with them.

The local university hospital ethics committee approved this study (ID IRB No. 202301531), and all patients gave their informed consent through the HHORAGES-France Association (CNIL: J B/EM/DC042793, N° 1006460).

All DES sons who identified as transgender women underwent karyotyping at their local hospital at the moment of transition.

2.1. Patient 1 (M.) (Table 1, First Column)

Table 1. Clinical features of our four patients with female gender variance, from childhood to adulthood.

Currently a writer and photographer, M. was born in 1961 after in utero exposure to DES given to their mother following a previous miscarriage. At birth, M. had male genitalia and unilateral cryptorchidism. At the age of 4 years, M. started to present gender dysphoria that became clear at the age of 9 years (Table 1, first column). During adolescence, M. expressed the conviction of being a woman. This period was also characterized by important school absenteeism and poor academic performance. In adult life, M. presented severe psychological disorders, particularly a severe self-mutilation episode (external genitalia) at the age of 43 years (2004), with a major, life-threatening hemorrhage. After seeing a psychiatrist, M. began the transition with male to female gender reassignment surgery in France, after the agreement of the French court of first instance. Since this operation, she has been receiving Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) and she is regularly followed as part of GAHT management.

2.2. Patient 2 (S.) (Table 1, Second Column)

Currently a composer (guitar and vocals), S. was born in 1969 after in utero exposure to DES. At birth, S. had male genitalia with unilateral cryptorchidism. S. started to question the assigned male gender at the age of 4 years: “I remember very clearly that when I was 3–4 years old, one day I went with my mother to a hairdressing salon and having looked at all the ladies, I thought: ‘When I grow up this is what I will do: I will be a woman’”.

During adolescence, S. felt he was a woman and had severe psychological disorders, particularly depression and suicidal ideation (Table 1, second column). As an adult, S. married and had two children. These two girls had prolactinoma, and one has Asperger’s syndrome, androgyny and ovarian cysts. S. began the transition with male to female gender reassignment surgery, in Brighton, United Kingdom (UK), in November 2015. Since then, S. has been receiving GAHT and is followed by the doctor who managed the transition. According to the UK Gender Recognition Act, S. could change their sex recorded on their birth certificate (male to female) and now, she lives in Scotland. Her elder sister, also exposed to DES in utero after her mother’s miscarriage, died due to vaginal adenocarcinoma during adolescence.

2.3. Patient 3 (Chr.) (Table 1, Third Column)

Currently a ULM pilot teacher, Chr. was born in 1963 after in utero exposure to DES and slow-release progestin. At birth, Chr. had male genitalia without any genital malformation and spina bifida. Chr. reported gender dysphoria at the age of 7 years (see Table 1, third column). During adolescence, Chr. had psychological disorders and enuresis up to the age of 16 years. At the age of 22 years, Chr. married and had one son at the age of 23 years. From the age of 30 years, Chr. regularly dressed as a female and finally divorced after 20 years of married life. Chr. began the transition with male to female gender reassignment surgery performed in Thailand, in 2003, at the age of 40 years. Since this operation, she has been receiving GAHT. She lives in a couple with her former female partner and the French court of first instance of her department recognized her identity change on June 2006, at the age of 43 years.

2.4. Patient 4 (J.) (Table 1, Fourth Column)

J. was born in May 1953 in the USA (Kansas, Mid-West) after in utero exposure to DES. At birth, J. had normal male genitalia and no malformation. Gender dysphoria began at about 3–4 years of age. During childhood, J. always liked to wear his sister’s clothing, including panties, slips and dresses (Table 1, fourth column). J. had no girlfriend at the age of 16 years, and later, fantasized to be Annette Funicello, a very feminine movie star. During adolescence, J. always fantasized by looking at women’s apparel and dreamt of wearing all the items featured in catalogues, especially panties and lingerie, and often dressed as a woman. Once an adult, J. married, “But still society pushed me into marriage which is where I am now, taking cross-sex hormones to become a girl!”. Indeed, from 1997, J. has been taking estradiol to change sex, but did not undergo gender reassignment surgery.

3. Results

In this French national retrospective cohort of DES-treated women (i.e., DES mothers; n = 1200) and their families, 253 boys who were exposed in utero to DES (DES sons) and 148 pre-DES sons were identified. The flowchart showing the included and excluded patients is shown in Figure 1. Four of these DES sons identified themselves as transgender women (transgender prevalence =1.58%) versus zero among the pre-DES sons (0%). The prevalence difference was not significant (p-value = 0.30), probably because of the small sample size. The DES doses were documented for all 253 DES sons.

Jox 14 00010 g001

Figure 1. Included and excluded patients of the HHORAGES-France cohort in which four transgender M/Fs were identified. (HHORAGES-France data.) E2 is the synthetic hormone 17-α-estradiol that was often administered in a cocktail with DES and synthetic progesterone during pregnancy, but was banned for pregnant women in Europe in 1980.

In these four DES sons who identified themselves as transgender women, karyotyping did not reveal any abnormality. Major transgender components and behaviors were present already in early childhood and adolescence, as described in the previous section and summarized in Table 1.

4. Discussion

The number of patients seeking gender-specific healthcare has drastically increased (30–40-fold) in the last three decades [32]. In a recent European study, 0.7–1% of the general population reported incongruent gender identity [33]. However, several reports highlighted the important heterogeneity in the published estimates across studies. Moreover, the definition of transgender is often expanded to include broader manifestations of gender diversity. However, non-binary people should not be included in this wide definition. If we consider the highest prevalence of transgender women reported in the literature (1/17,000) [10], the prevalence we observed in our study (1.58%) is 10- to 100-fold higher. Moreover, the prevalence of female transgender identity was 0% among the 148 elder non-exposed sons (AMAB) in the same informative families.

It is generally accepted that fetal androgens play a crucial role in male brain differentiation by directly activating neuronal regions to provide organizational changes. In male individuals, gender identity, gender behavior and sex orientation are driven by prenatal androgen action [34]. Basic gender identity is developed at the age of 2–3 years [35]. By this age, most children have become aware of gender stereotypes, for instance, through toy preference and clothing. It is interesting to note that in our four patients, most diagnostic signs of transgenderism were present early in life and persisted during adolescence and adult life. In addition, mental health disorders, particularly depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation, have frequently been reported by DES children [27,36] and also by our four patients, starting from early adolescence and then in adulthood. Moreover, in many countries, transgender people live at the margin of society, and despite a higher educational level, they have a lower socio-economic status.

Although research in the transgender field is increasing, the causal mechanisms have not been adequately identified yet [13,37]. Genetic [38,39], biological [1,4], anatomical [40,41] and environmental factors [42,43] have mainly been studied. A greater chance of transgender concordance among XY monozygotic tweens than dizygotic tweens [44] supports a genetic component. A significant association between female transgenderism and over-represented alleles and genotypes (estrogen receptor α, ERα; androgen receptor, AR; Steroid 5 Alpha-Reductase 2, SRD5A2; cytochrome 17, CYP17) has been identified by Foreman et al. [38]. These authors suggested that gender dysphoria may have a polygenetic basis that may alter the masculinization of the fetal brain, contributing to the development of a female transgender identity. Moreover, the second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D), a proxy of prenatal androgen activity, was recently found to be higher, i.e., feminized, in female transgender persons. This finding reinforces the role of reduced prenatal androgen activity in female transgenderism. Unfortunately, we could not scan the left hand of our patients [45]. The primacy of testosterone [19] activity during fetal life is a critical driver of brain androgenization and the subsequent male sex identity and behavior [39,40].

In many animal studies, EDC exposure during development has been associated with changes in sex behavior, such as disruption of the normal social preference behavior (rats) and alteration of the differentiation of relevant sexually dimorphic pathways (mouse, Japanese quail) [42,43]. The most convincing evidence linking testosterone to the establishment of the male gender identity comes from individuals with DSDs, such as XY complete androgen insensitivity syndrome [45], XY 5 alpha reductase deficiency [46] and XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) [47]. For example, individuals with 5 alpha reductase deficiency are usually reared as girls on the basis of their female external genitalia [47]. They change the initial gender assignment during puberty, when testosterone concentration increase can organize the brain structures and influence the adolescent gender identity and behavior. XX fetuses with CAH and exposed to a high testosterone level during prenatal life present a high risk of gender incongruence. The transgender prevalence among individuals with DSDs is much higher than in the general population, although there are substantial differences among DSD etiologies. In a European collaborative work from the DSD Life Study, 4% of the 1040 participants with DSDs reported gender variance [48]. In our four patients, no DSD was diagnosed at birth. Patients 1 and 2 presented unilateral cryptorchidism, which cannot be considered a clinical expression of a DSD on its own, but is a minor effect of in utero exposure to DES. The XY DSD related to insufficient or deficient androgen production or activity during fetal life contributes to the low male sex differentiation of the brain [34]. This will lead to disorders of male gender identity, male behavior and male sexual orientation. Therefore, fetal exposure to any chemicals that can reduce androgen production or action should be considered a transgender risk factor [17]. In 1991, Renish et al. reported that male patients exposed in utero to DES appeared to be feminized [49].

In 2005 and 2020, Kerlin et al. conducted a 5-year qualitative study of DES sons via the Association DES-Sons USA and analyzed a sample of 500 men with confirmed DES exposure. In total, 90 individuals with verified DES exposure identified as transsexual, transgender or gender dysphoric (personal data). In addition, 65 individuals with strongly suspected but not confirmed DES exposure also defined themselves as “transsexual, transgender or gender dysphoric”. Kerlin et al. carried out extensive surveys and interviews with several of them for more than 15 years that enabled a stronger verification of the full scope of DES-related effects (personal data).

Based on a study by Tournaire et al. [21,31], the DES doses administered in France (4050 mg < D < 7300 mg) were lower than those administered in the United States (7550 mg < D < 12,742 mg; doses varied in the different states). These authors investigated DES’s role in clear cell carcinoma development in DES daughters in France and proposed that early fetal exposure (administration beginning during the first trimester of pregnancy which represents most cases) is more important than the dose. We think that this hypothesis is valid also for our DES sons.

Conversely, Titus et al. [50] evaluated a cohort of 2694 DES sons and found little support to the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to DES influences the psychosexual characteristics of adult men. Troisi et al. [51], in a group of 1848 DES sons, reported an odds ratio of 1.4 of having a gay identity or bisexual identity (five of these individuals were transgender women). Similarly, our finding of four transgender women among 253 XY patients who were exposed to DES in utero (1.58%), a much higher rate than in the general population and probably underestimated because no epidemiological investigation has been carried out on this topic, strongly suggests that DES plays a role in male to female transgender development. DES displays antiandrogenic activity in all assays used [52]. Northern blotting and RT-PCR showed a significant downregulation of androgen responsive genes upon exposure to DES [53]. As a xenoestrogen, DES can also stimulate production of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the major androgen-binding protein in serum that reduces androgen’s ability to enter into the cell [54]. By reducing androgen production, bioactivity and action in target cells, DES must be considered an anti-androgen substance that can alter male sex differentiation of the brain and/or sex differentiation of the internal/external genitalia.

Differences in sex behavior may have correspondence in the brain architecture. Several studies reported an association between brain structure [15,55,56,57] and gender identity. Zhou et al. [58] first showed by brain imaging that the bed nucleus striae terminalis volume differs in men and women, and this is similar in transgender women and women. Garçia-Falgueras et al. [59], using brain imaging, found that the interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus volume is different between males and females and that its volume in transgender women is within the female range. Luders et al. reported regional gray matter variations in male-to-female transsexualism [55]. Lastly, Mueller et al. analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from transgender men and women and cisgender men and women. Based on their findings, they suggested that transgender persons present a specific brain phenotype [56]. Unfortunately, no MRI data were available for our four patients.

In conclusion, the presented clinical data from our DES cohort, experimental works and the endocrine consequences of environmental disruptors suggest for the first time that male to female transgenderism in DES sons is associated with DES exposure and is not a coincidental finding.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, L.G., M.-O.S.-G. and C.S.; methodology, M.-O.S.-G. and C.S.; validation, F.P. and S.K.; formal analysis, C.S.; investigation, M.-O.S.-G. and C.S.; resources, M.-O.S.-G.; data curation, C.S.; writing—original draft preparation, writing—review and editing, M.-O.S.-G. and C.S.; visualization, F.P. and S.K.; supervision, C.S.; project administration, M.-O.S.-G.; funding acquisition, M.-O.S.-G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

The APC was funded by HHORAGES Association.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of CHU Montpellier Pole 0078 Femme Mère Enfant protocol code 202301531/9-11-2023.

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Data Availability Statement

Data are contained within the article.

Acknowledgments

The authors warmly acknowledge M. D, S. F., Chr. P., and J. R. for their participation in answering questionnaires and interviews and analyses. This work could not continue without the daily ongoing support of the HHORAGES-France families and board, especially Mauricette P. (HHORAGES-France, a patient association, is registered at the Epidemiological Portal of French Health Databases INSERM (French National Institute for Medical Research) and AVIESAN (National Alliance for Life Sciences and Health) (epidemiologiefrance.aviesan.fr)), Yette B. and Aimée I. The authors also thank Elisabetta Andermarcher for corrections and relevant suggestions for the manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

M-OS-G is a researcher and President of the HHORAGES-France Association and a mother concerned with DES and other synthetic hormones. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. HHORAGES-France Association is financed exclusively by subscriptions and donations.

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Pope Paul V (Latin: Paulus V; Italian: Paolo V) (17 September 1550 – 28 January 1621), born Camillo Borghese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 16 May 1605 to his death, in January 1621. In 1611, he honored Galileo Galilei as a member of the papal Accademia dei Lincei and supported his discoveries.[2] In 1616, Pope Paul V instructed Cardinal Robert Bellarmine to inform Galileo that the Copernican theory could not be taught as fact, but Bellarmine's certificate allowed Galileo to continue his studies in search for evidence and use the geocentric model as a theoretical device. That same year Paul V assured Galileo that he was safe from persecution so long as he, the Pope, should live. Bellarmine's certificate was used by Galileo for his defense at the trial of 1633.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_V

Borghese

Recorded in many forms including Bourges, Bourgaize, Bourgeois, (France), Burgess, Burges and Burgis (England and Scotland), Borghese, Borgesio and Burgisi (Italy), and others, this interesting surname is of pre 8th century Old French origins. It derives from the word "burgeis", meaning inhabitant and FREEMAN of a fortified town, one which could apply municipal rates, taxes, and duties. A burgeis generally had tenure of land or buildings from a landlord by "burgage", which involved the payment of a fixed money rent. In Scotland, the position of burgess required not only the making of payments, but to be availble to take part in guarding the town. The surname is one of the earliest recorded anywhere in the world. These recordings are from England because this country was the first to adopt both hereditary surnames and to make the necessary registers in which to record them. France was several centuries later, and Italy, not until the 19th century in most areas. Early recordings showing the influence of the Norman-French in England after the Invasion of 1066 include: Ralph le Burgeis, in the Pipe Rolls of the county of Sussex in 1195, and Philip Bourges in the cartulary of Oseney Abbey, Oxford in 1197. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Geoffrey Burgeis, which was dated 1115, in the "Winton Rolls" of Hampshire. This was during the reign of King Henry 1st, known as "The Lion of Justice", 1100 - 1135. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. Over the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop", often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.

https://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Borghese

Facade of St Peter's

"Paul V Borghese, Roman, Pontiff, in 1612, the seventh of his pontificate, [built] in honour of the Prince of Apostles

On February 10, 1608 the first stone of the Facade was laid and on July 21, 1612 most of the work was completed. It took another two years for the ornamentation, and the basilica was finally consecrated by Urban VIII on November 18, 1926.

From the central balcony, called the Loggia of the Blessings, the new pope is announced with "Habemus Papum", and gives the Urbi et Orbi blessing (to the city and to the world) upon his election and at Christmas and Easter. The relief under the balcony, by Buonvicino, represents Christ giving the keys to St. Peter. The facade is 114.69 metres (376.3 ft) wide and 45.55 metres (149.4 ft) high and is built of travertine.

Above the basic structure is an attic, with eight square windows decorated with small pilasters, surmounted by a balustrade and 13 statues in travertine. The statues on the balustrade represent Christ the Redeemer (19 feet high), St. John the Baptist and 11 Apostles. St. Mathias is included because he is associated with the other "Eleven" in bearing witness to Christ's Resurrection. St Peter is not included because his statue is below in the Square.

When Carlo Maderno started to build the facade, he was bound to the already existing Michelangelo's wings. He just put the attic all around the building, as planned by Michelangelo. That creation looks mighty and dynamic along the west side of the Basilica but is disharmonious in the facade. For this reason, at the far sides of the facade, Maderno planned two bell towers which lightened and soared the building. In 1621, at the death of Paul V, the ground subsided and the building of the two bell towers had to be stopped.

In 1646, Bernini tried to erect the bell towers again, but had to demolish the left-hand side bell tower because of cracks in the facade. Only the bases of the bell towers remain, two archways at the sides of the facade that seem to form part of it while they should have been separated. This was remedied in 1790 by the installation of two clocks designed by Giuseppe Valadier.

The eight gigantic columns of the facade are almost 10ft wide and 90 feet high.

The restoration of the facade and the 13 statues, begun in April 1985, was concluded on November 30, 1986. The original copper cross (1613) in the arms of the statue of the Redeemer, which was replaced by a new one during the work, was given to the Knights of Columbus in recognition of their support for the restoration.

Sources:

Dom Basil Watkins, OSB (ed.), The Book of Saints, 2002

A. Sperandino, Works On The Facade of St Peter's Basilica, 1989

https://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Facade/Facade.htm

The Crown of Ba'al and Master Trusts of the World

The Crown of Ba'al, also known as the Papal Tiara and Triregnum is a three-tiered jewelled papal crown and symbol of claimed papal supremecy since the 16th Century. Since the 16th Century, it has featured prominently as part of the coat of arms of the Vatican, usually with the crossed keys of claims of authority from St Peter. Any text or other claim that alleges the three-tiered crown is older than the 16th Century is deliberately false.

Prior to Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) the antipopes of the Roman Cult wore fabric, not metallic headdress, similar to the Persian High Priests of Mithra. However in 1302 Boniface issued his infamous Papal Bull Unam Sanctam, being the first Express Trust claiming control over the whole planet and effectively "King of the world". In celebration, he commissioned a gold plated headdress in the shape of a pinecone, with an elaborate crown at its base.

The pinecone is an ancient symbol of fertility and one traditionally associated with Ba'al as well as the Cult of Cybele.

The 1st Crown of Crown Land

While Pope Boniface VIII was the first leader in history to create the concept of a Trust, the first Testamentary Trust through a deed and will creating a Deceased Estate was not until Pope Nicholas V in 1455 through the Papal Bull Romanus Pontifex. This is only one of three (3) papal bulls to include the line with the incipit "For a perpetual remembrance." This Bull had the effect of conveying the right of use of the land as Real Property from the Express Trust Unam Sanctam to the control of the Pontiff and his successors in perpetuity. Hence, all land is claimed as "crown land".

This 1st Crown is represented by the 1st cestui Que Vie Trust created when a child is born, depriving them of all their beneficial entitlements and rights on the land at birth.

The 2nd Crown of the Commonwealth

The second Crown was created in 1481 with the papal bull Aeterni Regis meaning "Eternal Crown" by Sixtus IV being only the 2nd of three papal bulls as deeds of testamentary trusts.

This Papal Bull created what is known as the "Crown of Aragon", later known as the Crown of Spain, being the highest sovereign and highest steward of all Roman Slaves subject to the rule of the Roman Pontiff. Spain lost the crown in 1604 when it was granted to King James I of England by Pope Paul V after the successful passage of the "Union of Crowns" or Commonwealth in 1605 after the false flag operation of the Gunpowder Plot.

The Crown was finally lost by England in 1975 when it was returned to Spain and King Carlos I, where it remains to this day.

This 2nd Crown is represented by the 2nd cestui Que Vie Trust created when a child is born being the sale of the birth certificate as a Bond to the private central bank of the nation, depriving them of ownership of their flesh and condemning them to perpetual servitude as a Roman person, or slave.

The 3rd Crown of the Ecclesiastical See

The third Crown was created in 1537 by Paul III through the papal bull Convocation also meant to open the Council of Trent being the third an final testamentary deed and will of a testamentary trust, being the trust set up for the claiming of all "lost souls", lost to the See.

The Venetians assisted in the creation of the 1st cestui Que Vie Act of 1540 to use this papal bull as the basis of Ecclesiastical authority of Henry VIII. This Crown was secretly granted to England in the collection and "reaping" of lost souls.

The Crown was lost in 1815 due to the deliberate bankruptcy of England and granted to the Temple Bar, which became known as the Crown Bar, or simply the Crown.

The Bar Associations have been responsible ever since in administering the "reaping" of the souls of the lost and damned, including the registration and collection of Baptismal certificates representing the souls collected by the Vatican and stored in its vaults.

This 3rd Crown is represented by the 3rd cestui Que Vie Trust created when a child is baptized being the grant of the Baptismal certificate by the parents to the church or Registrar being the gift of title of the soul. Thus, without legal title over one's own soul, a man or woman may be "legally" denied right to stand as a person, but may be treated as a creature and thing without legally possessing a soul. Hence, why the Bar Association is able to legally enforce Maritime law against men and women- because they can be treated as things, cargo that does not possess a soul.

https://web.archive.org/web/20220707074738/http://www.friendware.net/final_writs_rome/final_writs_Master_Trusts.html

The Knights Templar

From A Brief Historical Description by Professor Sir John Baker QC LLD FBA

Master of the Bench

The history of the Temple begins soon after the middle of the twelfth century, when a contingent of knights of the Military Order of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem moved from the Old Temple in Holborn (later Southampton House) to a larger site between Fleet Street and the banks of the River Thames. The new site originally included much of what is now Lincoln’s Inn, and the knights were probably responsible for establishing New Street (later Chancery Lane), which led from Holborn down to their new quarters. Following their custom, the knights built a round church patterned on the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. An inscription on the Round recorded that it was consecrated by the Patriarch Heraclius on 10 February 1185, in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is thought that King Henry II was also present on that day, inaugurating a long association between the royal family and the Temple.

Among the other buildings erected by the knights were dormitories, storehouses, stables, chambers, and two dining halls, one of them in the consecrated central portion and connected with the church by a cloister. It was a house fit for kings to stay in, and several did so. During a visit by King John in January 1215 he received a deputation of barons demanding a charter of liberties; and when the Great Charter was signed later in the year, the Master of the Temple was one of the witnesses. The knights took advantage of their special privileges to make their sanctuary a safe place for depositing treasure, and during the thirteenth century the New Temple became a busy financial centre. It was no doubt during this period that the first handful of lawyers came to live in the Temple, not as distinct societies but as legal advisers to a wealthy international organisation. The Templars thrived, adding to their round church a fine nave, which was consecrated in the presence of King Henry III in 1240. Many knights associated with the order were buried in the church, the most distinguished being William Marshal (d. 1219), first Earl of Pembroke and regent of England, the very model of medieval English chivalry, and one of the instigators of Magna Carta. Marshal’s armoured effigy, battered by time and war, may still be seen in the Round.

After losing the Holy Land in the 1290s, the order of the Temple fell into a decline. The knights were dubiously accused of improprieties, and in 1312 their order was dissolved. Although the pope granted their estates to the Knights Hospitaller of St John of Jerusalem, King Edward II seized the New Temple as forfeit to the Crown. Nevertheless, the consecrated portion was conceded to the Hospitallers, and the remainder was sold to them later.

https://www.innertemple.org.uk/who-we-are/history/the-inner-temple-history/the-knights-templar/

What was the Court of the Gentiles in the Jewish temple?

Answer

Herod’s temple, destroyed along with the rest of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD 70, contained four separate “courts,” separated from one another and each designed for a different purpose: the Court of the Gentiles, the Court of the Women, the Court of Israel (or the Court of Men), and the Court of Priests. The Court of the Gentiles is referred to as “the outer court” in Revelation 11:2.

The Court of the Gentiles was the outermost courtyard and the only area of the temple where non-Jews were allowed. As its name implies, the Court of the Gentiles was accessible to Gentiles, foreigners, and those who were considered impure. There, worshippers could mill about, exchange money, and even buy animals for sacrifices. It was from the Court of the Gentiles that Jesus, on two occasions (John 2:13–17; Matthew 21:12–13), drove out the money changers, declaring, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you make it a den of robbers” (Matthew 21:13). The Court of the Women, the only area of the temple complex in which women could worship, contained the poor boxes. One of these boxes was where the poor widow offered her two mites (Luke 21:1–4). Ceremonially clean Jewish men could enter the Court of Israel, and the Court of Priests, where the altar stood, was accessible only to Levitical priests.

Non-Jews were allowed to enter the Court of the Gentiles, but they were forbidden to go any farther than the outer court. The inner temple courtyards were enclosed by a balustrade, and at the entrances to it notices were posted in both Greek and Latin, warning foreigners and uncircumcised persons that crossing into one of the other courtyards was punishable by death. One of those ancient notices is now on display in a museum in Istanbul. On Paul’s last visit to Jerusalem, some Jews stirred up a crowd and grabbed Paul in the temple, alleging that he had taken Trophimus, a Gentile, into one of the forbidden courtyards (Acts 21:27–29). Paul was innocent of the charge, but the mob beat him with the intent to kill him; it was the quick action of a Roman garrison commander that preserved Paul’s life on that occasion (verses 30–34).

https://www.gotquestions.org/Court-of-the-Gentiles.html

Acts 21

1599 Geneva Bible

21 1 Paul goeth toward Jerusalem: 8 at Caesarea he talketh with Philip the Evangelist: 10 Agabus foretelleth him of his bonds. 17 After he came to Jerusalem, 26 and into the Temple, 27 The Jews laid hands on him: 32 Lysias the captain taketh him from them.

1 And [a]as we launched forth, and were departed from them, we came with a straight course unto Cos, and the day following unto the Rhodes, and from thence unto Patara.

2 And we found a ship that went over unto Phoenicia, and went aboard, and set forth.

3 And when we had discovered Cyprus, we left it on the left hand, and sailed toward Syria, and arrived at Tyre: for there the ship unladed the burden.

4 And when we had found disciples, we tarried there seven days. And they told Paul through the [b]Spirit, that he should not go up to Jerusalem.

5 But when the days were ended, we departed and went our way, and they all accompanied us with their wives and children, even out of the city: and we kneeled down on the shore, prayed.

6 Then when we had embraced one another, we took ship, and they returned home.

7 And when we had ended the course from Tyre, we arrived at Ptolemais, and saluted the brethren, and abode with them one day.

8 And the next day, Paul and we that were with him, departed, and came unto Caesarea: and we entered into the house of Philip the Evangelist, which was one of the [c]seven Deacons, and abode with him.

9 Now he had four daughters, virgins, which did [d]prophesy.

10 And as we tarried there many days, there came a certain Prophet from Judea, named Agabus.

11 And when he was come unto us, he took Paul’s girdle, and bound his own hands and feet, and said, Thus saith the holy Ghost, So shall the Jews at Jerusalem bind the man that owneth this girdle, and shall deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles.

12 And when we had heard these things, both we and others of the same place besought him that he would not go up to Jerusalem.

13 Then Paul answered, and said, What do ye weeping and breaking mine heart? For I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the Name of the Lord Jesus.

14 [e]So when he would not be persuaded, we ceased, saying, The will of the Lord be done.

15 And after those days we trussed up our fardels, and went up to Jerusalem.

16 There went with us also certain of the disciples of Caesarea, and brought with them one Mnason of Cyprus, an old disciple, with whom we should lodge.

17 And when we were come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly.

18 And the next day Paul went in with us unto James: and all the Elders were there assembled.

19 [f]And when he had embraced them, he told by order all things, that God had wrought among the Gentiles by his ministration.

20 [g]So when they heard it, they glorified God, and said unto him, Thou seest, brother, how many thousand Jews there are which believe, and they are all zealous of the Law:

21 Now they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews, which are among the Gentiles, to forsake Moses, and sayest that they ought not to circumcise their sons, neither to live after the customs.

22 What is then to be done? the multitude must needs come together: for they shall hear that thou art come.

23 Do therefore this that we say to thee. We have four men, which have made a vow,

24 Them take, and [h]purify thyself with them, and [i]contribute with them, that they may shave their heads: and all shall know, that those things, whereof they have been informed concerning thee, are nothing, but that thou thyself also walkest and keepest the Law.

25 For as touching the Gentiles, which believe, we have written, and determined that they observe no such thing, but that they keep themselves from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from that that is strangled, and from fornication.

26 Then Paul took the men, and the next day was purified with them, and entered into the Temple, [j]declaring the accomplishment of the days of the purification, until that an offering should be offered for everyone of them.

27 [k]And when the seven days were almost ended, the Jews which were of Asia (when they saw him in the Temple) moved all the people, and laid hands on him,

28 Crying, Men of Israel, help: this is the man that teachest all men everywhere against the people, and the Law, and this place: moreover, he hath brought Grecians into the Temple, and hath polluted this holy place.

29 For they had seen before Trophimus an Ephesian with him in the city, whom they supposed that Paul had brought into the Temple.

30 Then all the city was moved, and the people ran together: and they took Paul, and drew him out of the Temple, and forthwith the doors were shut.

31 [l]But as they went about to kill him, tidings came unto the chief captain of the band, that all Jerusalem was on an uproar.

32 Who immediately took soldiers and Centurions, and ran down unto them: and when they saw the chief captain and the soldiers, they left beating of Paul.

33 Then the chief Captain came near and took him, and commanded him to be bound with two chains, and demanded who he was, and what he had done.

34 And one cried this, another that, among the people. So when he could not know the certainty for the tumult, he commanded him to be led into the castle.

35 And when he came unto the grieces, it was so that he was borne of the soldiers, for the violence of the people.

36 For the multitude of the people followed after, crying, Away with him.

37 And as Paul should have been led into the castle, he said unto the chief captain, May I speak unto thee? Who said, Canst thou speak Greek?

38 Art not thou the [m]Egyptian who before these days raised a sedition, and led out into the wilderness four thousand men that were murderers?

39 Then Paul said, Doubtless, I am a man which am a Jew, and citizen of Tarsus, a famous city of Cilicia, and I beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people.

40 And when he had given him license, Paul stood on the grieces, and beckoned with the hand unto the people, and when there was made great silence, he spake unto them in the Hebrew tongue, saying,

Footnotes

Acts 21:1 Not only men simply, but even our friends, and such as are endued with the Spirit of God, do sometimes go about to hinder the course of our vocation: but it is our part to go forward without all stopping or staggering, after that we are sure of our calling from God.

Acts 21:4 They foretold through the Spirit what danger hanged over Paul’s head, and this they did as Prophets: but of a fleshly affection they frayed him from going to Jerusalem.

Acts 21:8 He speaketh of the seven Deacons which he mentioned before, Acts 6.

Acts 21:9 They had a peculiar gift of foretelling things to come.

Acts 21:14 The will of God bridleth all affections in them which earnestly seek the glory of God.

Acts 21:19 God is to be praised, who is the Author of all good sayings and deeds.

Acts 21:20 In things indifferent (of which sort were not the traditions of the Pharisees, but the ceremonies of the Law, until such time as Christian liberty was more fully revealed to the Jews) charity willeth us to conform or apply ourselves willingly so far as we may, to our brethren which do not stubbornly, and maliciously, resist the truth, but are not thoroughly instructed especially if the question be of a whole multitude.

Acts 21:24 That is, consecrate thyself: for he speaketh not here of the unclean, but of such as were subject to the vow of the Nazarites.

Acts 21:24 That it may be known, that thou wast not only present at the vow, but also a chief man in it: and therefore it is said afterwards, that Paul declared the days of purification: for although the charges for the Nazarites’ offerings were appointed, yet they might add somewhat unto them, Num. 6:21.

Acts 21:26 The Priests were to be advertised of the accomplishment of the days of the purification, because there were sacrifices to be offered the same day that their vow was ended.

Acts 21:27 A preposterous zeal is the cause of great confusion, and great mischiefs.

Acts 21:31 God findeth some even amongst the wicked and profane themselves, to hinder the endeavors of the rest.

Acts 21:38 Touching this Egyptian which assembled thirty thousand men, read Josephus, book 2, chap. 12.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2021&version=GNV

Monumento a Camillo Benso Conte di Cavour

Photographed by James Hulse, March 3, 2024

1. Monumento a Camillo Benso Conte di Cavour / Monument to Camillo Benso Count of Cavour Marker

Inscription. Click to hear the inscription.

The monument in honour of Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (1810-1861), the work of the Ferrara sculptor Stefano Galletti, was created following a public competition in 1885 and inaugurated in 1895, on the occasion of the celebrations of the 25th anniversary of Rome as the capital of Rome.

The work, about 17 meters high, consists of a granite base, surmounted by a high pedestal in Bardiglio marble, on which is placed the bronze statue of the great Piedmontese statesman, facing the Palace of Justice built by Guglielmo Calderini in 1882-1911. On the base of the pedestal rest four groups of bronze sculptures that allude to the Unification of Italy. To the south, at Cavour's feet, Italy and Rome, represented as warrior women: the first is standing, with the crown and the Savoy cross and a hand resting on the bundle of rods; the second is seated, with the Savoy shield and the helmet on her head. To the west and east are Thought and Action, both depicted as naked young men: the first half-reclining, with his head covered and his head bent; the second in the act of rising up with sword in hand. To the north, the Force, represented Paid Advertisement

from the lion that guards the urn of the plebiscite. Further down is the dedicatory inscription, the date and two bas-reliefs: behind the Action weapons of the House of Savoy from various eras, behind the Thought symbols of science, technology, geographical discoveries and political-philosophical thought, which want to signify Italian excellence and the foundation of Unity.

Great importance was given to the ceremony of laying the first stone in which the royals of Italy participated.

This is how "Il Messaggero" of Sunday, September 22, 1895 describes the event: "On March 14, 1885, in the presence of King Umberto, Queen Margherita, and many authorities, with a mischievous north wind, in a square in the Prati di Castello the policemen lowered the first stone of the monument to Camillo Benso Count of Cavour to the bottom of a hole.

Together with the block of marble that bore the date of the ceremony carved, a parchment and several coins and medals of the present era were lowered into the hole; the king and queen threw a few splatters of lime on it with a silver spoon, the municipal concert played the anthem.

When the notary Luci had finished reading the minutes, Duke Torlonia begged the king to sign it: King Umberto took one of the pens that were on the table located in the middle of the stage, and signed; then he passed the pen to the queen, who signed it too."

The

The view of the Marker in front of the Supreme Court building image. Click for full size.

Photographed by James Hulse, March 3, 2024

2. The view of the Marker in front of the Supreme Court building

Discovery of the First Stone

During the excavations for the construction of the underground car park in Piazza Cavour, in addition to archaeological finds from the Roman, early medieval and Renaissance periods, the foundation stone of the monument was found: a block of travertine (80x80x30 cm) placed about 10 m deep, on the vertical of the statue, inside the imposing foundation nut.

In a rectangular compartment carved into the upper side of the stone was kept the sealed lead tube containing a parchment, two silver coins and one gold coin. The parchment reported the history of the construction of the monument and the description of the ceremony of laying the foundation stone. The tube was opened during a public ceremony on 18 October 2010, in the presence of the Mayor of Rome Giovanni Alemanno, the Secretary General Liborio Iudicello, the Councillor for Cultural Policies and Communication Umberto Croppi and the Superintendent of Cultural Heritage Umberto Broccoli.

Captions

(Photo #1) Inauguration of the monument to Cavour, 20 September 1895. (Museum of Rome, Photographic Archive)

(Photo #2) Piazza Cavour in about

1930 (Photo #3) Inauguration of the monument to Cavour, September 20, 1895. In the background buildings of the square under construction (Museum of Rome, Photographic Archive)

(Photo

The Monument to Camillo Benso Count of Cavour image. Click for full size.

Photographed by James Hulse, March 3, 2024

3. The Monument to Camillo Benso Count of Cavour

#4) Foundation stone of the monument to Cavour found in 2010

(Photo #5) Foundation stone with lead pipe containing parchment and coins (October 2010)

English:

The monument in honour of Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (1810-1861), work of the sculptor Stefano Galletti of Ferrara, was chosen by public competition in 1885 and inaugurated in 1895 to mark the 25 anniversary of Rome as capital of a United Italy.

The work, which stands 17 meters tall, is composed of a granite base topped with a high pedestal in bardiglio marble upon which a bronze statue of the Piemontese statesman stands facing the Palace of Justice, designed and built by Guglielmo Calderini from 1882-1911.

Resting against the base are four groups of sculptures in bronze that refer to the unification of Italy. On the south face, at Cavour's feet, Italy and Rome are represented as female warriors, the first standing holding a wreath and cross of the House of Savoy with one hand resting on a bundle of rods, the second seated holding a shield of the House of Savoy and wearing a helmet. The east and west faces are Thought and Action both depicted as nude youth, the first semireclining with covered face and downcast head, the other in the act of rising with sword in hand. On the north side is Force represented by a lion that

Camillo Benso Count of Cavour - 1st Prime Minister of Italy image. Click for full size.

Public Domain - Artist Antonio Ciseri - Wikipedia Commons, 1861

4. Camillo Benso Count of Cavour - 1st Prime Minister of Italy

Inscription on the back of the canvas: Ant. Ciseri painted it in Florence from a photograph, towards the end of 1861

guards a ballot box. Beneath is the dedicatory inscription, the date and two bas-reliefs. The relief behind Action shows weapons of the House of Savoy from various periods, while behind Thought are symbols of the sciences, technology, geographical discoveries, and political and philosophical thought which allude to Italian excellence and the fundamental importance of unity.

Great importance was given to the ceremony of the placing of the first stone, attended by the Italian royalty. In its Sunday edition of September 22, 1895, the Roman newspaper "Il Messaggero" described the event with these words:

"On March 14th, 1885 in piazza dei Prati di Castello, under a brisk north wind, King Umberto, Queen Margherita and many high officials presided over the lowering into place of the first foundation stone of a monument to Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour.

Together with the block of marble bearing the date of the ceremony, members of the city police force also lowered into the pit a parchment, and some coins and medals of the time. The King and Queen sprinkled the objects with lime from a silver spoon while the city band an anthem.

The notary, Mr. Luci read a record of the proceedings which the Duke Torlonia asked the King to sign. King Umberto took a pen from the table in the middle of the platform and signed the document before passing the Paid Advertisement

pen to the Queen who also signed it."

The discovery of the foundation stone

During excavations for the construction of an underground car park in Piazza Cavour, in addition to the uncovering of archaeological finds from ancient Rome, the high Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the foundation stone of the monument was discovered. A block of travertine marble (80x80x30 cm), it lay at a depth of 10 meters beneath the statue, within the area of the monument's imposing base. In a rectangular space ace carved in to the top side of the block was a sealed lead tube which contained a parchment, one gold and two silver coins. The parchment reported the story of the monuments design and construction and the ceremony of the placing of the first stone. The tube was opened during a public ceremony on October 18, 2010 in the presence of the Mayor Giovanni Alemanno, the Secretary General Liborio Ludicello, the city Counsellor for Culture and Communication Umberto Croppi and the Superintendent of Monuments and Cultural Properties Umberto Broccoli.

Captions

Photo #1: Inauguration of the Monument to Cavour, September 20, 1895. (Museum of Rome, Photographic Archive)

Photo #2: Piazza Cavour around 1930

Photo #3: Inauguration of the Monument to Cavour, September 20, 1895. In the background, buildings of the square under construction. (Museum of Rome, Photographic Archive)

Photo #4: Foundation stone of the Monument to Cavour found in 2010

Photo #5: Foundation stone with the lead tube containing the parchment and coins (October 2010)

Erected by Roma Capitale, Department of Cultural Policies and Historic Center, Superintendence for Cultural Heritage.

Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Architecture • Arts, Letters, Music. A significant historical date for this entry is March 14, 1885.

Location. 41° 54.311′ N, 12° 28.2′ E. Marker is in Roma, Lazio (Latium, Rome), in Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale. It is in Prati. It is at the intersection of Piazza Cavour and Via Cicerone on Piazza Cavour. The marker is located in the Piazza Cavour in front of the Supreme Court building. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: Piazza Cavour SNC, Roma, Lazio 00193, Italy. Touch for directions.

Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker: Ponte Umberto I / Umberto I Bridge (about 240 meters away, measured in a direct line); Church of Saint Mary in the Gate of Paradise (approx. 0.6 kilometers away); Vincenzo Monti and Costanza Monti Perticari (approx. 0.6 kilometers away); Palazzo Incontro (approx. 0.6 kilometers away); Vittorio Emanuele II Bridge (approx. 0.6 kilometers away); Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel (approx. 0.7 kilometers away); Church of St. Louis of the French (approx. 0.7 kilometers away); Saint Louis of the French (approx. 0.7 kilometers away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Roma.

Also see . . . Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour. Wikipedia

Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (Italian: [kaˈmillo ˈbɛnso]; 10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as the Count of Cavour (/kəˈvʊər/ kə-VOOR; Italian: Conte di Cavour [ˈkonte di kaˈvur]) or simply Cavour, was an Italian politician, statesman, businessman, economist, and noble, and a leading figure in the movement towards Italian unification. He was one of the leaders of the Historical Right and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1852, a position he maintained (except for a six-month resignation) until his death, throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Giuseppe Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy. After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office and did not live to see the Roman Question solved through the complete unification of the country after the Capture of Rome in 1870.

(Submitted on February 9, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas.)

Credits. This page was last revised on February 9, 2025. It was originally submitted on February 6, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas. This page has been viewed 293 times since then and 46 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3, 4. submitted on February 9, 2025, by James Hulse of Medina, Texas.

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=265971

The Cox Report's 'Dirty Little Secret'

Arms Control Today

Jonathan D. Pollack

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To the uninitiated reader, the Cox Report presents an ominous picture of pervasive, sustained Chinese espionage and illicit technology acquisition breathtaking in its scope, scale and effectiveness. The document alleges extreme laxity in U.S. security procedures and a seriously flawed export control process, both of which were purportedly exploited by China's intelligence organizations and weapons manufacturers. In the committee's view, these actions were knowingly abetted by American scientists prepared to disclose U.S. nuclear weapons secrets and by American aerospace firms intent on securing commercial advantage with China, irrespective of the national security consequences.

Given the substantial excisions in the declassified version of the report, it is impossible to fully assess the potential consequences of China's acquisition of U.S. nuclear weapons design and technical information, however Beijing acquired such data. The report's judgments are sweeping and unequivocal, but the evidence supporting these claims seems far more limited and ambiguous, suggesting that the compromise of information may have been far less extensive than asserted by the report's authors.

But the study's shortcomings extend well beyond its inferences and assertions; they concern its basic premises and assumptions. Despite the document's prodigious bulk and detail, it is remarkably ahistorical. In particular, it is almost totally devoid of reference to the political, military, intelligence, and dual-use technology ties with China assiduously pursued at the highest levels of the U.S. government during the 1970s and 1980s.

Specific espionage claims must be investigated fully, and the acute lapses in security procedures at U.S. weapons laboratories undoubtedly require immediate attention. But instead of telling a larger story, the committee simply accumulates disparate information from an array of sources from which worst-case judgments were then drawn. As a consequence, media coverage focused almost exclusively (and uncritically) on the most sensational allegations, failing to ask how and why the United States and China were drawn into ever-closer dealings with one another.

Amid the report's dire claims and forecasts, a dirty little secret goes entirely unmentioned. From the very onset of the Sino-U.S. relationship in the early 1970s, successive Republican and Democratic administrations believed that the enhancement of Chinese power—as a counterbalance to Soviet power—was in the national security interest of the United States, and persistently sought to advance this goal in the ensuing two decades. This U.S. commitment was repeatedly imparted to senior Chinese officials in both word and deed. The United States was intent on strengthening relations in a host of highly sensitive areas and shaping China's expectations of the United States and its pursuit of U.S. high technology. The Chinese may well have exploited these opportunities by all available means, but they were walking through a door that the U.S. government had long since decided to open.

The U.S. negotiating record with China amply confirms this judgment. From the earliest years of Sino-American relations, senior U.S. officials (including then National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger) provided Chinese interlocutors with highly sensitive U.S. intelligence data on Soviet military capabilities and deployments—without the Chinese having ever solicited this information. The Nixon administration sought to coordinate its diplomatic and security actions with China in Vietnam, in South Asia, and in relation to Taiwan, Japan and Korea. Under President Ford, the United States explicitly encouraged major European allies to relax their export policies toward China, including on weapons sales; the Chinese were regularly kept informed of these actions. U.S. policymakers also sought to find the means to permit sales of U.S. computers to China that it would not export to the Soviet Union.

Under the Carter administration, these ties broadened and deepened. The United States provided Chinese officials with regular intelligence briefings; both countries also undertook active intelligence collaboration (in part to monitor Soviet compliance with the SALT accords). Other programs heightened collaboration against Soviet actions in Afghanistan and Vietnamese actions in Cambodia. These activities accelerated further under the Reagan administration, including the provision (with Chinese assistance) of U.S. Stinger anti-aircraft missiles to mujaheddin insurgents resisting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

But the Reagan administration's decision to expedite technology transfer to China bears most directly on the report's findings. As the Chinese sought to develop a civilian industrial base where none or little had existed before, technology transfer from the United States was pivotal. Much of this effort involved technologies and know-how with inherent relevance to both civilian and military programs. It included provision of a massive array of technical and design data for assembly of McDonnell-Douglas aircraft in Shanghai, including an MD-82 coproduction agreement signed in 1985—the largest U.S.-Chinese industrial project of the past two decades.

The Cox Report documents Chinese violations of U.S. export control regulations in the purchase and disposition of advanced machine tools from McDonnell-Douglas. But the larger collaborative effort (designed to meet exacting Federal Aviation Administration certification standards for indigenous production of commercial aircraft in China) was comprehensive in its scope. By enhancing a wide array of technical skills and industrial-technology applications required in aircraft manufacture, the project facilitated the skill base of the Chinese aviation industry as a whole, including the military sector.

The report also fails to acknowledge that the Reagan administration initiated foreign military sales (FMS) programs to China, including sales to military end-users, provision of technical know-how to Chinese military research and development, and active collaboration between U.S. defense contractors and Chinese counterparts. By 1987, these programs comprised avionics packages for Chinese combat aircraft, sales of anti-submarine warfare torpedos and gas turbine engines for the Chinese navy (the latter still in use on Chinese destroyers), sales of artillery-locating radar and the upgrading of artillery production capabilities. Other transactions included sales of Blackhawk helicopters and an array of non-lethal military equipment.

Successive U.S. administrations were not oblivious to the multiple implications of U.S. technology transfer to China. The commercial links were undoubtedly important, but the security implications were also inescapable. A more militarily credible China would be better able to counter Soviet power, and it would require the Soviet Union to deploy additional military assets in Asia. It was also assumed that (in return for U.S. technological assistance) the Chinese would exercise political and military restraint in relation to Taiwan, Japan and Korea.

The United States therefore saw China as an asset rather than a threat to U.S. security interests. Senior Chinese leaders acknowledged Chinese industrial and military backwardness to U.S. officials and corporate representatives, and they also made clear the longer-term Chinese intention to emerge as an advanced industrial, technological, scientific and military power. The Chinese repeatedly urged the United States to further relax its export control policies, and likely assumed that the United States would quietly facilitate Chinese efforts to acquire an extensive array of dual-use technologies.

Additional developments throughout the latter half of the 1980s—including purchase of more advanced computers, acquisition of sophisticated machine tools, prospective sales of nuclear reactors, and an explosive growth in the training of Chinese scientists and students in the United States—attested to the consolidation of U.S.-China relations, with an ever-increasing focus on advancing China's technical and industrial capabilities, many with potential relevance to China's military modernization.

In addition, following the Challenger space shuttle disaster, the Reagan administration approved launches of U.S. satellites from Chinese rockets. It was hardly a state secret that Chinese launch vehicles (the Long March 3-B and 2-E) were derived from the same family of missiles used to deliver Chinese nuclear weapons, and that the space launch program was overseen by Chinese military personnel. Underwriting the costs of Chinese launches (there have been approximately 30 launches involving U.S. aerospace companies since 1988) undoubtedly enhanced Chinese space capabilities.

In the aftermath of several egregious launch failures in 1995 and 1996, Hughes, Loral and other major aerospace companies reviewed Chinese assessments of these failures, though Chinese aerospace personnel bristled at the implied criticisms of their programs offered by foreign experts. Alleged violations of U.S. export control provisions and security procedures by several of these companies remain under investigation. But U.S. companies had an obvious incentive to encourage the Chinese to pinpoint and remedy design and manufacturing flaws in the launch vehicles, since further catastrophic failures would have jeopardized their collaborative programs. These reviews by U.S. engineers and technical personnel very likely reinforced modifications in launch vehicle designs that the Chinese themselves had begun to consider. So construed, the Chinese benefitted from U.S. technical expertise. But it defies comprehension that it was in anyone's interest to depend on unreliable launch vehicles.

However, the Tiananmen crisis of 1989 had shattered the working consensus between the executive branch and the Congress on closer U.S.-China relations. Equally significant, the collapse of the Soviet Union eroded the strategic assumptions underlying U.S.-Chinese defense collaboration. The Bush administration sought to retain some of these dealings, but changes in U.S. strategy were already underway, including a substantial augmentation of U.S. military sales to Taiwan as the Chinese increasingly pursued weapons purchases from Russia. The Clinton administration, with intermittent success and also some major setbacks, sought to restore a modicum of civility in Sino-U.S. military relations, but it was not prepared to revisit the post-Tiananmen sanctions precluding military sales to China. At the same time, the scope of U.S. defense links with Taiwan continued to grow during the 1990s.

Thus, the Cox Report appears when the strategic divergence between the United States and China has widened, and when the Chinese are increasingly assertive about longer-term modernization goals that are no longer animated by animosities with Moscow. Indeed, Russia and China share common cause in seeking to inhibit, or at least caution, the United States from the unilateral exercise of its military power. One does not need to subscribe to the more conspiratorial Chinese renderings of U.S. strategy to discern the essential Chinese logic: officials in Beijing see the United States as intent on impeding the growth of Chinese national power and the enhancement of its strategic position.

Given the deliberate pace of Chinese weapons development, it is far from certain that Beijing deems a major acceleration of its weapons programs as either feasible or warranted. Indeed, China's enhancement of its strategic weapons capabilities has remained measured and incremental. If the Cox Committee's claims of Chinese possession of a full array of U.S. nuclear weapons information are accurate, it makes little sense that Beijing would have failed to exploit this knowledge. But if the Chinese conclude that the United States views China in essentially malign terms, an enhanced Chinese national defense effort, quite possibly including accelerated modernization of Chinese strategic weapons capabilities, seems very likely.

But the much larger transformation underway in China concerns the country's mushrooming involvement in global commerce, not its military development. Even as many in the United States exhibit increased unease about the implications of the growth of Chinese military power, the scale and scope of U.S.-Chinese commercial and technological interactions has never been greater. Information and technology flows between the two countries have accelerated dramatically over the past decade; as a consequence, the provision of high-end U.S. technologies to China far exceeds the undertakings of the 1980s. Short of a draconian effort to restrict these transactions and to pursue far more binding multilateral export controls, the momentum of these developments will not be slowed significantly, let alone reversed. Moreover, any such effort would very likely prove self-defeating, both politically and commercially.

Indeed, less than three weeks after release of the report, the committee chairman, Representative Christopher Cox, endorsed a major relaxation of constraints on U.S. computer exports to China. By consenting to a fivefold increase in the allowable speed of computers to be licensed for export to China, he acceded to inescapable commercial and technological realities, even as the committee's report had spoken in worrisome tones about the diverse applications such higher-speed computers could permit.

Although the United States still endeavors to fence off (both literally and figuratively) those activities with immediate national security implications, it is increasingly difficult to square this circle. In the final analysis, the dire tone of the Cox Report says far more about the United States than it does about China. Resolving this fundamental ambivalence about the growth of Chinese power may not prove possible, but the effects of an ominously worded document could make the search for a tolerable center of gravity in the Sino-American relationship ever more difficult.

https://www.armscontrol.org/act/1999-04/cox-reports-dirty-little-secret

This US church with expansion in its DNA wants to open a temple in China

James Griffiths

By James Griffiths, CNN

16 min read

Updated 11:14 PM EDT, Thu June 11, 2020

A statue of the angel Moroni, a key character in Mormon theology, seen on top of the Hong Kong Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Hong Kong

CNN

—

Every Sunday, when members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) meet in the conference room of a blue-glass skyscraper in downtown Shanghai, one person always takes a seat right at the back, by the doors.

They are there to intercept the wrong person coming in. This is not to protect any religious mysteries; Mormonism is not a particularly secretive faith and usually seeks out new converts, but because if a Chinese passerby were to join the service, it could mean all those taking part were breaking the law.

There are only five state-sanctioned religious associations in China, all under the tight control of the Communist Party. Others walk a delicate legal tightrope, with the threat of a crackdown always hanging over their heads. While the government tolerates foreigners practicing their religion and attending services together, it takes a hard line against anything approaching proselytising or missionary work, a prohibition the Mormon Church takes seriously.

“We have to ask to see if they have a foreign passport to attend,” said Jason, a lifelong member of the Church who worked in Shanghai for almost a decade until relocating back to the United State in 2018. “I have frequently been this person watching the doors and on many occasions I have sadly had to turn away Chinese citizens who wished to worship with us.”

And that is during the good times. In recent years, the Chinese government has increased its regulation of religious worship, launched crackdowns against underground churches and instituted new restrictions on those faiths which operate in the grey area of only catering to foreigners.

So the Church’s announcement on April 5, that it plans to open a temple in Shanghai, the first ever in mainland China, was seen by some as a bold decision.

The Church claims it won’t change anything, but the idea that a US church with expansion in its DNA could open an official temple in China is likely to be controversial – and may not be allowed by Beijing. Already, authorities in Shanghai have suggested that the announcement was made without their prior approval, even as experts said the Church would likely never have revealed the plans without a clear go ahead.

In Salt Lake City, Utah, the spiritual headquarters of the US-based Church, Jason “could hardly believe” the news.

“I couldn’t have imagined that we would ever have a temple in Shanghai at this time,” he said. “Immediately, my WeChat started lighting up as we were all expressing joy and excitement with our China friends.”

Jason is a pseudonym. Like several other current members of the Church interviewed for this story, he requested anonymity to speak about its functioning in China without the permission of Church leadership.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints declined multiple requests for an interview for this story, referring CNN to a website about its operations in China and President Russell Nelson’s statement on April 5.

Members watch as Russell M. Nelson President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter -Day Saints, makes an announcement in January 2017. Nelson said this April that the Church will open a temple in Shanghai. George Frey/Getty Images North America/Getty Images

In the beginning

Founded in upstate New York by Joseph Smith in 1830, it took the Mormon Church some 117 years to grow from six initial members to its first million. Today, it claims more than 16.5 million members globally, with most outside the US.

While the true size of the church is debated (some say they include members who are no longer active) one thing is clear: the massive growth of the Church has been achieved through the work of thousands of missionaries.

Smith said he received a revelation in February 1831, in which God told his followers to “go forth in my name, every one of you” and “build up my church in every region.”

That is how the Church arrived in China over a century and a half ago.

Its start in the country, however, was less than auspicious. In 1853, its then-leader Brigham Young dispatched three missionaries to British-controlled Hong Kong, then a common staging ground for those seeking to spread the gospel in China.

When they arrived, however, they realized that China was in the midst of a bloody civil war, making travel outside of Hong Kong exceptionally dangerous. Their reception in the city was not much better, as the English-language press ran lurid articles about the Mormon faith and accused the faith of blasphemy. Their funds running out, they struggled even to find a Chinese teacher.

“Our staying here to learn the Chinese language without one friend or one possible recourse to us appears totally impractable (sic),” the missionaries wrote in a letter to church leaders as, less than two months after they had arrived in Asia, they boarded a ship bound for California, historian Stephen Prince recounts in his biography of one of the missionaries, Hosea Stout.

A sign outside the Hong Kong China Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Wendy Keeler/Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

It was not until 1949 that the Church established a permanent presence in Hong Kong, with the intention again of using the city to get a foothold into China.

“Nearly one billion of our Father’s children live in China,” then-President Spencer Kimball said in 1978. “If we could only make a small beginning in every nation, soon the converts among each kindred and tongue could step forth as lights to their own people.”

Beginning in 1980, Church leadership began reaching out to the Chinese authorities to try to get permission to operate in the country, and in 1986, small church branches – meeting houses – were organized in Beijing and Xi’an, though only those holding foreign passports were permitted to attend. According to the Church, today there are around 10 meeting houses across mainland China. By comparison, there are around the same number in Hong Kong alone, and more than 50 meeting houses in self-governed Taiwan, where the Church claims around 61,000 members.

Despite this apparent lack of progress, Church leaders say they have built a strong relationship with the Chinese authorities, and in 2010 they announced moves to “regularize” their activities in the country.

“The Church deeply appreciates the courtesy of the Chinese leadership in opening up a way to better define how the Church and its members can proceed with daily activities, all in harmony with Chinese law,” spokesman Michael Otterson said at the time. “They have become thoroughly familiar with us through numerous contacts, and they have seen how we and our members operate in China. They know that we are people of our word when it comes to respecting Chinese law and cultural expectations.”

Currently, two types of Mormon worship are permitted in China: services for foreign nationals, and services for Chinese nationals who converted while overseas. The two are kept separate, and the Church is careful to avoid any sign of seeking to expand its Chinese membership within the country. Unlike with other countries in which it operates, however, the church does not provide membership figures for China.

Building trust

The Chinese Communist Party has always had an uneasy relationship with religion. The state is officially atheist, and the tens of millions of Party members are barred from holding religious beliefs.

Despite a constitutional commitment to religious freedom, only a handful of faiths are permitted to operate, each under umbrella organizations with strong links to the Communist Party.

Two are considered domestic faiths – Buddhism and Taoism – while the others are foreign religions, with varying historical pedigrees in the country, Islam, Protestantism and Catholicism, though Chinese Catholic organizations operate separately to Rome.

Other religions fall into a grey area: the State Council says it is “open” to foreign organizations – but only if they respect China’s sovereignty and principle of religious self-administration.

In practice, this means religious bodies’ first loyalty must be to the Communist Party, not a foreign Church leadership. This point has caused a long-standing rift with the Vatican since the establishment of the People’s Republic, and Chinese Catholics operate separately to the global church, though some progress has been made towards rapprochement in recent years.

Despite this, religious practice is on the rise. But alongside this growth in belief has come increased suspicion of “foreign” religions, particularly Islam and Christianity (though both have long-histories in China). Muslims in the far-western region of Xinjiang have had their religious practices strictly curtailed, while underground Christian churches, once broadly tolerated, have been cracked down upon.

Indeed, around the time Nelson was making the announcement of the new temple, International Christian Concern, a US-based advocacy group, said that believers holding Easter services online were raided by the authorities. Local police could not be reached for comment, the Early Rain Covenant Church which organized the service is considered an “underground,” or unlicensed, operation and has previously been ordered to cease activities, according to Human Rights Watch.

“The Chinese government is very suspicious of religion as a vehicle for potential political opposition,” said William Nee, a Hong Kong-based researcher for Amnesty International.

A statue of Brigham Young, second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints stands in the center of Salt Lake City, Utah with the Mormon Temple spires in the background. GEORGE FREY/AFP/AFP via Getty Images

Pierre Vendassi, an expert on Christianity in China, said that the government “is mainly trying to take back the control over religious activities, and uses full force to do so, after a period of time when people could almost freely opt for unregistered, unmonitored religious activities, without facing any consequences, most of the time.”

“Now the message is clear: either accept state control, monitoring and restrictions, or face state hostility,” he said. “For the Christian activities, the purpose is to get house churches and Catholic underground church back under control.”

As far as non-official faiths go, the Mormon Church is perhaps the gold standard for such a group in China. Current and former members, as well as outside observers, agreed that the Church is scrupulous about following Chinese law and avoiding anything that could be seen as proselytization.

Nee contrasted this with “other forms of Protestant Christianity or evangelical traditions coming out of the US, who have a much more aggressive or underground strategy for spreading the faith.”

Sarah, a Mormon who worked as a university professor for several years in China, said she “did not tell people what church I belonged to or even if I belonged to a church.”

“Some friends would ask me if I was Christian. I would say yes (but) we do not talk about it in China,” she said. “They would nod and agree. That is as far as the conversation would go.”

Marcelo Gameiro, a Church member living in Shanghai, said that he does not talk about the church “because it is against the law.”

“But I don’t hide (that) I am a member of the church,” he added. “When I was in Huzhou, I used to go to the Hangzhou branch, it took me three hours to get there, and people started to notice I was going somewhere every Sunday dressed in a tie, so I did tell them where I was going with no problem, I just did not preach the gospel to anyone.”

Sarah said she would “occasionally see Christian religious groups that would come in and rather openly flout the rules of China.” Korean students would get scholarships in China and then try and convert their classmates.

“Several times I talked to them about it, I asked is this the right thing to do, are you making a good example,” she said. “I heard from Chinese people who got rather angry because people would come from other countries and give away Bibles and start conversations about religion, and they would say we are not allowed to talk about this in China.”

A screenshot of a dedicated website set up by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for members in China.

Playing the long game

John Wakefield, a now ex-Mormon who came to Hong Kong as a missionary in the 1980s and still lives in the city, said a big part of the Mormon religion is “we’re going to convert the whole world” and that it’s the fastest growing church in the world. “For them, numbers are really important,” he said.

Another former Mormon, Bryce Bushman, who lived in China for almost four years, where he worked as an urban planner and designer, said that: “Mormon doctrine states that the LDS Church will eventually cover the whole Earth.”

“It’s considered a prophecy, something that is definitely going to happen at some point in the future,” he said. “This gives both the church organization and the members of the church a kind of patient confidence that eventually every nation on earth will allow Mormon missionaries to proselyte and establish church congregations.”

Mormon doctrine also permits “baptisms for the dead,” allowing for the potential salvation of those already deceased, who can then “choose to accept or reject what has been done in their behalf.” This alleviates somewhat the need to spread the word of Jesus to people before they die, has been stated as a motivation for some evangelical missionaries to take great risks in the name of saving souls.

This patience allows the Church to play the long game in China, confident that one day it will be able to bring its message to the country’s vast population.

Josh Steimle, a practicing Mormon who lived in the Chinese city of Shenzhen for two years, said it “would have been so easy to pass along the URL to a Church website to someone who was curious, or give them a Book of Mormon, or a pamphlet about the Church.”

“It was very difficult because we’re a Church that believes in sharing what we believe, and we’re always being encouraged to be good missionaries, and then to move to China and be told to not say a word about what we believe seems to be contrary to everything we’ve been taught,” he added. “But it’s all about the long term vs. the short term. If we shared our beliefs in violation of Chinese law, a few people might join our Church and then the Church would be shut down and kicked out of the country.”

A woman decorates a grave during the Qing Ming festival, also known as Tomb Sweeping Day, at a cemetery in Shanghai on April 6, 2018. Traditional religious practice is growing in China, but the government tightly controls foreign faiths. JOHANNES EISELE/AFP/AFP via Getty Images

Temple doctrine

On paper, a temple should not be too much for the Chinese authorities to stomach.

In its description of the proposed temple in Shanghai, the Church is clear that this does not represent a climactic shift, nor will the Chinese temple be anything like the grand white stone buildings that dot many American cities.

“It would be modest in appearance. It would fit and be consistent with local custom and environment as a place of peace, tranquility, and dignity,” the Church said of the proposed temple, which it said is intended to serve as a replacement for the Hong Kong building, which is currently closed for “long-planned maintenance and renovation.”

It said that entry will be limited to Chinese members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – those who have converted overseas and returned to China – adding that this “does not represent a change in the legal status” or the ability of missionaries to operate in China.

Unlike a regular church, Mormon temples are not open to non-members, and even those within the Church must be considered in good standing and receive a “recommend” from a Church official in order to enter.

While the Church appears to be downplaying the significance of a potential temple, all current and former members interviewed by CNN agreed that it would be a major achievement.

Steimle said that it was “difficult to express how big of a deal this is for me, personally, other members of the Church who have ties to China, and really to the entire Church membership worldwide. It’s going to be a very small temple, but it’s a huge thing for the Church.”

Temples are where the most important and sacred Mormon ceremonies are carried out, including baptisms and “celestial marriages.”

If established, the temple would not be the first active place of worship in Shanghai for an unofficial religion. In recent years, limited services have been held at the Ohel Rachel Synagogue, a historic building that predates the establishment of the Communist state. Most Jews in China however continue to practice behind closed doors, in arrangements similar to Mormon meeting houses.

Whether Mormons in China will be able to get nearer to that presence remains to be seen. In a statement issued two days after the Church’s announcement, the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs said that “according to the relevant laws and regulations of China, foreigners are not allowed to set up religious organizations or venues for religious activities in China.”

The bureau denied any knowledge of plans for a temple in Shanghai, saying they were the “wishful thinking of the Mormon Church in the United States.”

When CNN asked the Church about the current status of the project, a spokesman would only provide a link to the Church’s website detailing plans for the temple and how it would operate. Church representatives would neither confirm nor deny the veracity of the original statement announcing the temple. However, since reporting on this story began, reference to the Shanghai temple has been removed from the Church’s website, though it is still available on an archived version of the page.

Vendassi, the expert on religion in China, said that despite this apparent denial by the authorities, a temple may still end up opening at some point in the near future.

“If an LDS temple has been announced in Shanghai, I think it means they probably had a ‘go’ from Chinese officials to do so,” Vendassi said. “Even if the government says it is a unilateral statement – they actually have no interest in making a bilateral statement, because that would send a message of religious openness.”

Nee, the Amnesty researcher, said that while there was no reason on paper for the Chinese authorities to object to a temple, he doubted whether officials “would be willing to understand the nuances of religions and their theologies” in order to permit such an institution.

As a uniquely American religion, Mormonism’s hopes in China may also be hurt by worsening relations between Washington and Beijing. In the same month the Shanghai temple was announced, Senator Mitt Romney said the coronavirus pandemic had exposed China’s “grand strategy for economic, military and geopolitical domination.”

Romney is by no means alone in criticizing Beijing, but as the country’s highest-ranking elected Mormon, his words may carry more weight with China’s leaders when they are considering the Church’s position there.

Over 20,000 members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sing a song together at first session of the 189th Annual General conference of the church at the Conference Center on April 6, 2019 in Salt Lake City, Utah. George Frey/Getty Images North America/Getty Images

China change

If the Mormon Church does have to exercise more patience before they open a temple in mainland China, what are a few more years or decades after a century and a half?

Responding to a question of when China would be open to missionaries in 1991, Elder Dallin Oaks – a senior Church leader – said that “I state my belief that China is already ‘open’ – it is we who are closed … We must understand their way of thinking … observe their laws, and follow their example of patience.”

Quoting Mormon scripture, Oaks added that God “will bring His purposes to pass in that great nation ‘in his own time, and in his own way, and according to his own will’.”

Mormons who lived in China spoke of the country with great fondness, despite the restrictions placed on how they worshipped there. Both Jason and Sarah keep in contact with Chinese friends over WeChat, and hope to visit again in future.

Sarah saw many parallels between China and the Mormon people, pointing in particular to the importance of venerating ancestors in Chinese culture.

“My ancestors are special to me,” she said. “Many of them joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints while our first leader, Joseph Smith, was a prophet. Like the people of China who went on the (Long March), my people also traveled across a continent in search of their dream.”

Two of Jason’s four children were born while the family was living in Shanghai, and the kids went to local Chinese schools. Jason and his wife made a concerted effort to integrate into Chinese life more than many other expats around them, doing “many things that few foreigners experience in China.”

“We didn’t speak any Chinese when we came but we did when we left,” he said. This brought him closer both to locals and to other members of the foreign Mormon community who weren’t as comfortable operating in China.

“I can’t possibly begin to count the number of people we had over for dinners, the people we took shopping because everything the supermarket was unfamiliar, how many people we helped to simply get a Chinese phone number and register for WeChat, both for members of our Church and those who were not.”

Both were optimistic about the future of the Church in China, but emphasized the need for patience, a view shared by Steimle.

“Great progress usually doesn’t happen in a straight line,” he said. “Although there have been crackdowns on religion in China, perhaps the obedience of our members and the trust and friendship our Church leadership has built up over the years by working openly with the Chinese government will help open doors.”

This story has been updated to clarify which foreign students were allegedly seen proselytizing in China.

https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/06/asia/mormon-church-latter-day-saints-china-intl-hnk

The Pagan Connection Again

As C.S.Lewis and a number of other experts have concluded, there

are only two religions in the world: Christianity and Hinduism

(paganism).19 One teaches that we are separated from the one true God

by sin, and God became a man to die for our sins; the other declares that

men are not separated from God, but that each person has within himself

the power to overcome evil and thus to become God or at least a god.

Hinduism or paganism embraces and absorbs everything except biblical

Christianity, which is its only genuine rival. Although it uses Christian

language to disguise its paganism, Mormonism is less Christian than it is

Hindu. The basic dilemma faced by every Mormon is a direct result of its

Hindu roots. In the Baghavad-Gita, Krishna declares that he comes forth

to save the righteous and to condemn the sinners.20 This is just the

opposite of the biblical Christ, who came to save sinners.21 The great

complaint of paganism and all secret occult societies is that whereas one

must be "worthy" to join them, Christianity deliberately embraces the

unworthy.

Ed was speaking at a church when a local Mormon official stood

during question-and-answer time and proclaimed that Ed was doing the

Church a service by getting rid of its dead wood, those who could not live

up to the standards of the Church. "You are just getting our refuse, our

garbage," he shouted. "Who would want them anyway?" Ed answered, "I

want them, and so does Jesus." While the church was excited with the

answer, it went right over the head of the Mormon official. He had

absolutely no concept of grace.

In Mormonism there is a constant struggle to prove one's worthiness.

Like Krishna, the Mormon Jesus saves only the righteous. Mormon

doctrine declares that without righteousness, there is no forgiveness of

sin; and without forgiveness of sin, there is no personal salvation.22 This

places the Mormon squarely on the horns of the same dilemma that

occupies the pagan in endless rituals that never bring real peace-for it is

sinners, obviously, who need salvation. Jesus said, "I came not to call the

righteous, but sinners to repentance."23 In Mormonism, however, sin is

overcome by gritting one's teeth and living righteously-a task that the

Bible says is impossible: "For there is not a just man upon the earth that

doeth good and sinneth not."24

Jesus declared, "None is good, save one, that is, God."25 The Mormon

is taught, however, that he can become a god by living up to the

standards of perfection and righteousness set forth in the Mormon

"restored gospel." Pulling oneself up by one's bootstraps, however, proves

as impossible in the spiritual realm as it so obviously is in the physical.

The God Makers

by Ed Decker and Dave Hunt

https://drive.google.com/file/d/17Q-JQbXNwzDP1drBVQctA9QHJh-fEk88/view?usp=sharing

Why Mormons Make Great FBI Recruits

What sparked rumors of a “Mormon Mafia”?

by Sarah Laskow

November 4, 2015

Why Mormons Make Great FBI Recruits

At the FBI.

At the FBI. Dave Newman/Flickr

In This Story

Destination Guide

Salt Lake City, Utah

6 Articles

18 Places

When the Pew Research Center surveyed Mormons in America about their place in society, more than 60 percent of the participants said that Americans “are uninformed about Mormonism.” Mormons make up about 2 percent of the American population—about the same as Jews—but they’re not sure that the rest of the country quite understands or accepts them. Overwhelmingly, most Mormons described misperceptions about their religion or “lack of acceptance in American society.”

But there’s at least one place in American society where Mormons have found an unusual degree of acceptance—in agencies like the Department of Homeland Security, the FBI, and the CIA, which see Mormons as particularly desirable recruits and have a reputation for hiring a disproportionate number of people who belong to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

While this comes as a surprise to most people, in Washington and particularly among people who work with or report on intelligence and law enforcement, it’s common knowledge. And occasionally it leaks into popular culture: In his 2009 memoir Agent Bishop, Mike McPheters describes his years doubling as an FBI agent and Mormon bishop—a community leadership position he inherited from another FBI agent. In 2015, a (controversial) subplot on ABC’s Quantico featured a Mormon recruit whose upstanding reputation hid a dark secret.

But, in reality, Mormons end up in these agencies for perfectly logical reasons. The disproportionate number of Mormons is usually chalked up to three factors: Mormon people often have strong foreign language skills, from missions overseas; a relatively easy time getting security clearances, given their abstention from drugs and alcohol; and a willingness to serve.

There have been Mormon FBI agents since early in the bureau’s history. Some accounts allege that J. Edgar Hoover had a particular interest in recruiting Mormon agents: one well-known Mormon leader, J. Martell Bird, served in Hoover’s heyday, from the 1940s through the end of the ’60s, and there’s a famous story of a Mormon agent who, in 1940, just five years after the modern FBI was born from an earlier Bureau of Investigation, was tasked with supporting the agency’s first double agent in Germany.

But it wasn’t until the 1970s that outsiders started paying close attention and turning up connections between prominent Mormons and the CIA, Watergate, and other government activities. A 1975 report on the CIA, for instance, included the tidbit that one Mormon-owned PR firm made some “overseas offices available…as cover for Agency employees operating abroad.” And in the 1980s a Brigham Young University professor told the authors of The Mormon Corporate Empire, a 1985 social science study on the church and its power, that “we’ve never had any trouble placing anyone who has applied to the CIA.”

“Every year, they take almost anybody who applies,” he said.

It was around this time, too, that two cases put the Mormon members of the FBI dramatically into the public eye. In 1984, FBI agent Richard W. Miller was arrested; he later became the first FBI agent ever to be indicted for and eventually found guilty of spying for the Soviet Union. (Miller wasn’t the first Mormon to be in this position, though: earlier in 1984, a Mormon who had worked in Army intelligence was arrested for passing secrets to the Soviets.) Miller had been recruited at BYU in the 1960s, the New York Times reported. At the time, the FBI had been particularly interested in candidates with strong Spanish skills, and Miller had minored in the language. By the 1980s, though, he was under close supervision at work and had started dabbling in petty theft, when a Soviet woman approached him.

A class early in the history of BYU. B.F. Larsen (Brigham Young University)

Miller had been assigned to interview émigrés like Svetlana Ogorodnikov, but she was much better at her job than he was at his. His performance as an agent had been lackluster, and his personal life was not going much better, as, not long before his arrest, he was excommunicated from the Mormon church for adultery. Soon, he and Svetlana were sleeping together and discussing plans to exchange information for money. Miller later said he was trying to use Svetlana as a source, not the other way around, but he did pass a classified document to her and her husband, Nikolay.

At Miller’s trial, testimony revealed a tangle of religion and work at the Los Angeles bureau where he worked. One Mormon FBI agent said that he’d understood that Miller had been put under his command, on a prestigious counterintelligence squad, “because of our common religious background.” Another agent, Matt Perez, testified that Richard T. Bretzing, the head of the L.A. bureau and a Mormon bishop, had protected Miller and kept him from being fired.

Not long before Miller’s Soviet dalliance came to light, Perez, a Latino FBI agent, had filed his first discrimination complaint with the equal employment opportunity office. In the course of the next few years, he, along with more than 300 other agents, would file a class action suit against the FBI for racial and religious discrimination. Part of their complaint was that their Mormon higher-ups had favored agents of their own religion.

The judge ruled in the Hispanic agents’ favor on the racial discrimination charge, and though he rejected the religious discrimination charges, he did write that the testimony at the trial showed that Mormon leaders “made personnel decisions which favored members of their church at the expense of Hispanic class members.”

Together, these two cases, which were extensively covered by the media, lodged a new idea in the public mind: There was a “Mormon mafia” in the FBI.

The Mormon Temple in Salt Lake City. Niro87/Wikimedia

It’s hard to put exact numbers on this phenomenon, either then or now. The agency’s public demographic statistics do not include the religious backgrounds of its officers, but the FBI isn’t known for its diversity. Even after its Hispanic officers won that discrimination case and after other lawsuits over similar hiring issues, most people working for the FBI are white men. What is known is that agencies like the CIA and FBI still recruit at BYU, looking for students with language skills and an interest in public service, although even the university doesn’t know how many of its students ultimately end up in these jobs. “We’ve tried to track down employment and recruitment numbers, and it’s really hard to pin this down,” a BYU spokesperson said.

These aren’t necessarily glamorous jobs. Many of the Mormon recruits to the CIA work in analysis, the desk jockeys of the intelligence world, and leave without building a whole career in government. For those who do, though, there’s an easy move to make when they’re ready to leave government service. Often, after a long career in the FBI, agents will join the Latter-day Saints’ Security Department. Bird, the FBI agent who worked with Hoover, became head of church security; Richard Bretzing, the L.A. bureau chief who was so key in the spread of the idea of a Mormon Mafia, left the bureau in 1988—and became managing director of the same office.

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/why-mormons-make-great-fbi-recruits

Bishop

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Temple Cards

Why Do We Wear White in the Temple?

https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/friend/2024/12/14-why-do-we-wear-white-in-the-temple?lang=eng

Matthew 23:27-28

New International Version

27 “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean. 28 In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2023:27-28&version=NIV

Mormon President and Pope Francis meet for the first time, after decades of hidden diplomacy

The two leaders met for 33 minutes at the Vatican and exchanged gifts, the day before Russell M. Nelson was due to dedicate the first Mormon temple in Rome

Michelle Boorstein

Sunday 10 March 2019 20:38 GMT

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/pope-mormon-leader-meeting-rome-vatican-lds-church-latterday-saints-a8816421.html

The Palazzo Moroni is a palace located on Via Porta #12 in the historic center of the upper town of Bergamo, Italy. The palace is a civic art museum, as well as used for cultural functions. The building, noted for its Baroque interior decorations, is presently managed by the Fondazione di Palazzo Moroni in conjunction with the city after a donation by Count Antonio Moroni.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Moroni

Moroni (/məˈroʊnaɪ/) is described in the Book of Mormon as the last Nephite prophet, historian, and military commander who, according to the faith of the Latter Day Saint movement, became the Angel Moroni who presented the golden plates to Joseph Smith.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroni_(prophet)#

Mantua was settled in the mid-19th century when members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints were sent by Lorenzo Snow to the valley to grow flax. The first group arrived in Mantua in 1863 (although a sign at the main entry route states "Founded 1864"),[6] and were all émigrés from Denmark led by Hans Jens Jensen.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua,_Utah

Lagoon is a family owned amusement park in Farmington, Utah, located about 18 miles north of Salt Lake City.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon_(amusement_park)

Mormon Freemason Brigham Young, 1801 – 1877 “The Prophet” of the Romish-styled Mormon Church, 1844 – 1877 The birth of Masonic Mormonism, and thus the fame of Brigham Young, can only be understood in light of America’s anti-Masonic movement of the 1820s. In August of 1826 Captain William Morgan of the Batavia Lodge of New York made public his Illustrations of Masonry By One of the Fraternity Who Has Devoted Thirty Years to the Subject. For revealing the first three degrees of Blue Lodge Masonry, Morgan was kidnapped; on the 19th of September he was drowned in the Niagara River. The people of western New York, where Morgan had lived, rose in all their might and attempted to find and punish the murderers. But to their surprise, sheriffs, witnesses, jurors and judges hindered the investigation, as they too were secret Masons bound by oaths of loyalty to the brotherhood over all civil oaths of duty to their communities. The outrage led to an anti-Masonic convention in 1828; in 1829 Baptist Preacher David Bernard published his Light On Free Masonry, revealing the first twenty degrees of the Craft. By 1830 tens of thousands of Northern Masons had disbanded their lodges. It was at this time Masonic Mormonism was born! On April 6, 1830, in the very same state out of which arose the anti-Masonic movement, Mason Joseph Smith (boldly calling himself “a Second Mohammed”) privately founded a “New Religious Society” (surnamed after the “Society of Jesus”)—“The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.” Fully intending to build “the temple of Zion, the center of the earthly kingdom of Jesus Christ,” Zionist Smith fell into disrepute over his polygamy. In 1844 he was murdered in jail by a mob while giving the Masonic “Grand Hailing Sign of Distress,” and Brigham Young became “The Prophet.” In 1846 at Council Bluffs, while moving 10,000 of his followers West, Young met with one of the Order’s most powerful American Jesuits, Pierre-Jean De Smet. The Jesuit directed Young to move his “Saints” to the Great Valley of the Salt Lake; Young obeyed, and upon arrival organized his new nation of “Deseret” along the lines of the Order’s socialist Paraguayan Reductions. In 1857 Masonic President James Buchanan, controlled by the Jesuits since his early 1857 arsenic poisoning, began a political agitation over the governorship of Utah, igniting the bloodless “Utah War.” He dispatched a military force led by Masonic Army Colonel Albert Sydney Johnston to put down Masonic Young’s refusal to submit to Federal jurisdiction. In this, Young’s “Deseret” only benefited, Johnston allowing Mormon raiders to “steal” 800 Army oxen. That same year Young ordered Bishop John D. Lee to lead a force composed of Mormons and Paiute Indians to murder nearly 130 “heretic” Protestant emigrants at Mountain Meadows—pursuant to the Order’s wicked Council of Trent and bloody Jesuit Oath. In the Spring of 1858 Masonic President Buchanan arranged for a free pardon if the Mormons would submit to Federal authority. The chief negotiator between both parties was the Jesuit, Pierre-Jean De Smet! Jesuit Coadjutor Brigham Young died in 1877, and will one day answer to the Lord Jesus Christ!" Vatican Assassins Wounded In The House Of My Friends Third Edition by Eric Jon Phelps https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uQl1CmWeLL87RWVtzKttGFKm0frSNR8D/view?usp=sharing

"Figure 18 — Famous Morman/Mason during Anti-Masonic Movement.

3rd degree Joseph Smith (1805-1844)

Founder of the Mormon Church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints). Born in a poor family that migrated to Palmyra NY in 1815.

The angel Moroni is said to have revealed the Book of Mormon to Smith, written on golden plates, which he was able to transcribe by the use of "Urim and Thummim," instruments of magical power.

His critics say that the Book of Mormon is based on an imaginative tale written in Biblical style by a former Presbyterian minister, Samuel Spaulding, but never published.

The manuscript was delivered to Smith by Sidney Rigdon, who helped revise it. Shortly afterwards Rigdon became one of the presidents of the church.

Book of Mormon was printed in Palmyra, NY in 1830, during the height of the Anti-Masonic Movement. The church was founded on April 6 of that year at the home of Peter Whitmer in Fayette, NY. Smith's first wife was the widow of former Freemason Capt. William Morgan, who was murdered by three Masons four years earlier. In 1831, Smith, with his new wife and band of Mormons, moved to Kirtland, OH, then to Missouri in 1838.

The Mormons ran into trouble at Independence and Far West, MO, and were removed from the state by the militia and settled at Commerce, IL.

Smith, Rigdon, and others were arrested for "murder, treason, burglary, arson and larceny," but allowed to escape and join the others at Commerce.

Commerce was renamed Nauvoo by the Mormons. Here Smith governed despotically with the aid of a small group of advisors.

In Commerce was a Masonic Lodge to which the leaders of the Mormons attached themselves. When the Mormons renamed the city Nauvoo, so too was the Lodge renamed. In Smith's journal, March 15, 1842, he wrote:

"I officiated as Grand Chaplain at the installation of the Nauvoo Lodge of Freemasons at the Grove near the Temple. Grand Master Jonas, of Columbus, being present, a large number of people assembled for the occasion. The day was exceedingly fine; all things were done in order. In the evening I received the first degree in Freemasonry in Nauvoo Lodge." The following day Smith added, "I was with the Masonic Lodge and rose to the sublime degree." At the same time Sidney Rigdon received his degrees "at sight" with Smith.

Over the next five months, the Nauvoo Lodge initiated (1O) 256 candidates and raised (3rd degree) 243. Consequently, Bodley Lodge No. 1 of Illinois preferred charges against Nauvoo Lodge on July 15, 1842, asking the Grand Lodge of Illinois to "make inquiry into the manner the officers of Nauvoo Lodge were installed by the Grand Master of this State, and by what authority the Grand Master initiated (1O), passed (2nd degree) and raised (3rd degree) Smith and Rigdon to the first three degrees of Freemasonry all at once. A special Masonic committee visited Nauvoo, inspected the records and work and recommended that the lodge be permitted to resume labor. After this inspection by Grand Lodge, the Mormons did so much Masonic work that two more lodges were established; Rising Sun Lodge at Montrose, IA, and a dispensation requested at Keokuk, IA. Again the Grand Lodge ordered an investigation, and this time the Mormons refused the committee access to the minutes. The Grand Lodge then struck all the Mormon Lodges from its rolls. However, Mormon Lodges refused to recognize this, and continued their Masonic work. On Friday, April 5, 1844 the Mormons dedicated the Masonic Hall at Nauvoo.

In the History of the Church, Smith wrote that he attended the ceremonies; that about 550 Masons from various parts of the world were present and took part in a procession that was formed, accompanied by the Nauvoo brass band; that the ceremonies were in charge of Hyrum Smith, Worshipful Master; that the principal address of the occasion was delivered by Apostle Erastus Snow; and that he, Joseph Smith and Dr. Goforth also addressed the assembly; and that all visiting Masons were given dinner in the Masonic Hall at the expense of Nauvoo Lodge.

If the above dedication is the same ceremony and date as the cornerstone laying, there is a discrepancy. In 1954 the Mormon Church purchased the old hall for restoration as an historic shrine. The cornerstone box was removed and sent to Salt Lake City, where in the presence of President David O. McKay and the twelve apostles, it was opened; the original documents were retained in Utah, and photostatic copies returned, to be redeposited in two new boxes in the cornerstone at Nauvoo. This ceremony took place June 24, 1954, being reported in the newspapers as "exactly 111 years after the first ceremony."

Inside the cornerstone a document states that Smith was not present in the procession or ceremony, as he was then being sought on an extradition warrant issued by Governor Ford of Missouri. (Missouri never had a man named Ford as governor; Gov. Reynolds had recently died and Lt. Gov. Marmaduke had taken his place.) Although Smith's signature is among the 50 or more names of the prominent Mormons on the document, it was noted therein that it was added later.

When Smith claimed the revelation of Polygamy in 1843, the church split. On June 27, 1844, Smith and his brother Hyrum were both arrested and jailed at Carthage IL. Before nightfall, both men were shot and killed by a mob. Smith must have recognized the mob as Masons, for he gave the Masonic grand hailing sign of distress just before he was shot.

Many of the symbols and ceremonies used by the Mormon Church today are of Masonic origin. For example, carved in the stone walls of the Mormon Temple in Utah is the Masonic Square & Compass and all seeing eye. On the building which houses the Mormon Tabernacle Choir is the Masonic 6-pointed star. See S&B, Vol. 1, 3rd ed, Introduction and Appendix 18."

3rd degree Hyrum Smith (? - 1844)

Brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism. Killed with his brother by a mob in the jail at Carthage IL on June 27, 1844. He was first Senior Warden of the Nauvoo Lodge at Nauvoo IL. After the Grand Lodge had ordered the dispensation for this lodge returned, it continued work clandestinely, with Hyrum as Master. In this capacity he officiated at the dedication ceremonies of the Masonic Hall at Nauvoo on April 5, 1844, and his signature is one of those in the cornerstone documents. It has been claimed that both Hyrum and Heber C. Kimball were Masons in Ontario Co. NY, before becoming Mormons.

The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in Missouri is simply an arm of Freemasonry.

32nd degree Frederick M. Smith

(1874-1946)

Scottish Rite Mason — York Rite Mason — Shriner

Frederick was president of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (1915-1946). He was son of Joseph Smith, first president of the reorganized branch, who was the namesake and grandson of Prophet Joseph Smith, founder of Mormonism.

Frederick's father established the reorganized branch of the church in opposition to the Brigham Young group in Utah. Frederick was a graduate of Graceland College in 1898 and 1923; at U. of Missouri, 1908 09; A.M. from U. of Kansas in 1911; and Ph.D. from Clark U. in 1916. He was first counselor of the church, 1902-15, and on the death of his father in 1914, succeeded him as the second president. Frederick was associate editor of The Saints' Herald, 1900-04, and editor after 1917. Frederick became a Mason in 1917. On March 16 of that year, he was raised (3rd degree) in Carbondale Lodge No. 70, Carbondale KN. He was affiliated with Orient Lodge No. 546, Kansas City, MO on April 28, 1928, and was Master of the Lodge in 1934; Grand Orator of the Grand Lodge of Missouri in 1929-30; and Grand Chaplain, Grand Lodge of Missouri, 1940-41.

Frederick was Exalted in Orient Chapter No. 102, R.A.M., Kansas City, June 26, 1928; Greeted in Shekinah Council No. 24, R.&S.M., Kansas City on Sept. 12, 1928; Knighted in Oriental Commandery No. 35, K.T., Kansas City, Dec. 21, 1928; and affiliated with Palestine Commandery No. 17, K.T., of Independence, MO, June 2, 1938. Received 32nd degree AASR (SJ) at Fort Scott KN on April 26, 1927 and affiliated with Western Missouri Consistory in Kansas City, Jan. 25, 1933. He received Shrine in Mirza Temple, Pittsburg KN, May 25, 1927 and affiliated with Ararat in Kansas City, Oct. 8, 1929, and was Potentate in 1941. Served on the board of directors of Shrine Hospital, St. Louis. Was Member of Missouri Lodge of Research.

Two Faces of Freemasonry

by John Daniel

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B66Pc9x2hkIrOVNqS0tvbnJXZjA/view?usp=share_link&resourcekey=0-DrJ1Wp9h_PjjBWVMiXcTnw

In 1754, near Paris, Chevalier de Bonneville established the Chapter of Clermont. The Chapter resided in the College of Jesuits of Clermont, hence the name. It is said to have been created to honor the Duc de Clermont, then Grand Master of the English Grand Lodge of France.

The Chapter of Clermont was a “Chapter of the Advanced Degrees” and initially entailed six degrees and was later extended to 25 known degrees. The six initial degrees were 1˚, 2˚ and 3˚ St John’s Masonry, 4˚ Knight of the Eagle, 5˚ Illustrious Knight or Templar, 6˚ Sublime Illustrious Knight.

Interestingly enough historically, prior to the time of the Rite’s creation, James II had been in residence at Clermont in exile from Britain from 1688 to his death in 1701. As noted by German Masonic historian, Lenning… “whilst in exile, James II residing at the Jesuit College of Clermont in France, allowed his closest associates to fabricate certain degrees in order to extend their political views.” Lenning believed this to have been an attempt on the part of James and his associates to regain control of the British throne for the House of Stuart. If Lenning is right, this places the origins of the “Rite of Perfection” in the hands of James II and the Jacobite (Stuart) Freemasons who at the time were in exile from Great Britain throughout France and Italy. Lenning also contends that these degrees were introduced into French Freemasonry under the name of the Clermont System.

James II died in exile in 1701. His son James III is said to have continued his father’s Masonic legacy and later created further higher degrees.

Perhaps James II saw in the Jesuit morality plays of the College of Clermont a vessel for passing on a set of moral lessons. Some of the world’s greatest playwrights had emerged from Clermont. Jesuit tutelage had previously produced great writers such as Lope de Vega, Moliere, Racine, and the Corneille brothers. Ensconced in exile, I believe James II did find the inspiration and the training to help produce what would later become the first six degrees. From out of the darkness… comes light.

The History and Legend of Scottish Rite Origins

https://web.archive.org/web/20190615041607/http://www.traversecityscottishrite.com/scottish-rite-history.html

The friendliness of the Mormons towards Catholics is attributed to their appreciation that their settlement in the great Salt Lake Valley is due to having been directed to it by Fr. Pierre Jean de Smet, the great Jesuit missionary and explorer, who met and was entertained by Brigham Young in Council Bluffs, while the Mormons were on their trek West. Writing to his nephew, Fr. de Smet said: "They asked me a thousand questions about the regions I had explored, and the valley I have just described to you, pleased them greatly from the account I gave of it. Was that what determined them to settle there? I would not dare affirm it. They are there!"

https://web.archive.org/web/20151020074727/http://www.catholictradition.org:80/Tradition/goldstein70.htm

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a nontrinitarian Christian church that considers itself to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints

PART X THE PRESERVATION AND INCREASE OF THE SOCIETY

410 §1. As a sign of gratitude and devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, let that feast be solemnly celebrated; and on that day is to be renewed the consecration by which the Society on January 1, 1872, dedicated and consecrated itself totally and perpetually.

§2. The consecration to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary is to be renewed each year on the feast of the Immaculate Heart.[1]

411 The sense of belonging and responsibility that each individual one of Ours has toward the whole Society should be manifested in a knowledge of our spirituality, our history, our saints, our apostolic labors, and our men, especially of those who are suffering difficulties for the sake of Christ; it is to be manifested as well by maintaining Ignatian mobility and flexibility with a view to helping any region of the Society whatsoever.[2]

412 §1. All our members should have at heart a shared concern for attracting new members to the Society, especially by prayer and the example of their lives as individuals and in community.[3]

§2. Therefore, we must do everything possible actively to present the Society in such a way that those whom God calls will know and appreciate who and what we are and what is our distinctive way of proceeding in the following of Christ.[4]

§3. We must also promote vocations as widely as possible, in order to reflect the culture and experience of those we seek to serve, including minority cultures, immigrants, and indigenous people.[5]

413 The Society should always show itself bound to its benefactors in charity and gratitude. Superiors should ensure that prayers are offered for them and other appropriate signs of our gratitude are shown them.[6]

414 In the perfect observance of all the Constitutions and in the particular fulfillment of our Institute, our formed members should excel, setting a good example and spreading the good odor of Christ, keeping before their eyes the serious obligation they have of giving edification especially to our younger members.[ 7]

415 All by earnest reading and meditation (in particular, at the time of the annual Spiritual Exercises, renewal of vows, monthly recollection, beginning of the year, and so forth) should strive ever to know, esteem, and love better our Constitutions and the special nature of our Institute,[ 8] which are to be faithfully observed, and which for each and all of us are the one, true, and safe way that surely leads to the perfection to which our Lord calls and invites all sons of the Society.[9] §2. Major superiors, especially at the time of the annual visitation, should see that this is faithfully observed.

L. D. S.

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES

SAINT LOUIS, 1996

https://web.archive.org/web/20200211182223/https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

Freemasons FDR and Marriner S. Eccles, Fed Chairman, 1935 #363 With the Company using short seller Joseph P. Kennedy and its Federal Reserve Bank to cause the Great Depression of 1929, the Order’s calculated solution was its socialist New Deal. A key player was the son of a rich Utah banker, Mormon Freemason Marriner S. Eccles (far right). Following the socialist rhetoric of the Order’s radio priest, Charles Coughlin, Eccles advocated deficit spending in the form of paternal relief measures, including a minimum wage law, unemployment insurance and old age pensions. Appointed Secretary of the Treasury in 1933, ten months later he became Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board (1934-1948). He wrote the Banking Act of 1935 (signed into law above) thereby perfecting the Fed by centralizing all power in its Federal Reserve Board and establishing the independence of the Board from the Treasury. Eccles, giving the appearance of saving the Bank, in fact created the monster it is today: its New York Branch and Federal Reserve Board in Washington are now ruled by Georgetown Jesuits through key Bank officers who are notorious CFR members. Eccles went on to become the U.S. delegate to New Hampshire’s 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, which created the Black Pope’s World Bank and International Monetary Fund thus paving the way for world commerce under “that man of sin—the beast.” Like Romanism, the Mormon Empire under the guise of religion is a tentacle of the Order’s “Invisible Empire,” Jesuit Pierre De Smet directing Mason Brigham Young to the Great Salt Lake when they met at Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1846. Know Your Government: The Federal Reserve System, Gary Taylor, (NY: Chelsea House Pubs., 1989) p. 56.

The Eccles Building, Fed Headquarters, Washington, D.C., 1989 #365 As Hawaii’s Laie Mormon Temple was patterned after the ancient Temple of Solomon, even so the Eccles Building resembles the historic Jerusalem Temple. Distinct from the location and function of the Department of the Treasury, this impressive “pagan cathedral” built for the Federal Reserve Board illustrates the power of the Black Pope decreeing the Empire’s economic policies. The Fed is controlled through the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) with offices in both New York City and Washington, D.C. The CFR is overseen and guided by the Jesuits of Georgetown University; the Order’s enforcers, keeping all politicians in line who may be a threat to its Fed, is the FBI/CIA—the co-assassins of JFK! Know Your Government: The Federal Reserve System, Gary Taylor, (NY: Chelsea House Pubs., 1989) p. 56."

Vatican Assassins Wounded in the House My Friends

Third Edition

by Eric Jon Phelps

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uQl1CmWeLL87RWVtzKttGFKm0frSNR8D/view?usp=sharing

Compressed, Orderly, Rapid, Equitable (CORE) Process Election Form

TO: SAF/MRBA (CORE Processing Office)

FROM: Susan L. Dunn, Docket # 8L1M06060

I certify that I have been informed on the difference between the traditional EEO process and the Air Force EEO Pilot CORE process. I understand that if I elect the CORE process in lieu of the traditional EEO process, I can opt out of the process prior to the issuance of the Final Agency Decision (FAD) and my EEO complaint will continue to be processed under the traditional EEO process, at a point corresponding to the point at which I opt out.

COMPLAINANT. Susan L. Dunn

COMPLAINANT'S PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE

EEO SPECIALIST;

5 June 2006

DATE: DAT

June

DATE

DATE: JUN 06

0027

0026

Katherine Logan Mulcoy is 44 years old and was born in November of 1981. Currently Katherine lives at the address 3143 Old Tunnel Rd, Lafayette CA 94549. Katherine has lived at this Lafayette, CA address for about 6 years, after moving in around January of 2020. Katherine previously lived at 1026 47th St, Unit 2, Emeryville CA 94608 for 10 years, starting in May of 2014. Going further back, starting in May of 2013, Katherine lived at 1350 44th Ave, San Francisco CA 94122 for 4 years.

Public records do not indicate that Katherine Logan Mulcoy is currently married. The following people are relatives or close associates of Katherine: Anna Mulcoy(99), Edward Mulcoy(100), Greta Hill(73), Josh Mulcoy(56), Mary Cusimano(78), Susan Dunn(74), William Dunn(45), William Dunn(75), William Dunn(58), William Mulcoy(76) and Candy Mulcoy(69).

Who does Katherine Mulcoy associate with?

The following people are friends, co-workers, partners, roomates, or otherwise associated with Katherine Mulcoy: Jefferson Silver, Antonio Becerra, Carma Baker, Cheryl Mcgrath, Daniel Spangenberger, David Baker, Douglas Pollack, Heather Young, Jean Wallis, Julia Karelson, Kathryn Fisk

What is the best phone number for Katherine Mulcoy?

Katherine Mulcoy's latest phone number is a wireless number at (831) 332-8405.

https://www.fastpeoplesearch.com/katherine-mulcoy_id_G-8022805096453852810

Public records do not indicate that Jefferson Silver is currently married. The following people are relatives or close associates of Jefferson: Carol Silver(87), and Claire Silver(97).

Jefferson's current phone number is (415) 425-5640. This Wireless number was issued by 'T-Mobile USA Inc', first reported in public records on August of 2010.

https://www.fastpeoplesearch.com/jefferson-silver_id_G6646103148085201369

Carol Ruth Silver JR is 87 years old and was born in October of 1938. Currently Carol lives at the address 68 Ramona Ave, San Francisco CA 94103. Carol has lived at this San Francisco, CA address for about 37 years, after moving in around June of 1988. Carol previously lived at 493 Cedar St, Ely NV 89301 for 13 years, starting in January of 2011. Going further back, starting in September of 2006, Carol lived at 497 Cedar St, Ely NV 89301 for 17 years.

It is likely that Carol Silver is married to 49 year old Jefferson C Silver, and they have lived together in at least 21 different locations.

https://www.fastpeoplesearch.com/carol-silver_id_G-5506884680158718200

Sunday August 13, 1961 continued

The ride into Jackson was uneventful. It was dark and few people noticed our being sirened through all the traffic lights by our escort of police cars. The Masonic Temple is located in the middle of downtown Jackson, on Lynch Street. When we entered, it was almost full, a sea of Negro faces (although I became aware later that there were some whites among them, even some Jackson whites, particularly from Temple Beth Israel, the Jewish congregation in Jackson). As we filed to the seats reserved for us, the people of Jackson stood up and cheered us. I felt very strange; I had never been the guest of honor at a larger meeting before, and even sharing the limelight with almost two hundred others, it gave me a feeling of mixed humility and pride.

The opening invocation was given by Freedom Rider who was a rabbi from San Francisco, Joseph Gumbiner, and I was at this point introduced to on of the strangest (to me) aspects of southern Negro audience, their habit of responding aloud to sentiments with which they are pleased. As the rabbi repeated some of the most common and familiar (to me) phrases of Jewish ritual, I heard choruses of "That's right," "We believe," and "A-men!" At first I could not help feeling that this was impolite and inappropriate, but as it continues through the evening I began to get into the spirit too and to shed some of my northern reserve. The speeches, by Reverent C.T. Vivian, Jim Farmer, and various other leaders of the movement from all over the country."

page 113

Chapter 12 "Events"

Freedom Rider Diary

by Carol Ruth Silver

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ySwr5Z2ARlgLZc67EyuyjUR9B7iorZM8/view

Freedom Rides

On April 10, 1947, CORE sent a group of eight white men, including James Peck, their publicity officer, and eight black men, on what was to be a two-week Journey of Reconciliation through Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky, to test state's compliance with the Supreme Court's decisions regarding segregation within interstate travel.[16][17]

The group was composed of men only, to get around certain laws of the time that restricted the mixing of males and females.[18] These participants then underwent rigorous training aimed at equipping them with the necessary skills to react non-violently, even in the face of violent behaviors. They would act out intense role-playing exercises to simulate real-life scenarios they may encounter, in an attempt to improve their resolve in the face of violence. Throughout the two-week period, they completed twenty-six demonstrations on buses or trains.[18] Out of these twenty-six demonstrations, six resulted in arrests. The members of this group received a great deal of publicity, and this marked the beginning of a long series of similar campaigns.[17][16][18]

After 75 years the North Carolina court vacated the convictions of four freedom fighters from the Journey of Reconciliation.[19] Renee Price, chair of the Orange County Board of Commissioners, learned that the charges against these men arrested in Chapel Hill had never been dropped. "They were arrested and convicted for violating laws that were in fact a violation to humanity, a violation to human dignity and a violation to freedom and justice for all," said Price. She reached out to Orange County Superior Court Judge Allen Baddour, whose office researched the incident and legal cases. On June 17, 2022, Superior Court Judge Allen Baddour vacated and dismissed the charges in a Special Court Session which drew over 100 people into the very courtroom where the men were sentenced.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality

SOCIALISTS IN THE KOOL-AID

October 15, 2018 By ISI Archive

The advertisement billed the December 2 benefit gala as “A Struggle Against Oppression.” Scheduled speakers included rising Assemblyman Willie Brown as the master of ceremonies and funnyman Dick Gregory as the keynote. Supervisor Harvey Milk and other movers and shakers of an oft moved and shaken city crammed their big names into a small font on the flyer. For the bargain of $25—and “tax deductible” at that—influence seekers could seek to influence the mighty of a great American city. In addition to mingling with such power brokers as Brown and Milk, they could corner Sheriff Eugene Brown, physician and newspaper publisher Carlton Goodlett, and Supervisor Carol Ruth Silver at San Francisco’s Hyatt Regency. And doing well meant doing good. The dinner’s proceeds subsidized the Peoples Temple Medical Program.

The Hyatt ballroom remained empty on December 2, 1978. Two weeks earlier, the small staff of the Peoples Temple Medical Program had mixed cyanide with Flavor Aid and administered the poisonous, sugary elixir to hundreds of people in faraway Guyana.

https://isi.org/intercollegiate-review/socialists-in-the-kool-aid/

Wednesday, May 31, 1961

In the afternoon mail today I received the material from CORE, some descriptive little pamphlets and a mimeographed form to be signed and returned to them. For the first time I began to learn just who and what CORE is. Actually I never herd of the organization until the beginning of the sit-in demonstrations last year, and I got the impression then that it had been formed not more than a year or so ago, with participation in the sit-ins its primary activity.

On the contrary, CORE has been around for something like twenty years. In the beginning it was a small organization dedicated to bettering race relations by applying Gandhian techniques although I could not get quite clear about what exactly this entailed). Its current ASCENDANCY began with the beginning of the sit-in demonstrations. These broke out like a highly CONTAGIOUS rash over the face of the South after having been started (more or less) by a small group in Greensboro, North Carolina. The students had gone up to a lunch counter together, sat down, and waited for service. The lunch counter closed up.

CORE came in as those in jail or otherwise in need of help. And some of its local chapters began challenge segregation by organizing their own lunch counter sit-ins, or wade-ins at beaches and public pools, stand-ins at movie ticket lines, read-ins at libraries and the like. The method used in all cases was nonviolent resistance, with Martin Luther King, Jr's bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, as the prime example."

page 9

Freedom Rider Diary

by Carol Ruth Silver

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ySwr5Z2ARlgLZc67EyuyjUR9B7iorZM8/view

A. Philip Randolph Leading Black Civil Rights Leaders, 1964

Here sit the greatest traitors to American Black People who ever disgraced the sad, tragic history of this generally servile and downtrodden race. With no true Black men loyal to their race allowed to advocate a “Back to Africa” movement or the establishment of a new Black nation in North America—to the exclusion of all White people—, these Jesuit-ruled, Masonic “Uncle Toms” of the Black Pope championed an integrationist agitation that has only antagonized the relationship between American Whites and Blacks for the last sixty years—while further centralizing executive power in Washington! Massive unconstitutional socialism, such as President Johnson’s “War on [Black] Poverty” igniting a sky-rocketing national debt, has given rise to huge, easily-agitated, welfare-dependent, savage, inner-city, Black populations whose bent to illegitimacy, vice and Black-on-White crime has been continually stoked by the Company’s CIA/Mafia gunrunners, illicit drug trade, Jesuit/Knight of Malta-controlled Hollywood theater movies and now “gangster rap.” From the Order’s NAACP headquarters in New York City we see (L-R): Bayard Rustin, co-founder of the Rockefellerfunded University of Chicago’s Congress of Racial Equality (CORE); Jewish Jack Greenberg, NAACP New York lawyer; Masonic Whitney M. Young, Jr., National Urban League executive director; James Farmer, cofounder and national CORE director; Roy Wilkins, executive secretary of the NAACP later awarded St. Louis University’s “Sword of Ignatius Loyola” in 1976; Martin Luther King, Jr. (groomed for the movement while a student at the all-Blackmale Morehouse College by its Masonic president, Benjamin Elijah Mays) president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference; John Lewis, radical chairman of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; Masonic A. Philip Randolph, “the Chief;” and Courtney Young of Lewis’ student group.

Socialist Martin King with his White Master, Pope Paul VI, 1964 #612 Archbishop Paul Marcinkus gazes at King after an “audience” with the Pope. SMOM Henry R. Luce’s Time magazine named King “Man of the Year” in 1964 on orders from Cardinal Spellman, furthering Rome’s Civil Rights agitation.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4737372.stm

Vatican Assassins Wounded In The House of My Friends

Third Edition

by Eric Jon Phelps

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uQl1CmWeLL87RWVtzKttGFKm0frSNR8D/view?usp=sharing

REGISTRATION DISTRICT NO.

610

REGISTRAR'S NUMBER

CERTIFICATE OF ADOPTION

The information in this section must be given as it was before adoption. It is needed to locate and seal the original certificate of birth. Without this data it may be impossible to file an amended certificate of PART I:

birth for this child.

1A. NAME OF CHILD-FIRST NAME

CHILD'S PERSONAL DATA

Susan

2. SEX

3. DATE OF BIRTH

Female

5/25/51

5A. NAME OF FATHER-FIRST NAME

NATURAL PARENTS DATA

Orville

6A. MAIDEN NAME OF MOTHER-FIRST NAME

Dorothy

11B. MIDDLE NAME

Louvinia

4. PLACE OF BIRTH-CITY OR TOWN. COUNTY

Greensburg

Rural

58. MIDDLE NAME

Gerald

16B. MIDDLE NAME

11c. LAST NAME

Emery

Kentucky

15c. LAST NAME

Emery

1 6c. LAST NAME

PART II:

Crouch

Adopting parents must furnish the following information concerning themselves as it was at the time of birth of the above child. This information is used in preparation of the amended certifi- cate of birth.

7A. NAME OF FATHER-FIRST NAME

17B. MIDDLE NAME

17c. LAST NAME

Melvin

FOSTER OR NATURAL FATHER

8. DATE OF BIRTH

8/25/24

11. OCCUPATION

9. PLACE OF BIRTH

Rocky Ford, Colorado

12. INDUSTRY

Lohrey

10. COLOR OR RACE

White

Warehouseman

13A. MAIDEN NAME OF MOTHER-FIRST NAME

113B. MIDDLE NAME

Thompson Diggs Company

113c. LAST NAME

FOSTER OR NATURAL MOTHER

Louesa

Jane

Manier

14. DATE OF BIRTH

15. PLACE OF BIRTH

16. COLOR OR RACE

9/12/27

Three Rivers, Michigan

White

VERIFICATION

OF PART II

AGENCY OR DEPARTMENT

HANDLING CASE

PART III:

17. USUAL RESIDENCE-STREET ADDRESS. CITY OR TOWN. AND STATE

2200 S Street, Sacramento, California

18. SIGNATURE OF PARENT VERIFYING DATA IN PART II

Melvin Louren

20. NAME OF AGENCY OR DEPARTMENT WHICH INVESTIGATED OR HANDLED CASE

State Department of Social Welfare

19. PRESENT ADDRESS OF VERIFYING PARENT

Same

21. ADDRESS OF AGENCY OR DEPARTMENT WHICH INVESTIGATED OR HANDLED CASE

1530 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento 1

The County Clerk should require that as much of the information as is available in Part I and II, above, be furnished before he completes Part III and forwards the certificate to the State Registrar of Vital Statistics. (The County Clerk may complete or verify any of Items 1 through 21 from the court record of adoption.)

22.

I hereby certify that the child described above was adopted by the above named foster parent(s) on the.

29th

day of

June

COUNTY CLERK

23. SIGNATURE AND SEAL OF COUNTY CLERK

and is now to bear the name of SUSAN JEAN LOHREY

C. C. La RUE

BY:

Las set forth in the decree of adoption made on that date, in Case No.. DATE SIGNED

34984

идет

June 29, 1953.

DATE REPORT SENT TO STATE REGISTRAR

SACRAMENTO

CLERK IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

June 29, 1953

STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

(REV. 7-1-49)

FORM R&S-44

Suite Soo

MCALLISTER & JOHNSON 409-15 Forum Building

the promises, and good cause appearing thar

Sacramento, California that said minor, SUSAN 1OUVINA EMERY, be, Telephone: G1 2 7614

and she is hereby declared adopted by the NDORSED Attorneys for Petitioners., as the chiFilet JUN 29 1950 or then C. CLARUE Clerk and that said child shall henceforth be pegar. CORN 1 Deputy Cien all respecte ea the child of each and both of thom, and that said.

nor ahi26 sad potitioners all austin sormed and other vine legal relation of paront and child, and have all the rights and be subject to all of the duties and responsibilities or that relation IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA the family name or IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO as SUSAN JEAN LOMREY, the chi seid petitioners.

IN THE MATTER OF THE ADOPTION

No. 34984

345

SUSAN LOUVINA EMERY,

DECREE OF ADOPTION

MCALLISTER &

JOHNSON

ATTORNEY AT LAW

FORUM BUILDING

16.

18.

29)

SACRAMENTO, CALIF.

A Minor.

In the above entitled matter, a petition for the adoptio of SUSAN LOUVINA EMERY, the minor above named, having been duly presented and filed by MELVIN LOHREY and LOUESA J. LOHREY, husband and wife, the petitioners herein, and said matter coming on regula to be heard this date before the above entitled Court, the peti- tioners and said minor child being personally present, and it ap- pearing that the necessary consents there to have been duly given as required by law, and the petitioners having signed and executed their agreement that said child shall be adopted, and be treated in all respects as their lawful issue should be treated, and the Court having examined said petitioners, each separately, and the Court being satisfied there from and finding that the interests of said minor child will be promoted by the adoption, and that all the allegations contained in said petition are true, and the Court

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1 being fully advised in the premises, and good cause appearing there

IT IS ORDERED that said minor, SUSAN LOUVINA EMERY, be,

3 and she is hereby declared adopted by the petitioners, MELVIN

LOHREY and LOUESA J. LOHREY, as the child of each and both of them,

and that said child shall henceforth be regarded and treated in

all respects as the child of each and both of them, and that said

minor child and petitioners shall sustain toward each other the 8 legal relation of parent and child, and have all the rights and be subject to all of the duties and responsibilities of that relation

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that said child shall take the 11 family name of petitioners, and he henceforth known as SUSAN JEAN LOHREY, the child of each and both of said petitioners.

Dated: June 29, 1953.

JOHN QUINCY BROWN JUDGE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT

https://www.youtube.com/post/Ugkxp3LpqD6oK1OUFMouLdy0MltG33ST6LRk

Sion Against the Stuarts

With the extinction of the Valois dynasty a fate accompli, Sion looked across the channel to the Scottish Templar Stuarts in line to ascend to the English throne (see chapter 2). Queen Elizabeth was old and childless. On her deathbed in 1603 she formally acknowledged James VI of Scotland her successor. James VI of Scotland became King James I of England. A Templar throne in England was a more serious problem for Sion than the new Merovingian Bourbon throne in France. Hence, the next five Grand Masters of Sion concentrated on deposing the Templar Stuarts - a goal which took nearly a century to accomplish.

Scarlet and the Beast

by John Daniel

https://ia803001.us.archive.org/28/items/ScarletAndTheBeastJohnDaniel1995/Scarlet%20and%20the%20Beast,%20John%20Daniel%20(1995).pdf

AI Overview

The House of Hanover (1714–1901) was a German royal house that succeeded the House of Stuart, bringing six monarchs to the British throne, including George I-IV, William IV, and Victoria. The dynasty began with George I, whose claim derived from Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James I, passing over Catholic contenders.

Key Aspects of the House of Hanover (1714–1901):

Accession: George Louis, Elector of Hanover, became George I in 1714 under the Act of Settlement 1701, which ensured a Protestant succession.

The Hanoverian Monarchs:

George I (1714–1727): First Hanoverian king, born in Germany.

George II (1727–1760): Last British monarch born outside Great Britain.

George III (1760–1820): First Hanoverian born in England; oversaw the American Revolution.

George IV (1820–1830): Acted as Prince Regent during his father’s mental illness.

William IV (1830–1837): Known as the "Sailor King."

Victoria (1837–1901): Final Hanoverian monarch; her reign saw the expansion of the British Empire and the end of the union between Britain and Hanover due to Salic law.

End of Dynasty: The house ended in 1901 upon Queen Victoria's death, succeeded by her son Edward VII of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (later Windsor).

Political Shifts: The era saw the rise of modern cabinet government and reduced direct political power for the monarch

John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (/bjuːt/; 25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart between 1713 and 1723, was a British Tory statesman who served as the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1762 to 1763 under George III. He became the first Tory to hold the position and was arguably the last important royal favourite in British politics. He was the first prime minister from Scotland following the Acts of Union in 1707. He was also elected as the first president of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland when it was founded in 1780.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute

Recognizing that his continuation in office would only make matters worse for the government, Bute resigned on April 8, 1763, and claimed to withdraw from political life. Rumors soon circulated that he remained George III's chief advisor, perhaps more influential out of office than he was in it. Considerable damage was done to British political culture when the rumors turned out to be true. Grenville demanded Bute's removal from the King's court, and the situation sparked rampant speculation that ministerial policies were the product of an unconstitutional conspiracy surrounding the throne. Pitt's return to office in 1766 effectively ended Bute's relationship with the King, although the myth that the constitution was being actively undermined by secret forces would taint transatlantic politics throughout the American Revolution, and Bute would remain a symbol of that corruption in satirical prints through the 1780s.

Except for a trip to Italy, Bute spent his long retirement from public life at his estate in Hampshire and used his considerable wealth to support Scotland's universities, including several endowed chairs at the University of Edinburgh. He also wrote a number of works on botany. One of his sons, Charles Stuart, fought for Britain in the American War for Independence from 1775 to 1779, eventually commanding the 26th Regiment of Foot. Bute died in London on March 10, 1792, and is buried in Rothesay on the Isle of Bute.

https://www.ouramericanrevolution.org/index.cfm/people/view/pp0049

George Washington (The Athenaeum Portrait)

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George Washington (The Athenaeum Portrait)

Usage Conditions Applyiiif icon

Artist

Gilbert Stuart, 3 Dec 1755 - 9 Jul 1828

Sitter

George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799

Date

1796

Type

Painting

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

121.9cm x 94cm (48" x 37"), Accurate

Credit Line

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; owned jointly with Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Restrictions & Rights

Usage conditions apply

Object number

NPG.80.115

Exhibition Label

Gilbert Stuart first painted George Washington in 1795 (in a work now known only from copies). That painting was so successful that, according to artist Rembrandt Peale, Martha Washington “wished a Portrait for herself.” She persuaded her husband to sit again for Stuart “on the express condition that when finished it should be hers.” Stuart, however, did not want to part with the picture and left it unfinished so that he could refer to it when producing future commissions. Known as the “Athenaeum” portrait because it went to the Boston Athenaeum after Stuart’s death, this painting served as the basis for the engraving of Washington that appears on the one-dollar bill. John Neal, an early-nineteenth-century writer and art critic, wrote, “Though a better likeness of him were shown to us, we should reject it; for, the only idea that we now have of George Washington, is associated with Stuart’s Washington.”

Gilbert Stuart pintó a George Washington por primera vez en 1795, aunque dicha obra ahora solo se conoce por copias. La pintura tuvo tanto éxito que, según el artista Rembrandt Peale, Martha Washington “deseaba un retrato para ella”. Fue así que convenció a su esposo de que posara de nuevo para Stuart “con la condición expresa de que la pintura sería de ella cuando la terminara”. Sin embargo, Stuart no quiso desprenderse de la obra y la dejó inconclusa para poder usarla de referencia en encargos futuros. Conocida como el retrato del “Ateneo” debido a que pasó al Ateneo de Boston al morir Stuart, esta pintura fue la base para el grabado de Washington que aparece en el billete de un dólar. John Neal, escritor y crítico de arte de principios del siglo XIX, escribió: “Aun si nos mostraran un mejor retrato suyo, tendríamos que rechazarlo, pues la única idea que tenemos hoy de George Washington está vinculada con el Washington pintado por Stuart”.

Provenance

The artist; his daughter Jane Stuart; purchased in May, 1831, by the Trustees of the Boston Athenaeum with funds raised by subscription from the Washington Monument Association and 22 additional subscribers; purchased 1980 jointly by NPG and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts

https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.80.115

This is Me Paperback – Illustrated, May 7, 2014

by Edward M. Dunn Jr. (Author)

5.0 5.0 out of 5 stars 2 ratings

See all formats and editions

The surname Dunn comes from the Gaelic word donn, which means "brown" The Gaelic form O'Duinn (the descendant of donn) is most commonly anglicized as Dunn, but is also written as Dunne. The Dunn family is of the same Celtic stock as the O'Connors and O'Dempseys-clans who trace their descendants from Rossa Failgeach, eldest son of Cathaoir Mor, king of Ireland in the second century. The Dunn sept stems from Riagan, tenth in lineal descent from Failgeach, the district ruled over by Riagan, located in County Leix, which became the ancestral home of the Dunns. In later times, their chieftains were known as Lords of Iregan. Irish bards praise the martial prowess and commanding stature of the Dunn warriors. They were undoubtedly conspicuous in history for their doughty resistance to the encroachment of Anglo-Norman invaders who held lands in the pale boarding their territory. The Dunns were in the forefront of every battle for Irish nationalism. They suffered heavily in the bitter and prolonged struggle against Cromwell. In the next generation, they espoused the Stuart cause, and the head of the family was killed in the Battle of Aughrim. With the fall of the Stuarts, the lands of the Dunns were confiscated, and their fighting men who survived followed Sarsfield and the "wild geese" to fight in the ranks of the Irish Brigade in France. Many of them served with distinction in the regiments of O'Donnell, Lord Clare, and Walsh up to the days of the French Revolution. The name Dunn is twenty-seventh in the list of commonest surnames in Ireland. It is widespread in the United States also. Representatives of the family have achieved prominence in the literary, political, and religious life of our country.

https://www.amazon.com/This-Me-Edward-Dunn-Jr/dp/1493179608

Administration/administrators of temporal goods: 1. Of the Society in general: those who are administrators [326, 327, 419-21, 740-745, 759, 815]; the powers they have [743-745]; in what spirit and with what care and dedication the temporal goods of the Society are to be administered [305], 216 §§1, 2-4; social justice is to be safeguarded and fostered in the investment of money, 217; nothing is to be changed in or derogated from norms and instructions without permission, 216 §3; an account of one s administration is to be rendered [326, 741, 759], 167; especially so at the end of the t e rm s o f o f f i c e o f l o c a l superiors and treasurers, 222; negligent or wasteful superiors are to be corrected, 216 §4 2. Of one s own goods: is to be yielded from the beginning of novitiate and after first vows, 57 3. Of the goods of others: not to be undertaken without permission of the general, 166; administration of deposits of money from externs, whether in cash or in negotiable paper, should not be undertaken, 219. See also Buildings; Contracts in general, and in particular: Alienation of goods; Debts; Deposits; Gifts; Investment of money; Legacy; Rentals; Revenues"

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

Mary D. Stifflemire

January 31, 1921 - August 11, 2015

Mary D. Stifflemire, of 43 West McKinsey Rd. in Severna Park, MD, died August 10th of natural causes. She was 94.

Born in New Bern, NC, January 31, 1921, to William F and May H Dunn, Mary had four brothers: William, John, Robert and Roger Dunn. She was 10 years old when her family relocated from New Bern to Washington, DC. The family resided on Clifton St. in NW Washington, DC, and Mary graduated from Central High School. Mary later lived on Quincy Street and on Eastern Avenue in NE Washington, DC, from 1954 to 1980, when she relocated to Fort Lauderdale, FL. She was married to Kenneth H. Ramey in 1941. They later divorced, and she remarried, to Paul F. Stifflemire in 1950. They were also divorced. Mary lived in Pompano Beach, FL with her longtime companion, Arvis “Bill” Lyman from 1984 until his death in 2004. She relocated to Maryland in 2009.

Mary’s professional career included positions as secretary to then Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, followed by several years as secretary to the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the U.S. Armed Forces. She was secretary to Brent Skowcroft, National Security Advisor to President Richard Nixon. She also served as secretary to Alexander Haig, then the Military Assistant to the Presidential Assistant for National Security Affairs, Henry Kissinger. She accompanied President Nixon and Mr. Kissinger on several important foreign missions, including the 1972 talks in Beijing that began the normalization of relations with the People’s Republic of China, and the signing in January 1973 of the Paris Peace Accords that formally ended U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

Mary was an active synchronized swimmer, performing with the Aqua Gems at the Ambassador Hotel in Washington, DC. She was a certified Red Cross swimming instructor and won numerous swimming medals in the Florida Senior Games.

Mary is survived by two sons, Kenneth Ramey, 73, of Bunker Hill, WV, and Paul Stifflemire, 64, of Arnold, MD. She leaves behind six granddaughters: Talia Ramey of College Park, MD; Victoria Ramey of Germantown, MD; Holly Stifflemire of Pepperell, MA; Heidi Crone of Cincinnati, OH; Heather Stifflemire of Framingham, MA; and, Grace Stifflemire of Arnold, MD. Mary also leaves two great-granddaughters, Ella and Cassidy Crone, and two great-grandsons, Anthony and Dominic Ramey.

A wake will be held at the Barranco & Sons, P.A. Funeral Home in Severna Park Maryland on Friday August 14, 2015 from 4:00PM to 8:00PM. A funeral mass will be celebrated at St. John the Evangelist Church, Saturday August 15 at 10:00AM. Mary will be buried with her father and mother at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Washington, DC.

Contributions in lieu of flowers may be made to the Audubon Society.

https://www.barrancofuneralhome.com/obituary/3271963

Knight of Malta Prescott Bush, Jr.; 33º George H. W. Bush, 1990s #719

Sons of Skull and Bonesman/Knight of Malta/Nazi-financier Prescott Bush, Sr., with strong familial ties to the Jesuits ruling England’s Stonyhurst College, both men have been two of the Black Pope’s most powerful nobles ruling over the Vatican’s CFR-controlled 14th Amendment America since the 1960s. Enjoying intimate ties to the high Jesuits and Knights of Malta of Georgetown University, both frequenters of the Order’s Northern California Bohemian Grove are closely associated with brother Knight and the Vatican’s world press lord, Fox News’ Rupert Murdoch, while overseeing Rome’s unified International Intelligence Community including the NSA/CIA, the FSB/SVR, the BND, MI5/MI6 and the Israeli Mossad. George, a CIA asset in the 1960s, was involved in the Bay of Pigs betrayal, the JFK assassination and subsequent CFR/CIA-enforced Great Jesuit Cover-up. He was also a power behind the CIA’s removal of President Nixon via SMOM’s Alexander M. Haig, Jr.’s, Watergate Scandal, SMOM/DCI William J. Casey’s Iran-Contra Affair, and the arming of Iran and Iraq* in preparation for the Company’s 21st Century Crusade against Islam and the US. Indeed, the men who killed Kennedy murdered thousands on 911! Within the Bush family are members of every significant secret society ruled by Rome: Skull and Bones; Knights of Malta; Knights of Columbus; and high-level P2 Freemasonry.

All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings, George H. W. Bush, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999). *George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography, Webster G. Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin, (Washington, D.C.: Executive Intelligence Review, 1992).

Vatican Assassins Wounded In The House of My Friends

Third Edition

by Eric Jon Phelps

https://dn790006.ca.archive.org/0/items/eric-jon-phelps-vatican-assassins-3rd-edition_202101/Eric%20Jon%20Phelps%20-%20Vatican%20Assassins%203rd%20Edition.pdf

Skull and Bones, The Order, Order 322 or The Brotherhood of Death is an undergraduate senior secret student society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/may/20/usa.internationaleducationnews

Genesis 3:22

1599 Geneva Bible

22 ¶ And the Lord God said, [a]Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil. And now lest he put forth his hand, and [b]take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever,

It is perhaps worth noting, in light of George W.'s controversial episode at Bob Jones University and the specter of anti-Catholicism, that at one point in the proceedings every initiate kisses the slippered toe of the "Pope.

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/05/george-w-knight-of-eulogia/304686/

A major landslide occurred 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Oso, Washington, United States, on March 22, 2014 (3/22/2014), at 10:37 a.m. local time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Oso_mudslide

AI Overview

A spy satellite's line of sight (LOS) refers to a direct, unobstructed path between the satellite and its target or a ground station.

Published: 10 October 1996

Russian documents Set out 'tectonic weapon' research

Carl Levitin

Moscow. The first official details have emerged in Moscow of ambitious research into 'tectonic warfare' carried out by the former Soviet Union and subsequently by the government of Russia, and involving atte mpts to stimulate 'artificial' earthquakes as weapons of destruction. According to documents obtained by the newspaper Moscow News, two research programmes, the first known as ' Mercury ' and the second as ' Volcano', were aimed at creating new earthquake epicentres by using underground nuclear explosions . Geophysicists are aware that impending earthquakes may be triggered by underground nuclear explosions . But Western geophysicists remain sceptical about tectonic warfare and have all but abandoned research after two unsuccessful phases of activity in the 1960s and 1980s, says Roger Clark, a lecturer in geophysics at the University of Leeds. Clark is not at all surprised that th e Russians tried to create earthquakes and control their location electromagnetically, however. "This sort of science is very much part of their heritage. We don't think it is impossible, or wrong , but past experience suggests it is very, very unlikely. "

The programme , which was secretly launched by the Communist rulers of the former Soviet Union in 1987, and has been unofficially known to Western geophysicists for several years, is now believed to have been abandoned. It would certainly contravene the terms of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which Russia signe d at the United Nations in Geneva last month . The Mercury project was launched in the former Soviet republic of Azerbaijan, but came to a halt when the republic became independent. It was superseded by the Volcano project. Three underground nuclear tests are believed to have taken place at sites in Kyrgyzstan.

According to the documents, the Mercury project was launched by a secret decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. The objective was to "develop a methodology for remote operation on an earthquake epicentre by using weak seismic fields and research possibilities of transferring the seismic energy of an explosion ".

The documents say that the Mercury project involved 22 scientific and industrial organizations, including the Geological Institute of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences in Baku. The remit extended to developing the electronic equipment to be installed aboard space satellites that would control the tectonic weapon. The scientists were given three years to complete research, with testing planned for 1990.

During the research phase, Azerbaijani scientists grew increasingly confident and, according to the documents, were sure that " after [a] nuclear explosion, subterranean energy may accumulate at huge distances from the epicentre and reach massive capacity, after which the next directed explosion can release it all ".

Underground testing began at the town of Batken in Kyrgyzstan, and was directed by lkram Ke rimov , of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences. The documents say that scientists detonated an underground nuclear charge and tried to control the direction of seismic energy release d using British-built equipment known as 'system 9690 ' .

A report prepared by the Mozhaisky Military Engineering Institute concluded that the test had been a success. But progress slowed considerably following Azerbaijan's independence from the Soviet Union. At about this time , Russia embarked on a more comprehensive tectonic warfare programme known as the Volcano project. The Earth Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) became the project headquarters .

Research was scheduled to be completed in 1992, with underground testing beginning the following year. The final test was carried out at a place code-named S36NZ-0Kh; Moscow News believes the letters 'NZ' refer to Novaya Zemlya, where Soviet nuclear testing began in the 1950s."

https://www.nature.com/articles/383471a0

As May 18 dawned, Mount St. Helens's activity did not show any change from the pattern of the preceding month. The rates of bulge movement and sulfur dioxide emission, and ground temperature readings did not reveal any changes indicating a catastrophic eruption. USGS volcanologist David A. Johnston was on duty at an observation post around 6 mi (10 km) north of the volcano: as of 6:00 am, Johnston's measurements did not indicate any unusual activity.[9]

At 8:32 am, a magnitude-5.1 earthquake centered directly below the north slope triggered that part of the volcano to slide,[31] approximately 7–20 seconds after the shock,[9] followed a few seconds later by the main volcanic blast. The landslide, the largest subaerial landslide in recorded history, traveled at 110 to 155 mph (177 to 249 km/h) and moved across Spirit Lake's west arm. Part of it hit a 1,150 ft-high (350 m) ridge about 6 mi (10 km) north.[9] Some of the slide spilled over the ridge, but most of it moved 13 mi (21 km) down the North Fork Toutle River, filling its valley up to 600 feet (180 m) deep with avalanche debris.[31] An area of about 24 sq mi (62 km2) was covered, and the total volume of the deposit was about 0.7 cu mi (2.9 km3).[9]

Scientists were able to reconstruct the motion of the landslide from a series of rapid photographs by Gary Rosenquist, who was camping 11 mi (18 km) away from the blast 46°18′49″N 122°02′12″W.[9] Rosenquist, his party, and his photographs survived because the blast was deflected by local topography 1 mi (1.6 km) short of his location.[32]

Sound of the eruption of Mount St. Helens, as heard from 140 miles away

Duration: 44 seconds.0:44

Amateur recording of a series of booms produced by the eruption, as heard from the town of Newport, Oregon (audio filtered and amplified).

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Most of St. Helens's former north side became a rubble deposit 17 mi (27 km) long, averaging 150 ft (46 m) thick; the slide was thickest at 1 mi (1.6 km) below Spirit Lake and thinnest at its western margin.[9] The landslide temporarily displaced the waters of Spirit Lake to the ridge north of the lake, in a giant wave about 600 ft (180 m) high.[33] This, in turn, created a 295 ft (90 m) avalanche of debris consisting of the returning waters and thousands of uprooted trees and stumps. Some of these remained intact with roots, but most had been sheared off at the stump seconds earlier by the blast of superheated volcanic gas and ash that had immediately followed and overtaken the initial landslide. The debris was transported along with the water as it returned to its basin, raising the surface level of Spirit Lake by about 200 ft (61 m).[9]

Four decades after the eruption, floating log mats persist on Spirit Lake and nearby St. Helens Lake, changing position with the wind. The rest of the trees, especially those that were not completely detached from their roots, were turned upright by their own weight and became waterlogged, sinking into the muddy sediments at the bottom where they are in the process of becoming petrified in the anaerobic and mineral-rich waters. This provides insight into other sites with a similar fossil record.[34]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens

Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa];[b] 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II

Updated May 18, 2023 Defense Primer: Directed-Energy Weapons Both the 2022 National Defense Strategy and the House Armed Services Committee’s bipartisan Future of Defense Task Force Report have identified directed energy as a technology that could have a significant impact on U.S. national security in the years to come. As the Department of Defense (DOD) continues to invest in directed-energy (DE) weapons, Congress may consider implications for defense authorizations, appropriations, and oversight. Overview DOD defines DE weapons as those using concentrated electromagnetic energy, rather than kinetic energy, to “incapacitate, damage, disable, or destroy enemy equipment, facilities, and/or personnel.” DE weapons include high-energy lasers (HEL) and high-powered microwave (HPM) weapons; other DE weapons, such as particle beam weapons, are outside the scope of this In Focus. HELs might be used by ground forces in short-range air defense (SHORAD), counter-unmanned aircraft systems (C-UAS), or counter-rocket, artillery, and mortar (C-RAM) missions. The weapons might be used to “dazzle” (i.e., temporarily disable) or damage satellites and sensors. This could in turn interfere with intelligence-gathering operations; military cmmunications; and positioning, navigation, and timing systems used for weapons targeting. In addition, HELs could theoretically provide options for boost-phase missile intercept, given their speed-of-light travel time; however, experts disagree on the affordability, technological feasibility, and utility of this application. In general, HELs might offer lower costs per shot and— assuming access to a sufficient power supply—deeper magazines compared with traditional munitions. (Although a number of different types of HELs exist, many of the United States’ current programs are solid state lasers, which are fueled by electrical power. As a result, the cost per shot is equivalent to the cost of the electrical power required to fire the shot.) This could in turn produce a favorable cost exchange ratio for the defender, whose marginal costs would be significantly lower than those of the aggressor.

https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11882

https://www.facebook.com/billy.dunn.50767/posts/pfbid02QQKPJ8GadPDUKRL2nJhrpyZxr1TvbtT9JFzyyoZdfYPiXRDPuq8AbM513HXEkfhwl

Earthquake Promo [1991-01-26]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtKtRrOfEhk

Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025

In 2025, US aerospace forces can own the weather by capitalizing on emerging technologies and focusing development of those technologies to war fighting applications. Such a capability offers the war fighter tools to shape the battlespace in ways never before possible. It provides opportunities to impact operations across the full spectrum of conflict and is pertinent to all possible futures. The purpose of this paper is to outline a strategy for the use of a future weather modification system to achieve military objectives rather than to provide a detailed technical road map. A high risk, high reward endeavor, weather modification offers a dilemma not unlike the splitting of the atom While some segments of society will always be reluctant to examine controversial issues such as weather modification, the tremendous military capabilities that could result from this field are ignored at our own peril. From enhancing friendly operations or disrupting those of the enemy via small scale tailoring of natural weather patterns to complete dominance of global communications and counterspace control, weather modification offers the war fighter a wide range of possible options to defeat or coerce an adversary. Some of the potential capabilities a weather modification system could provide to a war fighting commander in chief CINC are listed in table 1. Technology advancements in five major areas are necessary for an integrated weather modification capability 1 advanced nonlinear modeling techniques, 2 computational capability, 3 information gathering and transmission, 4 a global sensor array, and 5 weather intervention techniques. Some intervention tools exist today and others may be developed and refined in the future."

Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025 (dtic.mil)

As early as 1990, weather force specialists at the U.S. Air Force Academy were hard at work studying how to chemically mix and lay “aerial obscuration” they called “chemtrails.” Project Cloverleaf began quietly enough (as all classified projects do) with the 1994 Hughes Aircraft patent for Welsbach Seeding For Reduction of Global Warming. Welsbach seeding called for spreading highly reflective materials in the atmosphere to reflect back into space 1–2 percent of incoming sunlight and thus slow down “global warming.” However, it was also about beginning to create a more conductive atmosphere in preparation for Bernard Eastlund’s High-frequency Active Auroral Research Project (HAARP) already under construction in Alaska. The reflective material (~10 microns) to be added to jet auxiliary fuel tanks was the highly conductive compound aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The jet’s main tanks would be reserved for takeoff and landing, and the auxiliary loaded with Al2O3 for cruising altitude. Lawrence Livermore National Labs priced the program at US$1 billion per annum (in 1994 dollars). By the late 1990s, aerial grids were being laid over chosen regions and cities of the U.S. and other NATO nations. In 1996, the military went public with two documents that obliquely referenced what Cloverleaf was up to: the Pentagon paper “Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025” in Air Force 2025,1 which called the chemical whitening effect “cirrus shielding”; and U.S. Space Command’s Vision for 2020 calling for full spectrum dominance of space, land, sea, and air.2 Air traffic controllers (ATC) at major airports were coached to re-route commercial air traffic around military craft engaged in “classified aerial operations” at 37,000–40,000 feet. ATC radar revealed a haze of aluminum and barium—Al2O3 for solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering, barium stearate Ba(C18H35O2)2 for lubrication, radar imaging, and highpowered RF-microwave beam weapons.

A wide range of particles could be released into the stratosphere to achieve the SRM objective of scattering sunlight back to space. Sulfates and nanoparticles currently favored for SRM include sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, black carbon, and specially engineered discs composed of metallic aluminum, aluminum oxide and barium titanate. In particular, engineered nanoparticles are considered very promising. The particles would utilize photophoretic and electromagnetic forces to self-levitate above the stratosphere. These nanoparticles would remain suspended longer than sulfate particles, would not interfere with stratospheric chemistry, and would not produce acid rain. However, while promising, the self-levitating nanodisc has not been tested to verify efficacy, may increase ocean acidification due to atmospheric CO2 entrapment, has uncharacterized human health and environmental impacts, and may be prohibitively expensive.3

The truth is that the 10 billion SRM discs 10 micrometers across and 50 nanometers thick are engineered with a core of aluminum, a top layer of aluminum oxide, and a bottom layer of barium titanate—aluminum to reflect heat up, heavier barium purportedly to push the discs up (photophoresis). Introduce a magnetic component, then spray, and the nanoparticles will follow the Earth’s magnetic field into the upper atmosphere. By 1998, the Ontario Ministry of Environment (Canada) found 7X the safe limit for aluminum in rainwater samples. More and more citizens complained of sudden headaches, joint pains, dizziness, fatigue, acute asthma, gastrointestinal pain, coughs, and feverless flu symptoms. In 2000, Cloverleaf went public in an offhand way with a comment from an anonymous airline executive to independent scientist Clifford Carnicom, then the most visible scientist collecting data on the aerosol fallout over northern New Mexico. According to this “Deep Throat,” the purpose of Cloverleaf was “to allow commercial airlines to assist in releasing these chemicals into the atmosphere.”4 Military jets simply could not keep up with the “global dimming” now called solar radiation management (SRM), so the entire airline industry was being drafted in the name of national security."

Under An Ionized Sky: From Chemtrails To Space Fence Lockdown

by Elana Freeland

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oneu_kEMMH5AeAffiWOR_7NJ0HptHJrC/view?usp=sharing

Pedro Arrupe y Gondra, SJ (14 November 1907 – 5 February 1991) was a Spanish Catholic priest who served as the 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus from 1965 to 1983.[3] He has been called a second founder of the Society, which he led in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council, especially with regard to faith that does justice and preferential option for the poor.[4][3]

Born in 1907 in Bilbao, Arrupe joined the Jesuits in 1927 and was ordained to the priesthood in 1936. While serving as a novice master outside Hiroshima in 1945, Arrupe used his medical background as a first responder to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.[5]

In 1983, paralysis from a stroke caused Arrupe to resign from office. He lived on until 1991, when he died in the local Jesuit infirmary.[5] His cause for sainthood was opened by the Jesuits and the Diocese of Rome in 2018.

Later life

On 7 August 1981, after a long and tiring trip throughout the Far East, Arrupe suffered a stroke just after his plane landed at Rome's Fiumicino Airport. He was paralysed on his right side and was able to speak only a few words. This ability gradually deteriorated until he was completely mute. From that time on he lived in the infirmary at the Jesuit headquarters in Rome. He then became the first-ever Jesuit superior general to resign. Pope John Paul II appointed Paolo Dezza as his personal delegate and interim Father General of the Society, passing over Arrupe's own choice (his vicar general). Many Jesuits saw this as an unwarranted papal interference in Jesuit affairs. For his part, Arrupe never expressed any disagreement or resentment.[13] Jesuit disobedience to the pope that was expected by some at the Roman Curia never came about.[27] With new respect for the Jesuits, Pope John Paul allowed Dezza to call the thirty-third General Congregation and elect a successor to Arrupe, whose resignation was accepted on 3 September 1983 during the Congregation. He was succeeded by Peter Hans Kolvenbach. During the opening Session of the Congregation, Arrupe was wheeled into the hall, and a prayer which he had written was read aloud:

"More than ever I find myself in the hands of God. This is what I have wanted all my life from my youth. But now there is a difference; the initiative is entirely with God. It is indeed a profound spiritual experience to know and feel myself so totally in God's hands."[9]

During his ten years in the infirmary, Arrupe received many and frequent well-wishers, including Pope John Paul II. Arrupe had earlier expressed what some regard as the key to his life: "Nowadays the world does not need words but lives that cannot be explained except through faith and love for Christ's poor."[4]

Death and burial

Arrupe died at 7:45pm on 5 February 1991, the anniversary of the 26 Martyrs of Japan. His final words had been: "For the present, Amen; for the future, Alleluia."[28]

His funeral was held in the Church of the Gesu, Rome, on February 9 and was attended by crowds that filled the piazza outside the church. Also in attendance were 10 cardinals, 20 bishops, Giulio Andreotti (the Prime Minister of Italy), as well as other religious and civil dignitaries. His body, first interred in the Jesuit mausoleum at Campo Verano, was brought back into the Church of the Gesù where it currently lies in a side chapel.[29]

Beatification process

On 11 July 2018, the Father General of the Society of Jesus, Arturo Sosa, announced the beginning of Arrupe's beatification process by the Diocese of Rome.[30] On 14 November 2018, a website was established with testimonials and archival material on his life.[31] On 14 November 2024, Cardinal-elect Baldassare Reina presided over the diocesan tribunal's termination of its inquiry at the Lateran Palace. The Dicastery for the Causes of Saints will next determine whether Arrupe should be declared Venerable.[32]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Arrupe

The CORONA [1] program was a series of American strategic reconnaissance satellites produced and operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Directorate of Science & Technology with substantial assistance from the U.S. Air Force. The CORONA satellites were used for photographic surveillance of the Soviet Union (USSR), China, and other areas beginning in June 1959 and ending in May 1972."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CORONA_(satellite)

Havana syndrome ’ and the mystery of the microwaves by Gordon Carera

"Doctors, scientists, intelligence agents and government officials have all been trying to find out what causes "Havana syndrome" - a mysterious illness that has struck American diplomats and spies. Some call it an act of war, others wonder if it is some new and secret form of surveillance - and some people believe it could even be all in the mind. So who or what is responsible? It often started with a sound, one that people struggled to describe. "Buzzing", "grinding metal", "piercing squeals", was the best they could manage. One woman described a low hum and intense pressure in her skull; another felt a pulse of pain. Those who did not hear a sound, felt heat or pressure. But for those who heard the sound, covering their ears made no difference. Some of the people who experienced the syndrome were left with dizziness and fatigue for months. Havana syndrome first emerged in Cuba in 2016. The first cases were CIA officers, which meant they were kept secret. But, eventually, word got out and anxiety spread. Twenty-six personnel and family members would report a wide variety of symptoms. There were whispers that some colleagues thought sufferers were crazy and it was "all in the mind". Five years on, reports now number in the hundreds and, the BBC has been told, span every continent, leaving a real impact on the US's ability to operate overseas. Uncovering the truth has now become a top US national security priority - one that an official has described as the most difficult intelligence challenge they have ever faced. Hard evidence has been elusive, making the syndrome a battleground for competing theories. Some see it as a psychological illness, others a secret weapon. But a growing trail of evidence has focused on microwaves as the most likely culprit. In 2015, diplomatic relations between the US and Cuba were restored after decades of hostility. But within two years, Havana syndrome almost shut the embassy down, as staff were withdrawn because of concerns for their welfare. Initially, there was speculation that the Cuban government - or a hard-line faction opposed to improving relations - might be responsible, having deployed some kind of sonic weapon. Cuba's security services, after all, had been nervous about an influx of US personnel and kept a tight grip on the capital. That theory would fade as cases spread around the world. But recently, another possibility has come into the frame - one whose roots lay in the darker recesses of the Cold War, and a place where science, medicine, espionage and geopolitics collide. When James Lin, a professor at the University of Illinois, read the first reports about the mysterious sounds in Havana, he immediately suspected that microwaves were responsible. His belief was based not just on theoretical research, but first-hand experience. Decades earlier, he had heard the sounds himself. Since its emergence around World War Two, there had been reports of people being able to hear something when a nearby radar was switched on and began sending microwaves into the sky. This was even though there was no external noise. In 1961, a paper by Dr Allen Frey argued the sounds were caused by microwaves interacting with the nervous system, leading to the term the "Frey Effect". But the exact causes - and implications - remained unclear. In the 1970s, Prof Lin set to work conducting his experiments at the University of Washington. He sat on a wooden chair in a small room lined with absorbent materials, an antenna aimed at the back of his head. In his hand he held a light switch. Outside, a colleague sent pulses of microwaves through the antenna at random intervals. If Prof Lin heard a sound, he pressed the switch. A single pulse sounded like a zip or a clicking finger. A series of pulses like a bird chirping. They were produced in his head rather than as sound waves coming from outside. Prof Lin believed the energy was absorbed by the soft brain tissue and converted to a pressure wave moving inside the head, which was interpreted by the brain as sound. This occurred when high-power microwaves were delivered as pulses rather than in the low-power continuous form you get from a modern microwave oven or other devices. Prof Lin recalls that he was careful not to dial it up too high. "I did not want to have my brain damaged," he told the BBC. In 1978, he found he was not alone in his interest, and received an unusual invitation to discuss his latest paper from a group of scientists who had been carrying out their own experiments. During the Cold War, science was the focus of intense super-power rivalry. Even areas like mind control were explored, amid fears of the other side getting an edge - and this included microwaves. Prof Lin was shown the Soviet approach at a centre of scientific research in the town of Pushchino, near Moscow. "They had a very elaborate, very well-equipped laboratory," Prof Lin recalls. But their experiment was cruder than his. The subject would sit in a drum of salty seawater with their head sticking out. Then microwaves would be fired at their brain. The scientists thought the microwaves interacted with the nervous system and wanted to question Prof Lin on his alternative view. Curiosity cut both ways, and US spies kept close track on Soviet research. A 1976 report by the US Defense Intelligence Agency, unearthed by the BBC, says it could find no proof of Communist-bloc microwave weapons, but says it had learnt of experiments where microwaves were pulsed at the throat of frogs until their hearts stopped. The report also reveals that the US was concerned Soviet microwaves could be used to impair brain function or induce sounds for psychological effect. "Their internal sound perception research has great potential for development into a system for disorienting or disrupting the behaviour patterns of military or diplomatic personnel." American interest was more than just defensive. James Lin would occasionally glimpse references to secret US work on weapons in the same field. And while Prof Lin was in Pushchino, another group of Americans not far away were worried that they were being zapped by microwaves - and that their own government had covered it up. For nearly a quarter of a century, the 10-storey US embassy in Moscow was bathed by a wide, invisible beam of low-level microwaves. It became known as "the Moscow signal". But for many years, most of those working inside knew nothing. The beam came from an antenna on the balcony of a nearby Soviet apartment and hit the upper floors of the embassy where the ambassador's office and more sensitive work was carried out. It had been first spotted in the 1950s and was later monitored from a room on the 10th floor. But its existence was a secret tightly held from all but a few working inside. "We were trying to figure out just what might be its purpose," explains Jack Matlock, number two at the embassy in the mid-70s. But a new ambassador, Walter Stoessel, arrived in 1974 and threatened to resign unless everyone was told. "That caused something like panic," recalls Mr Matlock. Embassy staff whose children were in a basement nursery were especially worried. But the State Department played down any risk. Then Ambassador Stoessel, himself, fell ill - with bleeding of the eyes as one of his symptoms. In a now declassified 1975 phone call to the Soviet ambassador to Washington, US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger linked Stoessel's illness to microwaves, admitting "we are trying to keep the thing quiet". Stoessel died of leukaemia at the age of 66. "He decided to play the good soldier", and not make a fuss, his daughter told the BBC. From 1976 screens were installed to protect people. But many diplomats were angry, believing the State Department had first kept quiet, and then resisted acknowledging any possible health impact. This was a claim echoed decades later with Havana syndrome. What was the Moscow signal for? "I'm pretty sure that the Soviets had intentions other than damaging us," says Matlock. They were ahead of the US in surveillance technology and one theory was that they bounced microwaves off windows to pick up conversations, another that they were activating their own listening devices hidden inside the building or capturing information through microwaves hitting US electronic devices (known as "peek and poke"). The Soviets at one point told Matlock that the purpose was actually to jam American equipment on the embassy roof used to intercept Soviet communications in Moscow. This is the world of surveillance and counter-surveillance, one so secret that even within embassies and governments only a few people know the full picture. One theory is that Havana involved a much more targeted method to carry out some kind of surveillance with higher-power, directed microwaves. One former UK intelligence official told the BBC that microwaves could be used to "illuminate" electronic devices to extract signals or identify and track them. Others speculate that a device (even perhaps an American one) might have been poorly engineered or malfunctioned and caused a physical reaction in some people. However, US officials tell the BBC no device has been identified or recovered. After a lull, cases began to spread beyond Cuba. In December 2017, Marc Polymeropolous woke suddenly in a Moscow hotel room. A senior CIA officer, he was in town to meet Russian counterparts. "My ears were ringing, my head was spinning. I felt like I was going to vomit. I couldn't stand up," he told the BBC. "It was terrifying." It was a year after the first Havana cases, but the CIA medical office told him his symptoms didn't match the Cuban cases. A long battle for medical treatment began. The severe headaches never went away and in the summer of 2019 he was forced to retire. Mr Polymreopolous originally thought he had been hit by some kind of technical surveillance tool that had been "turned up too much". But when more cases emerged at the CIA which were all, he says, linked to people working on Russia, he came to believe he had been targeted with a weapon. But then came China, including at the consulate in Guangzhou in early 2018. Some of those affected in China contacted Beatrice Golomb, a professor at the University of California, San Diego, who has long researched the health effects of microwaves, as well as other unexplained illnesses. She told the BBC that she wrote to the State Department's medical team in January 2018 with a detailed account of why she thought microwaves were responsible. "This makes for interesting reading," was the non-committal response. Prof Golomb says high levels of radiation were recorded by family members of personnel in Guangzhou using commercially available equipment. "The needle went off the top of the available readings." But she says the State Department told its own employees that the measurements they had taken off their own back were classified. A host of problems plagued early investigations. There was a failure to collect consistent data. The State Department and CIA failed to communicate with each other, and the scepticism of their internal medical teams caused tension. Only one out of the nine cases from China was initially determined by the State Department to match the criteria for the syndrome based on Havana cases. That left others who experienced symptoms angry, and feeling as if they were being accused of making it up. They began a battle for equal treatment, which is still going on today. As frustration grew, some of those affected turned to Mark Zaid, a lawyer who specialises in national security cases. He now acts for around two dozen government personnel, half from the intelligence community. "This is not Havana syndrome. It's a misnomer," argues Mr Zaid, whose clients were affected in many locations. "What's been going on has been known by the United States government probably, based on evidence that I have seen, since the late 1960s." Since 2013, Mr Zaid has represented one employee of the US National Security Agency who believed they were damaged in 1996 in a location which remains classified. Mr Zaid questions why the US government has been so unwilling to acknowledge a longer history. One possibility, he says, is because it might open a Pandora's Box of incidents that have been ignored over the years. Another is because the US, too, has developed and perhaps even deployed microwaves itself and wants to keep it secret. The country's interest in weaponising microwaves extended beyond the end of the Cold War. Reports say from the 1990s, the US Air Force had a project codenamed "Hello" to see if microwaves could create disturbing sounds in people's heads, one called "Goodbye" to test their use for crowd control, and one codenamed "Goodnight" to see if they could be used to kill people. Reports from a decade ago suggested these had not proved successful. But the study of the mind and what can be done to it has been receiving increased focus within the military and security world. "The brain is being seen as the 21st Century battle-scape," argues James Giordano, an adviser to the Pentagon and Professor in Neurology and Biochemistry at Georgetown University, who was asked to look at the initial Havana cases. "Brain sciences are global. It is not just the province of what used to be known as the West." Ways to both augment and damage brain function are being worked on, he told the BBC. But it is a field with little transparency or rules. He says China and Russia have been engaged in microwave research and raises the possibility that tools developed for industrial and commercial uses - for instance to test the impact of microwaves on materials - could have been repurposed. But he also wonders if disruption and spreading fear were also the aim. This kind of technology may have been around for a while - and even have been used selectively. But that would still mean something changed in Cuba to get it noticed. Bill Evanina was a senior intelligence official when the Havana cases emerged, and stepped down as the head of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center this year. He has little doubt about what happened in Havana. "Was it an offensive weapon? I believe it was," he told the BBC. He believes microwaves may have been deployed in recent military conflicts, but points to specific circumstances to explain a shift. Cuba, 90 miles off the Florida coast, has long been an ideal site to collect "signals intelligence" by intercepting communications. During the Cold War, it was home to a major Soviet listening station. When Vladimir Putin visited in 2014, reports suggested it was being re-opened. China also opened two sites in recent years, according to one source, while the Russians sent in 30 additional intelligence officers. But from 2015, the US was back in town. With its newly opened embassy and a beefed-up presence, the US was just beginning to establish its footing, collecting intelligence and pushing back against Russian and Chinese spies. "We were in a ground fight," one person recalls. Then the sounds began. "Who had the most to benefit from the closing of the embassy in Havana?" asks Mr Evanina. "If the Russian government was increasing and promulgating their intelligence collection in Cuba, it was probably not good for them to have the US in Cuba." Russia has repeatedly dismissed accusations it is involved, or has "directed microwave weapons". "Such provocative, baseless speculation and fanciful hypotheses can't really be considered a serious matter for comment," its foreign ministry has said. And there have been sceptics about the very existence of Havana syndrome. They argue that the unique situation in Cuba supports their case.

Contagious Stress

Robert W Baloh, a Professor of Neurology at UCLA, has long studied unexplained health symptoms. When he saw the Havana syndrome reports, he concluded they were a mass psychogenic condition. He compares this to the way people feel sick when they are told they have eaten tainted food even if there was nothing wrong with it - the reverse of the placebo effect. "When you see mass psychogenic illness, there's usually some stressful underlying situation," he says. "In the case of Cuba and the mass of the embassy employees - particularly the CIA agents who first were affected - they certainly were in a stressful situation." In his view, every-day symptoms like brain fog and dizziness are reframed - by sufferers, media and health professionals - as the syndrome. "The symptoms are as real as any other symptoms," he says, arguing that individuals became hyper-aware and fearful as reports spread, especially within a closed community. This, he believes, then became contagious among other US officials serving abroad.

There remain many unexplained elements. Why did Canadian diplomats report symptoms in Havana? Were they collateral damage from targeting nearby Americans? And why have no UK officials reported symptoms? "The Russians have literally tried to kill people on British soil in recent years with radioactive materials, yet why are there no reported cases?" asks Mark Zaid. "I would probably put on pause the statement that no-one in the UK has experienced any symptoms," responds Bill Evanina, who says the US is now sharing details with allies to spot cases. Some instances may be unrelated. "We had a bunch of military folk in the Middle East who claimed to have this attack - turned out they had food poisoning," says one former official. "We need to separate the wheat from the chaff," reckons Mark Zaid, who says members of the public, some with mental health issues, approach him claiming to suffer from microwave attacks. One former official reckons around half the cases reported by US officials are possibly linked to attacks by an adversary. Others say the real number could be even smaller. A December 2020 report by the US National Academies of Sciences was a pivotal moment. Experts took evidence from scientists and clinicians as well as eight victims. "It was quite dramatic," recalls Professor David Relman of Stanford, who chaired the panel. "Some of these people literally were in hiding, for fear of further actions against them by whomever. There were actually precautions we had to take to ensure their safety." The panel looked at psychological and other causes, but concluded that directed, high energy, pulsed microwaves were most likely responsible for some of the cases, similar to the view of James Lin, who gave evidence. But even though the State Department sponsored the study, it still considers the conclusion only a plausible hypothesis and officials say they have not found further evidence to support it. The Biden administration has signalled it is taking the issue seriously. CIA and State Department officials are given advice on how to respond to incidents (including 'getting off the X' - meaning physically moving from a spot if they feel they are getting hit). The State Department has set up a task force to support staff over what are now called "unexplained health incidents". Previous attempts to categorise cases as to whether they met specific criteria have been abandoned. But without a definition, it becomes harder to count. This year, a new wave of cases arrived - including Berlin and a larger group in Vienna. In August, a trip by US Vice-President Kamala Harris to Vietnam was delayed three hours because of a reported case at the embassy in Hanoi. Worried diplomats are now asking questions before taking foreign assignments with their families. "This is a major distraction for us if we think that the Russians are doing things to our intelligence officers who are travelling," says former CIA officer Polymreopolous, who finally received the medical treatment he wanted this year. "That's going to put a crimp in our operational footprint." The CIA has taken over the hunt for a cause, with a veteran of the hunt for Osama bin Laden placed in charge.

Markers In The Blood

An accusation that another state has been harming US officials is a consequential one. "That's an act of war," says Mr Polymeropolous. That makes it a high bar to reach. Policymakers will demand hard evidence, which so far, officials say, is still lacking. Five years on, some US officials say little more is known other than when Havana syndrome started. But others disagree. They say the evidence for microwaves is much stronger now, if not yet conclusive. The BBC has learnt that new evidence is arriving as data is collected and analysed more systematically for the first time. Some of the cases this year showed specific markers in the blood, indicating brain injury. These markers fall away after a few days and previously too much time had elapsed to spot them. But now that people are being tested much more quickly after reporting symptoms, they have been seen for the first time. The debate remains divisive and it is possible the answer is complex. There may be a core of real cases, while others have been folded into the syndrome. Officials raise the possibility that the technology and the intent might have changed over time, perhaps shifting to try and unsettle the US. Some even worry one state may have piggy-backed on another's activities. "We like a simple label diagnosis," argues Professor Relman. "But sometimes it is tough to achieve. And when we can't, we have to be very careful not to simply throw up our hands and walk away." The mystery of Havana syndrome could be its real power. The ambiguity and fear it spreads act as a multiplier, making more and more people wonder if they are suffering, and making it harder for spies and diplomats to operate overseas. Even if it began as a tightly defined incident, Havana syndrome may have developed a life of its own."

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-58396698

The White House Spins Trump’s Disinfectant Remarks

By Robert Farley and Eugene Kiely

Posted on April 24, 2020

At an April 23 press briefing, President Donald Trump mused about the possibility of using “very powerful light” and injecting disinfectant into the body to kill COVID-19 – a suggestion that, in the case of disinfectant, was roundly criticized by experts as dangerous. A day later, he said he was being “sarcastic.”

There’s no clear indication in his remarks that Trump was joking, either in his initial comment or when he returned to the topic later in the briefing. But we’ll leave it for readers to judge.

The Briefing

At the briefing, William Bryan, who leads the science and technology directorate at the Department of Homeland Security, addressed the media about recent DHS research on how well the coronavirus survives on nonporous surfaces in heat, humidity and sunlight. Bryan said the “virus dies the quickest in the presence of direct sunlight” and also talked about the testing of disinfectants that quickly kill the virus on surfaces.

Trump then spoke about the powers of sunlight and disinfectant, turning at times to address Bryan.

Trump, April 23: A question that probably some of you are thinking of if you’re totally into that world, which I find to be very interesting. So, supposing we hit the body with a tremendous, whether it’s ultraviolet or just very powerful light, and I think you said that hasn’t been checked, but you’re going to test it. And then I said supposing you brought the light inside the body, which you can do either through the skin or in some other way. And I think you said you’re going to test that too. Sounds interesting, right? And then I see the disinfectant, where it knocks it out in a minute, one minute. And is there a way we can do something like that by injection inside or almost a cleaning, because you see it gets in the lungs and it does a tremendous number on the lungs. So it’d be interesting to check that. So that you’re going to have to use medical doctors with, but it sounds interesting to me. So, we’ll see, but the whole concept of the light, the way it kills it in one minute. That’s pretty powerful.

Here, Bryan responded to a reporter’s question about injecting a cleaner into the body, and Trump backtracked on his previous speculation about an “injection”:

ABC News chief White House correspondent Jonathan Karl, April 23: The president mentioned the idea of a cleaner, bleach and isopropyl alcohol emerging. There’s no scenario where that could be injected into a person, is there?

Bryan: No, I’m here to talk about the finds that we had in the study. We don’t do that within that lab at our labs.

Trump: It wouldn’t be through injection. We’re talking about through almost a cleaning, sterilization of an area. Maybe it works, maybe it doesn’t work. But it certainly has a big effect if it’s on a stationary object.

Later in the briefing, Trump suggested applying “light and heat to cure,” and Dr. Deborah Birx, the coordinator of the White House coronavirus task force, responded to Trump’s question by saying she hasn’t heard of heat or light “as a treatment.”

Trump, April 23: I would like you to speak to the medical doctors to see if there’s any way that you can apply light and heat to cure. You know — if you could. And maybe you can, maybe you can’t. Again, I say, maybe you can, maybe you can’t. I’m not a doctor. But I’m like a person that has a good you know what. Deborah, have you ever heard of that? The heat and the light, relative to certain viruses, yes, but relative to this virus?

Birx: Not as a treatment. I mean, certainly fever is a good thing. When you have a fever, it helps your body respond. But not as — I’ve not seen heat or light …

Trump: I think it’s a great thing to look at. I mean, you know. Okay?

The Day After the Briefing

The following morning, after numerous press reports cited experts calling the injection or ingestion of disinfectants dangerous, White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany issued a statement claiming Trump’s words had been taken “out of context.”

“President Trump has repeatedly said that Americans should consult with medical doctors regarding coronavirus treatment, a point that he emphasized again during yesterday’s briefing,” McEnany said. “Leave it to the media to irresponsibly take President Trump out of context and run with negative headlines.”

That morning, U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams also issued this warning via Twitter, “A reminder to all Americans- PLEASE always talk to your health provider first before administering any treatment/ medication to yourself or a loved one. Your safety is paramount, and doctors and nurses are have years of training to recommend what’s safe and effective.”

Later in the day, Trump claimed his comments the previous day were “sarcastic.”

Reporter, April 24: Can you clarify your comments about injections of disinfectant?

Trump: No, I was asking a question sarcastically to reporters like you, just to see what would happen.

Now, disinfectant, or doing this, maybe on the hands, would work. And I was asking the question of the gentleman who was there yesterday — Bill — because when they say that something will last three or four hours or six hours, but if the sun is out or if they use disinfectant, it goes away in less than a minute. Did you hear about this yesterday? But I was asking a sarcastic — and a very sarcastic question — to the reporters in the room about disinfectant on the inside. But it does kill it and it would kill it on the hands and that would make things much better. That was done in the form of a sarcastic question to the reporters. Okay.

Reporter: But you were asking your medical experts to look into it.

Trump: Uh, no, no, no, no.

Reporter: Were you being sarcastic with them?

Trump: To look into whether or not sun and disinfectant on the hands, but whether or not sun can help us because, I mean, he came in yesterday and he said they’ve done a big study. This is a study. This isn’t where he hasn’t done it. This is where they’ve come in with a final report that sun has a massive impact, negatively, on this vir– in other words, it does not live well with humidity, and it doesn’t live well with sun — sunlight — heat. It doesn’t live well with heat and sun and disinfectant. And that’s what I brought out. And I thought it was clear. Okay. Anything else?

Although Trump said he told Bryan “to look into whether or not sun and disinfectant on the hands … can help us,” that is not what the video shows. At the briefing, Trump didn’t say anything to Bryan about hands.

Turning to Bryan, Trump said at the briefing, “And then I see the disinfectant, where it knocks it out in a minute, one minute. And is there a way we can do something like that by injection inside or almost a cleaning, because you see it gets in the lungs and it does a tremendous number on the lungs. So it’d be interesting to check that.”

Again, we didn’t detect any sarcasm – and we aren’t alone in that – but since sarcasm is subjective, we’ll leave it to readers to make up their own minds about the president’s intent.

FactCheck.org does not accept advertising. We rely on grants and individual donations from people like you. Please consider a donation. Credit card donations may be made through our “Donate” page. If you prefer to give by check, send to: FactCheck.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center, 202 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104.

https://www.factcheck.org/2020/04/the-white-house-spins-trumps-disinfectant-remarks/

La tiara papal es una triple CORONA que fue usada por los papas, líderes de la Iglesia católica, desde el siglo VIII hasta el XX. Fue utilizada por última vez por el papa Pablo VI.

El término «tiara» se refiere a la totalidad de la pieza, sin importar cuántas coronas o diademas la hubieran adornado a través de los siglos,[1][2] mientras que su forma de tres niveles, que fue ideada en el siglo XIV, es también llamada triregnum[3][4] «triple tiara»[5][6][7] o «triple corona».[8]

De 1143 a 1963, la tiara papal se colocó solemnemente en la cabeza del papa durante su ceremonia de coronación. Las tiaras papales supervivientes poseen todas el triregnum, siendo la más antigua la de 1572, y el resto no anteriores al año 1800.

Una representación del triregnum, combinada con las dos llaves cruzadas de San Pedro, continúa siendo utilizada como un símbolo del papado y aparece en sus documentos, edificios e insignias.

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiara_papal

Pope Francis urges people to get COVID-19 vaccine as "an act of love"

August 18, 2021 / 8:18 AM EDT / CBS/AFP

Add CBS News on Google

Pope Francis said getting the coronavirus vaccine was "an act of love" Wednesday, as the head of the world's 1.2 billion Catholics joined a campaign to boost confidence in COVID-19 shots.

"Thanks to God and to the work of many, we now have vaccines to protect us from COVID-19," Francis said in a message for the U.S.-based "It's Up to You" initiative.

"They grant us the hope of ending the pandemic, but only if they are available to all and if we work together," he said in the video, aimed at communities disproportionately affected by the virus in North, Central and South America.

"Being vaccinated... is an act of love," the 84-year old said. "And contributing to ensure the majority of people are vaccinated is an act of love. Love for oneself, love for one's family and friends, love for all people".

Coronavirus has killed nearly 4.4 million people since the outbreak emerged in China in December 2019, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins.

Despite mass vaccine campaigns, conspiracy theories and distrust of governments or pharmaceuticals are fueling transmission of the virus.

In the U.S., the worst-affected country in terms of COVID-19 deaths, the vast majority of new fatalities and serious cases are among the unvaccinated.

Francis was joined by cardinals and archbishops from Brazil, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico and Peru for the campaign by the Ad Council and COVID Collaborative and the Vatican's Dicastery for Integral Human Development.

Earlier this year, Francis and retired Pope Benedict got their first doses of the COVID vaccine. At age 21, Francis had part of a lung removed due to a recurring lung infection.

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pope-francis-covid-19-vaccine-act-of-love/

REMOTE CONTROL HEART ATTACK WEAPONS

In 2003, at the 2nd European Symposium on Non-Lethal Weapons, Anatoly Korolev and his colleagues from Moscow State University presented a paper with the snappy title "Bioelectrodynamic Criterion of the NLW Effectiveness Estimation and the Interaction mechanisms of the multilayer Skin Tissues with electromagnetic Radiation." This is a study of how radio-frequency weapons — like the American Active Denial System — affect the skin. After wading through a mass of technical data showing how complex the interactions are we reach the punch line:

The sensations modality (pricking, touch, pressure, gooseflesh, touch, burning pain etc) depends on the field parameters and individual concrete human being factors. As a matter of fact, we can really choose the non-lethal bioeffect.

The effects include sensations similar to those discussed previously, and more besides. The paper discusses effects on cell membranes and affecting the body’s normal function, including "information transfer to the organs of control."

At the same conference, V Makukhin of the Trymas Engineering Center in Moscow described "Electronic equipment for complex influence on biological objects." And when he says "biological objects," he means you and me.

His laboratory apparatus uses a modulated beam of radio waves to produce what he terms "disorder of autonomic nervous system," put forward as a possible non-lethal weapon. Makhunin notes that there is no general agreement on how EM waves disrupt nerves – he mentions ion channels similar to those in the plasma paper – but he certainly seems to be seeing the same effects as American researchers.

But it need not be a non-lethal weapon. Makhunin also mentions the effects of "change of electrocardiogram" and what he calls "function break of heart muscle."

The vulnerability of the heart to electrical stimulation (including that produced by EM waves) is well documented.

A lethal device would interfere with the electrical potentials that keep the chambers of the heart synchronized, producing fibrillation and rapid death. A death ray doesn’t need to be a truck-sized laser that

reduces the target to smoking heap; a small device that stops the heart will do the job.

Little has been openly published in this area in the public domain, but this may be the tip of the iceberg. We are likely to be hearing more in future – especially if the Russians manage to find funding.

I don’t think we need tinfoil hats just yet. But a layer of conducting mesh built into body armor might save a lot of heartache in years to come."

REMOTE CONTROL HEART ATTACK WEAPONS

https://impactlab.com/2006/02/15/remote-control-heart-attack-weapons/

JUSTIA Patents

United States Patent 3,951,134A

Apparatus and method for remotely monitoring and altering brain waves

Aug 5, 1974

Apparatus for and method of sensing brain waves at a position remote from a subject whereby electromagnetic signals of different frequencies are simultaneously transmitted to the brain of the subject in which the signals interfere with one another to yield a waveform which is modulated by the subject's brain waves. The interference waveform which is representative of the brain wave activity is re-transmitted by the brain to a receiver where it is demodulated and amplified. The demodulated waveform is then displayed for visual viewing and routed to a computer for further processing and analysis. The demodulated waveform also can be used to produce a compensating signal which is transmitted back to the brain to effect a desired change in electrical activity therein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Medical science has found brain waves to be a useful barometer of organic functions. Measurements of electrical activity in the brain have been instrumental in detecting physical and psychic disorder, measuring stress, determining sleep patterns, and monitoring body metabolism.

The present art for measurement of brain waves employs electroencephalographs including probes with sensors which are attached to the skull of the subject under study at points proximate to the regions of the brain being monitored. Electrical contact between the sensors and apparatus employed to process the detected brain waves is maintained by a plurality of wires extending from the sensors to the apparatus. The necessity for physically attaching the measuring apparatus to the subject imposes several limitations on the measurement process. The subject may experience discomfort, particulary if the measurements are to be made over extended periods of time. His bodily movements are restricted and he is generally confined to the immediate vicinity of the measuring apparatus. Furthermore, measurements cannot be made while the subject is conscious without his awareness. The comprehensiveness of the measurements is also limited since the finite number of probes employed to monitor local regions of brain wave activity do not permit observation of the total brain wave profile in a single test.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to apparatus and a method for monitoring brain waves wherein all components of the apparatus employed are remote from the test subject. More specifically, high frequency transmitters are operated to radiate electromagnetic energy of different frequencies through antennas which are capable of scanning the entire brain of the test subject or any desired region thereof. The signals of different frequencies penetrate the skull of the subject and impinge upon the brain where they mix to yield an interference wave modulated by radiations from the brain's natural electrical activity. The modulated interference wave is re-transmitted by the brain and received by an antenna at a remote station where it is demodulated, and processed to provide a profile of the suject's brain waves. In addition to passively monitoring his brain waves, the subject's neurological processes may be affected by transmitting to his brain, through a transmitter, compensating signals. The latter signals can be derived from the received and processed brain waves.

https://patents.justia.com/patent/3951134

JUSTIA Lawyers

Contact John Paul Schlegelmilch

(775) 463-3371

Yerington, NV

Business Law, Criminal Law, DUI & DWI...

https://lawyers.justia.com/lawyer/john-paul-schlegelmilch-758001/contact

JOHN P. SCHLEGELMILCH DISTRICT JUDGE

September 9, 2016

William F. Dunn 2031 Lonnie Lane Dayton, NV 89403

STATE OF NEVADA

THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT

DEPARTMENT I

LYON COUNTY STATE OF NEVADA

911 HARVEY WAY

SECOND FLOOR YERINGTON, NEVADA 89447

(775) 463-6571

FAX (775) 463-6575

Dear Mr. Dunn:

On behalf of the Court, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation for your service as a juror in State of Nevada v. Ryan Joe Coddington. Your conscientious consideration of the challenging and sensitive issues presented to you in this case proves that our Constitutional system of trial by our peers works to ensure fair and unbiased decisions are handed out of our courts.

Abraham Lincoln once said that "A jury is the common sense of a common people." The only way we have justice is through the judicial system in the United States. Justice really means fairness. It means that if you're charged with a crime, you can appear in front of a jury of your peers who will judge the facts fairly as a citizen of this State. A jury of your peers means a mix of people from all walks of life using their common sense to do justice. It is one of the most important civic responsibilities of being a United States Citizen.

I appreciate the fact that you responded to your summons as a juror willing to do your job. Our judicial system only works because citizens like you are interested, concerned and willing to make whatever arrangements are necessary in their personal lives to be able to perform this invaluable service. Your presence on the jury was a great asset in this case.

Once again, I would like to thank you on behalf of the Court and the people of Lyon County for your willingness to serve as a juror and to give so freely of your time and abilities. I admire you for your commitment to this case.

With great respect,

Honorable John P. Schlegelmilch District Court Judge

AI Overview

Cases involving blackmailed judges involve extortion attempts, often stemming from personal scandals, illegal employment, or corruption allegations.

Al Jazeera

What Is Jury Tampering and How Is It Prosecuted?

Explore the intricacies of jury tampering, its legal implications, and the prosecution process, including potential penalties and when to seek legal advice.

LegalClarity Team

Published Jan 30, 2026

https://legalclarity.org/what-is-jury-tampering-and-how-is-it-prosecuted/

Kipland Kinkel Mass School Shooter Hour of the Time Bill Cooper January 31 2000 part 1

Billy Dunn

May 11, 2026

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwljV3XXCaE

People v. Sirhan

Annotate this Case

[Crim. No. 14026. Supreme Court of California. June 16, 1972.]

THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. SIRHAN BISHARA SIRHAN, Defendant and Appellant

In Bank. (Opinion by Burke, J., with Wright, C. J., Peters, Tobriner, Mosk and Sullivan, JJ., concurring. Separate concurring and dissenting opinion by McComb, J.)

COUNSEL

George E. Shibley, Luke McKissack, Abdeen Jabara, Grant Cooper, Russell Parsons, Robert E. Mundy, Martha Goldin, Godfrey Isaac and Ernest L. Graves for Defendant and Appellant.

Evelle J. Younger, Attorney General, William E. James, Assistant Attorney General, and Ronald M. George, Deputy Attorney General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

OPINION

BURKE, J.

Defendant further testified regarding his background as follows: He is a Palestinian Arab. He was born in 1944 in New Jerusalem, and in 1948 he and his family moved to Old Jerusalem where they remained until coming to the United States in 1956. Throughout his eight years in Old Jerusalem there were intermittent bombings. He attended school there. His family lived under poor conditions in Old Jerusalem [e.g., the whole family resided in one room with grossly inadequate toilet facilities]. He was told they were living as they were because "The Jews kicked us out of our home." He was also told of a massacre in which 250 people including children were slaughtered in cold blood by the Jews. While living in Old Jerusalem he went to a well for some water, and when the bucket came up it contained a hand and it sickened him. On one occasion he saw the exploded remains of a grocer he knew. In 1956 he heard about aggression by Israel against the Arabs in the Suez Canal. About a year after they came to the United States his father returned to Jordan. In 1963 defendant graduated from high school and subsequently attended college but was dismissed in 1965 after missing classes. He thereafter worked with horses but left his job in 1966 and did not find another job for a year. He read everything available on the Arab-Israel conflict and on the occult, in which he became interested in 1965. He joined the Rosicrucian Order in 1965. He performed several experiments such as concentrating on a mirror and seeing the face of Robert Kennedy instead of his own.

https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/3d/7/710.html

“Rosa Jesuitica, oder Jesuitische Rottgesellen, das ist, Eine Frag ob die Zween Orden, der ganandten Ritter von der Neerscharen Jesu, und der Rosen-Creuzer ein einiger Ordensen: per J. P. D. a S. Jesuitarum Protectorum. Prague, 1620.” (4to). This is a truly curious tract upon the “relations of the Jesuits and the Rosicrucians."

Rosa jesuitica, oder, Jesuitische Rottgesellen (1620) - Google Drive

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dT28PyPUPfqDfC0iVg7nGFsle8vYBXLf/view

JESUIT AND ROSICRUCIAN TRAINING

GA 131

This lecture is in the collected edition of Rudolf Steiner's works; the volume containing the German texts is entitled, Von Jesus Zu Christus, From Jesus to Christ (Vol. 131 in the Bibliographic Survey, 1961). It is the first lecture in this series of ten lectures.

5 October 1911, Karlsruhe

Translator Unknown

The object of these lectures is to place before you an idea of the Christ Event in so far as it is connected with the historical appearance of the Christ in the person of Jesus of Nazareth. So many questions of the spiritual life are bound up with this subject that the choice of it will enable us to make a wide survey of the realm of Spiritual Science and its mission, and to discuss the significance of the Anthroposophical Movement for the spiritual life of the present time. We shall also have the opportunity of learning what the content of religion is. And since this content must spring from the common heritage of mankind, we shall seek to know it in its relation to the deeper sources of religious life, and to what the sources of occult science have to tell us concerning the foundation of all religious and philosophic endeavors. Much that we shall have to discuss will seem to lie very far from the theme itself, but it will all lead us back to our main purpose.

We shall best come to a more precise understanding of our subject — modern religious life on the one hand and the spiritual-scientific deepening of spiritual life on the other — if we glance at the origins both of religious life on the one hand and of occult spiritual life in recent centuries, for as regards spiritual development in Europe during this period, we can discern two directions of thought which have been cultivated with the utmost intensity: on the one hand an exaggeration of the Jesus-Principle, and on the other a most careful, conscientious preservation of the Christ-Principle. When we place before our minds these two recent streams, we must see in the exaggeration of the Jesus-Principle a great and dangerous error in the spiritual life of those times, and on the other side a movement of deep significance, a movement which seeks above all the true paths and is careful to avoid the paths of error. From the outset, therefore, in our judgment of two entirely different spiritual movements, we have to ascribe serious error to one of them and most earnest efforts after truth to the other.

The movement which interests us in connection with out spiritual-scientific point of view, and which we may call an extraordinarily dangerous error in a certain sense, is the movement known in the external world as Jesuitism. In Jesuitism we encounter a dangerous exaggeration of the Jesus-Principle. In the other movement, which for centuries has existed in Europe as Rosicrucianism, we have an inward Christ-movement which above all seeks carefully for the ways of truth.

Ever since a Jesuitical current arose in Europe, much has been said and written in exoteric life about Jesuitism. Those who wish to study spiritual life from its deeper sources will thus be concerned to see how far Jesuitism signifies a dangerous exaggeration of the Jesus-Principle. If we wish to arrive at a true characterisation of Jesuitism, we must get to know how the three chief principles of world-evolution, which are indicated in the most varied ways in the different world-outlooks, find practical statement in human life, including exoteric life. Today we will first of all turn quite away from the deeper significance and characterisation of these 3 fundamental streams, which run through all life and all evolution, and will review them from an external point of view.

First of all we have the cognitional element in our soul-life. Now, whatever may be said against the abstractions of a one-sided intellectual search for truth, or against the alienation from life of many scientific, philosophical and theosophical endeavors, anyone who is clear in his own mind as to what he wills and what he can will, knows that Cognition belongs to the most deeply rooted activities of the soul. For whether we seek knowledge chiefly through thinking, or more through sensation or feeling, Cognition always signifies a taking account of the world around us, and also of ourselves. Hence we must say that whether we are satisfied for the moment with the simplest experiences of the soul, or whether we wish to devote ourselves to the most complicated analysis of the mysteries of existence, Cognition is the primary and most significant question. For it is basically through Cognition that we form a picture of the content of the world — a picture we live by and from which our entire soul-life is nourished. The very first sense-impression, in fact all sense-life, must be included in the realm of Cognition, along with the highest formulations of the intellect.

Under Cognition we must include also the impulse to distinguish between the beautiful and the ugly, for although it is true in a certain sense that there is no disputing about taste, yet cognition is involved when someone has adopted a certain judgment in a question of taste and can distinguish between the beautiful and the ugly. Again, our moral impulses — those which prompt us to do good and abstain from evil — must be seen as moral ideas, as cognition, or as impulses to do the one and avoid the other. Even what we call our conscience, however vague the impulses from it may be, comes under the heading of Cognition. In short, the world we are consciously aware of, whether it be reality or maya; the world we live in consciously, everything we are conscious of — all this can be embraced under the heading: cognitive spiritual life.

Everyone, however, must acknowledge that under the surface of this cognitive life something else can be discerned; that in our everyday existence our soul-life gives evidence of many things which are not part of our conscious life. When we wake up in the morning, our soul-life if always strengthened and refreshed and newly born from sleep. During the unconsciousness of sleep we have gained something which is outside the realm of conscious cognition, but comes from a region where our soul is active below the level of consciousness.

https://rsarchive.org/Lectures/19111005p01.html

-XI-

FRANCIS' TRAINING - ANOTHER FACTOR

IN HIS "JESUIT DNA"

OMING NOW TO THE TRAINING AND THE admission of a Jesuit novitiate or novice to "probation" in the Order. This is what the Jesuit Robert Blair Kaiser says about the intensity of the Jesuit training:

Jesuit history and the Jesuit tradition tell us that all Jesuits, no matter how different they may be in their various ministries and their varied talents, HAVE THE SAME DNA. They were not born with it. They acquired it during the longest, most intense training period ever devised for men anywhere, EVEN BY THE U.S. NAVY SEALS. It takes seven years after high school to become a diocesan priest. It takes a Jesuit seventeen (and sometimes more). They follow a course that begins and ends with a thirty-day-long retreat according to a work of genius (written by the orders' founder) called the Spiritual Exercises.

992

And

Reader, I submit that Francis' Jesuit training has framed his Jesuit DNA,' and further, that he is unable to act contrary to it! Never forget: the Jesuits have one objective in education, "to acquire the highest offices of state for the men they have poisoned with their maxims. as John Addington Symonds reminds us, "From the Jesuit colleges there never issued a son [truly] obedient to his father, devoted to his country, loyal to his prince [ruler]." If you doubt these latter assertions then consider that in 2014, the American Jesuits were pushing members of Congress who were educated at Jesuit schools and Universities to pass laws to aid thousands of refugee children who had surged a

"ordinary-but-imaginative Catholics..."

across

1 https://omgjournal.org/?page_id=295. OMG describes itself as 2 Jean Lacouture, Jesuits: A Multibiography (Washington D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995, originally in French, 1991), p. 340. Note: Jean Lacouture is himself an ancien élève of the Jesuits-i.e. a former pupil. 3 Op. cit., John Addington Symonds, Renaissance In Italy, The Catholic

Reaction, Author's Edn. Vol. 1, p. 237

140

Francis' Training - Another Factor In His "Jesuit DNA"

the US border in Texas, calling proposals to swiftly deport them "inhumane and an insult to American values."

"I ask you, as a leader, a parent, and a Catholic, to uphold an American tradition of which we are all proud," Fr. Thomas H. Smolich, head of the U.S. Jesuit conference, wrote to fomer House Speaker and Roman Catholic John Bochner, and 42 other House members who graduated from Jesuit high schools, colleges and universities. Reader, do you not see how audacious these Jesuits are!

The Jesuits also exert power and influence on their former student alumni through the honour society Alpha Sigma Nu, which society proudly boast that it "continues the Jesuit tradition of scholarship, LOYALTY and service beyond the college years." Loyalty to whom? Their former Jesuit schools and colleges, and Jesuit professors.

Earlier we read from the article in the Daily Beast of the interview by Abby Haglage of Jesuit Father James Martin. Here is a portion of that interview that I deliberately omitted:"

[...]

Weren't the Jesuits kicked out of the Catholic Church at one point?

Well, we were, as it's called, "suppressed," in 1773 by the pope.

Which makes this decision a bit ironic. Am I right?

[LAUGHS] It's extremely ironic! [...]

How much you do you think Pope Francis' Jesuit background will influence his tenure?

His Jesuit background and HIS JESUIT SPIRITUALITY HAVE TO BE ENORMOUSLY INFLUENTIAL. He was in the Jesuits for most of his adult life. He was also, people forget, the Jesuit Provincial of Argentina, meaning he was the Jesuit Regional Superior. So he is someone that not only went through THE LONG AND DEMANDING JESUIT TRAINING PROCESS, but who was selected by the Jesuit Superior General to run that area, so he had the responsibility for assigning Jesuits to their different ministries....

4 David Gibson, "Jesuits tell their alumni in Congress: Protect border children," Religion News Service, Aug. 4, 2014: www.ncronline.org/blogs/immigration-and-church/jesuits-tell-their-

alumni-congress-protect-border-children

www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/14/a-prominent-jesuit-

talks-about-the-order-s-first-pope.html

141

POPE FRANCIS, LORD OF THE WORLD... SURPRISING REVELATIONS. What is the purpose of this "long and demanding Jesuit training Secretary of the US Navy, R. W. Thompson, "When Shakespeare process" mentioned by Jesuit Father James Martin? Writes former conceived the idea of a 'mindless slave,' he must have had before his mind the portrait of a Jesuit, after he had been disciplined and personal sense of truth or right or justice, having made their abnegation fashioned under the masterhand of Loyola, who left his followers no so thorough that, even with the knowledge of right and wrong, truth and

falsehood,

they were

trained to incline

to either as commanded by their superiors.

indifferently

Thompson tells us that "Before an applicant could be admitted to probation, HIS WHOLE LIFE AND CHARACTER were closely scrutinized by the general, if it were in his power to do so; BUT IF NOT, BY PERSONS SELECTED AS SPIES, WHO WERE "TO LIVE WITH HIM AND EXAMINE HIM," so as to be able to penetrate his most secret thoughts.

G. B. Nicolini, the great Italian Catholic historian gives more detail about the novices and all those who are admitted and promoted in the Jesuit Order. At pages 46-55, he writes:

I. THE NOVICES.

We have already seen the process a candidate must go through before being admitted into the House of First Probation. After undergoing a still more searching scrutiny there, he passes to the House of Noviciate. The noviciate lasts two years, and may be shortened or prolonged at the General's pleasure. There are six principal exercises by which the Novice is tried; they are as follows:- "1. The Novices are to devote a month to the spiritual exercises, self-examination, confession of sins, and meditation, and to a contemplation of the life, death, resurrection, and ascension of Christ. "2. THEY ARE TO SERVE FOR ANOTHER MONTH SICK, in proof of increasing humility and entire renunciation of the IN ONE OR MORE OF THE HOSPITALS, BY MINISTERING TO THE

pomps [sic] and vanities of the world.

hospital for another

"3. They must wander during a third month without money, begging from door to door, that they may be accustomed to inconvenience in month, at the discretion of the Superior. See A Vincenzo Gioberti Fra

eating and sleeping, or else they may serve in a

6 Constitutions Part I, chap. I; Nicolini: History of

the Jesuits, op. cit., p. 32.

142

Francis' Training - Another Factor In His "Jesuit DNA"

Pellico della Compagnia di Gesù, pp. 35.36. * Examen, iv. § 10-15. + Examen, iv. § 17.

"4. They must submit to be employed in the most servile offices of the house into which they have entered, for the sake of shewing a good

example in all things.

"5. They are to give instruction in Christian learning to boys, or to their untaught elders, either publicly, privately, or as occasion may be

offered.

"6. When sufficient proof has been given of improvement in probation, the Novice may proceed to preach, to hear confessions, or to any exercise in which circumstances may direct him to engage.

"While a Jesuit is thus fulfilling the several trials of his fitness, he may not presume to say that he is one of the Society. He must only describe himself as wishing to be admitted into it; indifferent to the station which may be assigned to him, and waiting in patient expectation until it be determined how his services may be most advantageously employed.". At the expiry of the biennium, if he has gone through all his trials satisfactorily, he takes the vows, of which the following is the formula:-

"Almighty, everlasting God, I, N., albeit every way most unworthy in Thy holy sight, yet relying on Thine infinite pity and compassion, and impelled by the desire of serving Thee, in the presence of the most holy Virgin Mary, and before all Thine heavenly host, vow to Thy divine Majesty perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience in the Society of Jesus, and promise that I will enter the same Society, to live in it perpetually, understanding all things according to the Constitutions of the Society. Of Thy boundless goodness and mercy, through the blood of Jesus Christ, I humbly pray that Thou wilt deign to accept this sacrifice in the odour of sweetness, and, as Thou hast granted Thine abundant grace to desire and offer, so Thou wilt enable me to fulfil the same. At Rome, or elsewhere, in such a place, day, month, and year."

"Then shall they take, as the others, the most holy body of Christ, and the rest of the ceremony shall proceed as before."

After the Novice has taken the vows, he must remain in an undeterminate state until the General has decided in what capacity he can best serve the Society. To this he must be wholly indifferent, and on no account endeavour to obtain, either directly or indirectly, any particular employment, but must await in silence the General's decision.

Those are the written precepts; but the sly and abominable acts to which the Jesuits resort in order to model the man to the standard of the Society, are numerous, and differ according to circumstances and to the

143

POPE FRANCIS, LORD OF THE WORLD... SURPRISING REVELATIONS character of the Novice. But, in all cases, before the biennium is sic clapsed, either the man is dismissed, or he has lost all ideas, all hopes, all desires of a personal nature; he is a man without will, submitting blindly to obey any order, and devoting soul and body to the aggrandizement of the

Society.

rector of the Jesuit Order, who is to be recognised by him as holding "the place of Christ our Lord," and from whom nothing should be concealed-"not opposing, not contradicting, nor showing an opinion in any case opposed to his opinion.

Upon admission, the Jesuit probationer is required to confess to a

997

"When the probationer, or novice Jesuit was found by these tests qualified for membership-that is, when it was ascertained that he had no will of his own, but was fitted by nature and inclination for a state of complete bondage-he was required to recognize the general of the society as occupying the place of God, and as possessing absolute authority over him, with the right to exact absolute obedience from him. He was reduced to the condition of a mere inanimate machine, with no discretionary power whatsoever over his own emotions, opinions, or actions. This obligation is thus expressed in the constitution: "He must regard the superior as Christ the Lord, and must strive to acquire perfect resignation and denial of his own will and judgment, in all things conforming his will and judgment to that which the superior wills and judges.

Pope Francis Lord of the World

by P.D. Stuart

AI Overview

Robert Blair Kaiser was a journalist who investigated the 1968 assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy, spending over 200 hours interviewing convicted gunman Sirhan Sirhan. His research resulted in the 1970 book R.F.K. Must Die!, where he explored conspiracy theories and probed the FBI's investigation into the crime.

Amazon.com

Key details regarding Robert Blair Kaiser's work on the Sirhan case:

Amazon.com

Deep Investigation: Kaiser worked his way into the investigation, spending over 200 hours in direct conversation with Sirhan to understand the motives behind the murder.

Book Revision: Forty years after the assassination, Kaiser updated his initial work in R.F.K. Must Die!: Chasing the Mystery of the Robert Kennedy Assassination (2008), which addressed and largely dismissed conspiracy theories.

Focus on the Assassin: The book offers an in-depth look at Sirhan Sirhan's background, his mindset, and the immediate aftermath of the shooting at the Ambassador Hotel.

Amazon.com

Sirhan Sirhan remains incarcerated for the murder of Robert F. Kennedy, having been denied parole in 2022.

Robert Blair Kaiser (January 11, 1931 – April 2, 2015) was an American author and journalist, best known for his writing on the Catholic Church.[1]

Biography

Kaiser trained as a Jesuit from 1949 to 1959. He left the order and his intention to be ordained to the priesthood, to become a journalist and to marry.[2][3]

As a correspondent for Time Magazine, he won the Overseas Press Club's Ed Cunningham Award in 1962 for the "best magazine reporting from abroad" for his reporting on the Second Vatican Council.[4]

From 1981 until 1983, Kaiser was the Chairman of the University of Nevada's Journalism Department in Reno. Rapid growth of the department, prior to becoming an independent school from the College of Arts and Science, happened under Kaiser's tenure.

Four of his sixteen published books[3] deal with Catholic Church reform. His books include A Church in Search of Itself: Benedict XVI and the Battle for the Future and Cardinal Mahony: A Novel. A new version of his 1970 best seller, R.F.K. Must Die! was published in 2008, with a new sub-title, Chasing the Mystery of the Robert Kennedy Assassination.

In a speech in Ireland on August 19, 2010, at the Humbert Summer School, entitled "Catholic Church Reform: No More Thrones", Kaiser called for Irish Catholics to boldly initiate an ecclesiastical revolution through which they would remove secretive hierarchy, take back their cathedrals, and elect their own bishops.[5] He was co-founder of takebackourchurch.org, a web community of American Catholics seeking "ownership and citizenship in the people's church envisioned at Vatican II", Catholic Church Reform International and on the Board of Directors of Catholic Church Reform International.[6][3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Blair_Kaiser

VIIITHE BOOK OF "SPIRITUAL EXERCISES"-A COURSE IN OCCULTICISM

"Ignatius writes the Spiritual Exercises in the cave at Manresa." Painting by Carlos Saenz de Tejada, 1897-1958.

THE

SPIRITUAL EXERCISES,

COURSE IN

mysticism, accounts, in a large part, for the secret of Jesuit successes, as well as Pope Francis' character. These exercises were intended to bring 'spiritual illumination'-by means of systematic meditation, invocation, contemplation, visualisation and trancing. Indeed, a well-trained Jesuit is really a 'wizard' in clerical robes. Consider, for example, the Jesuit Ignatius Falzon (1813-1865) who would "levitate on frequent occasions," during "daily Mass... and other devotions, including the Way of the Cross and the rosary," on account of his practice of the Spiritual Exercises.

The act of imaging (visualisation) in Loyola's Spiritual Exercises is intended to effect a mental transformation-A KIND OF SUBTLE CONDITIONING, OR REPROGRAMMING OF THE MIND.-a common feature of ritual magic exercises. During this 30-day initiation rite of the Spiritual Exercises, the Jesuit is told what to think, how to feel, when to groan, how to sigh, and what to imagine. In other words, he is programmed from the very first day of his entry into the Order!

Loyola, like the prophet Mohammed, was a mystagogue and a trance

medium!

Paul Burns, Butler's Lives of the Saints (Collegeville, MN:

Liturgical Press, 2005), p. 163. The claim that Ignatius Falzon levitated is no fabrication. The book cited is published by a Catholic press.

105

POPE FRANCIS, LORD OF THE WORLD... SURPRISING REVELATIONS.

by live

himself into the scene and participate in it." Thus, by means of mental superior] in his imagination, noting all of the details, and then to insert control and rapture, caused by occult visualisation, the Jesuit is supposed to be transformed into a new creature. Note, it is not by the transforming grace, or power of the Gospel of Christ, but my mental gymnastics and will manipulation that Loyola's meditations seeks to achieve transcendence-the mystic path of inner union with a Higher

Self-

In fact, Ignatius was jailed by the Spanish authorities for his involvement with a sect called the Alumbrados, or Spanish Illuminati: "Ignatius was suspected of being a member of the Illuminati and was thrown into prison by the Inquisition. Upon his release he made his to Salamanca [1527], the great university, but being [again] suspected of Illuminism... [was] again thrown into prison.

994

way

The historian Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo tells us that the Alumbrados was a mystical movement, which was at one time led by La Beata de Piedrahita, who came under the notice of the Inquisition in 1511, for claiming TO HOLD CONVERSATIONS WITH JESUS AND THE VIRGIN MARY, which is exactly what Ignatius claimed he did when he received the formula for "the Spiritual Exercises" in the cave.

Like the Alumbrados, Ignatius also claimed to have received secret knowledge from a higher source, resulting in superior human intelligence. The Alumbrados believed that the human soul could enter into direct communication with the Holy Spirit and, due to this they could have visions and revelations. These mystical qualities would later become major features in Ignatian spirituality and his "Spiritual

Exercises".

Indeed, in keeping with the purest tradition of the Alumbrados, Ignatius claimed to have seen, in the same cave, lights flashing, Jesus, and Mary as well as Satan; the latter in the form of a spiral of light

3 Joseph de Guibert, S.J., The Jesuits: Their Spiritual Doctrine and Practice (St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 1972), pp. 154-55. +Lady Queenborough (Edith Starr Miller), Occult Theocracy (International League for Historical Research/ Oregon: Emissary Publications, 1933), pp. 307, 308. This fact is well documented. 5 The first record of the Alumbrado cult was around 1492 in Spain (a variant spelling, aluminados, appeared later in 1498).

6 M. Menéndez y Pelayo, Los Heterodoxos Españoles, 1881, Vol. V.

106

The Book Of "Spiritual Exercises"-A Course In Occulticism

around him. His most bizarre claim was to have chased Satan around the cave, like a dog, with a stick. It was from these demented, distracted, "insane" experiences that Loyola developed his "Spiritual Exercises, which he wrote down in a book by the same name.

Pope Francis Lord of the World

by P.D. Stuart

The Power of Trump’s Positive Thinking

The president always has believed he could will himself to success. But has he crossed the line between optimism and delusion?

By MICHAEL KRUSE October 13, 2017

The Friday Cover for Jan. 10, 2020

Michael Kruse is a senior staff writer for Politico.

Donald Trump is a self-help apostle. He always has tried to create his own reality by saying what he wants to be true. Where many see failure, Trump sees only success, and expresses it out loud, again and again.

“We have the votes” to pass a new health care bill, he said last month even though he and Republicans didn’t then and still don’t.

“We get an A-plus,” he said last week of his and his administration’s response to the devastating recent hurricanes as others doled out withering reviews.

“I’ve had just about the most legislation passed of any president, in a nine-month period, that’s ever served,” he said this week in an interview with Forbes, contradicting objective metrics and repeating his frequent and dubious assertion of unprecedented success throughout the first year of his first term as president.

The reality is that Trump is in a rut. His legislative agenda is floundering. His approval ratings are historically low. He’s raging privately while engaging in noisy, internecine squabbles. He’s increasingly isolated. And yet his fact-flouting declarations of positivity continue unabated. For Trump, though, these statements are not issues of right or wrong or true or false. They are something much more elemental. They are a direct result of the closest thing the stubborn, ideologically malleable celebrity businessman turned most powerful person on the planet has ever had to a devout religious faith. This is not his mother’s flinty Scottish Presbyterianism but Norman Vincent Peale’s “power of positive thinking,” the utterly American belief in self above all else and the conviction that thoughts can be causative, that basic assertion can lead to actual achievement.

Trump and his father were Peale acolytes—the minister officiated at at the first of Donald Trump's weddings—and Peale’s overarching philosophy has been a lodestar for Trump over the course of his decades of triumphs as well as the crises and chaos. “Stamp indelibly on your mind a mental picture of yourself as succeeding,” Peale urged his millions of followers. “Hold this picture tenaciously. Never permit it to fade.” It was a mindset perfectly tailored for an ambitious builder determined to change the skyline of one of the globe’s great cities. Trump, who used this self-confidence to blow right past a series of seemingly fatal gaffes and controversies to win an election last fall that polls said he couldn’t and wouldn’t, in this respect has been a prize Peale pupil—arguably the most successful Peale disciple ever.

https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/10/13/donald-trump-positive-thinking-215704/

Apparatus and method for remotely monitoring and altering brain waves

Aug 5, 1974

Apparatus and method for remotely monitoring and altering brain waves

Aug 5, 1974

Skip to: Description · Claims · References Cited · Patent History · Patent History

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

https://patents.justia.com/patent/3951134

[666] 6. 1On the side of the superior general, what will aid toward this union of hearts are the qualities of his person [G], to be treated in Part IX [723-25], with which he will perform his office, 2which is to be for all the members a head from which the influence required for the end sought by the Society ought to descend to them all. 3It is thus from the general as head that all authority of the provincials should flow, from the provincials that of the local superiors, and from the local superiors that of the individual members. 4And from this same head, or at least by his commission and approval, should likewise come the appointing of missions. And the same should apply to communicating the graces of the Society. 5For the more the subjects are dependent upon their superiors, the better will the love, obedience, and union among them be preserved." page 333

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES SAINT LOUIS, 1996

https://web.archive.org/web/20200211182223/https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

Revelation 13:18

New International Version

18 This calls for wisdom. Let the person who has insight calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man.[a] That number is 666.

Read full chapter

Footnotes

Revelation 13:18 Or is humanity’s number"

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013

Ultramontanism was a school of thought of the Catholic Church which promoted supreme papal authority in matters of spirituality and governance. Ultramontanism rejected modern ideals in favour of the supremacy of Catholicism and the Catholic Church in public life. This school of thought was particularly influent in the French-Canadian society during the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ultramontanism

Shayla Holmes C Overview

Shayla Holmes C in 2017 was employed at County of Lyon and had an annual salary of $69,463, according to public records. This salary was 14 percent higher than the average and 15 percent higher than the median salary in County of Lyon.

In year 2017 Shayla Holmes's salary was 868 percent higher than average Program Supervisor salary in the state of Nevada.

Shayla Holmes C | GovSalaries

The Garage Door Center

(775) 423-1223

Get Directions

1919 GRIMES St Ste C Fallon, NV 89406

https://yelp.com/biz/the-garage-door-center-fallon

AI Overview

A Nevada Class C license is the standard license for driving passenger cars, vans, pickups, and mopeds with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of 26,000 lbs or less. It permits towing vehicles under 10,000 lbs, with a total combination length not exceeding 70 feet. The written test has 25 questions, requiring an 80% passing score.

Date: 01/29/2026 14145150.0 MIJR5925

Docket Sheat

Judge: VECCHIARELLI, CAMILLE

STATE OF NEVADA VS

DUNN TV, WILLIAM FRANCIS

DENDT

2031 LONNIE LANE

DAYTON, NV 89403

Dob: XXXXXXXXXX

Liet

Sext Sid:

Plate!!

Make:

Year:

Accident: No

Type:

Venue:

Location: LY

LYON COUNTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY

CPLNT

PTY CPLNT

RYE, STEPHEN B.

Charges:

Ct.1

200.591.5B

VIOLATE EXTENDED PROTECTION ORDER AGAINST STALKING OR HARASSMENT Cvrt

Offense Dt: 08/03/2025 Arrest Dt: 08/05/2025 Comments:

Case $15.

CTMI Ticket Bar,

25 d 00276 16 CR291198D

BY: BROCK, KALE Mackenzie P.O. BOX 222

WINNEMUCCA, NV 89146

Bond: Турец

Dets Posted:

Page: 1

TRANSFERRED BEFORE/DURING TRIAL - CR/18

Sentencing:

No. Filed

Action LU 4 M ELIM

Operator

Fine/Cost

08/05/25

DEFENDANT ARRESTED ON AN ALLEGED VIOLATION OF NRS 200.591 VIOLATION OF EXTENDED PROTECTION ORDER, A FELONY

KWHITAKER

0.00

0.04

08/06/25

BAIL HEARING SCHEDULED

KWHITAKER

0.00

Event: BAIL HEARING

Date: 08/07/2025 Time: 12:00 pm

Judge: VECCHIARELLI, CAMILLE

Location: DAYTON

JUSTICE COURT

Result: ARRAIGNMENT HEARING HELD

08/06/25

PROBABLE CAUSE FOUND BY JUDGE CAMILLE VECCHIARELLI AT 10:06 AM

KWHITAKER

0.00

08/06/25

NEVADA PRETRIAL RISK ASSESSMENT RECEIVED

KWHITAKER

0.00

08/06/25

CRIMINAL COMPLAINT FILED BY THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE

KWHITAKER

0.00

08/07/25

ARRAIGNMENT/BAIL HEARING DEFENDANT APPEARED IN-CUSTODY BEFORE JUDGE CAMILLE VECCHIARELLI. DEPUTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY SAMANTHA EDMONDO PRESENT REPRESENTING LYON COUNTY. THE DEFENDANT WAS REPRESENTED BY PUBLIC DEFENDER KALE BROCK. ALL PARTIES PRESENT VIA ZOOM. CHARGES WERE READ AND RIGHTS EXPLAINED. APPLICATION AND AFFIRMATION FOR APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL FILED. THE COURT APPOINTED BROCK LAW, LTD. AS PUBLIC DEFENDER. NOT GUILTY PLEA ENTERED BY COURT,

DINGHAM

C THE PUNISHMENT

LESSON 5

56. What happened to Adam and Eve on account of their sin?

On account of their sin Adam and Eve lost sanctifying

grace, the right to heaven, and their special gifts;

they became subject to death, to suffering, and to a

strong inclination to evil, and they were driven from

the Garden of Paradise.

THE NEW

Saint Joseph

Baltimore

Catechism

https://ia903000.us.archive.org/33/items/TheNewSaintJosephBaltimoreKelleyBennetC.P.6402/The%20New%20Saint%20Joseph%20Baltimore%20-%20Kelley%2C%20Bennet%2C%20C.P._6402.pdf

Strategic Corruption

A Useful Concept or a Catch-All?

by Tena Prelec

Published on: August 29th, 2025

Read time: 6 mins

In recent years, the term ‘strategic corruption’ has gained traction across policy, academic, and advocacy circles. Coined to describe the use of corrupt practices as deliberate instruments of foreign policy, the concept has come into focus particularly since the escalation of geopolitical rivalries following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Yet even as its usage has expanded, its precise meaning remains contested.

An expert workshop supported by the Independent Social Research Foundation (ISRF) and the University of Rijeka brought together scholars and practitioners to probe the concept’s boundaries, practical applications, and analytical utility. The discussions were rich, critical, and ultimately inconclusive—revealing just how much definitional and conceptual work remained to be done.

https://isrf.org/blog/strategic-corruption

AI Overview

GRIMES (Claire Boucher) and Elon Musk had an on-and-off relationship from 2018 to 2022, resulting in three children: X Æ A-Xii, Exa Dark Sideræl, and Techno Mechanicus. Despite splitting, they maintained a "fluid" friendship, though later legal disputes over parental rights and custody surfaced, with Grimes filing a petition in 2023.

Elon Musk was going to harm Grimes and needs to repent from being a deadly faker and Elon is a Papist that has been funneling SpaceX technology to North Korea

(William Francis Dunn aka Rusty Dunn was a juror at Judge John Schlegelmilch's court for a murder trial in 2016 in Yerington Nevada)

Chris Strickland taking Rusty Dunn gun safes 2031 Lonnie Lane Dayton Nevada to Florida March 18 2026

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/cZuCG5Zk0mY

1:05

Susan Jean Lohrey Dunn 775-400-4535

blackmailed by the Vatican's Pope Leo XIV from Chicago Illinois in America.

You have a disable alarm button on Vivint app mother please don't press it to let shady neighbors into house if something happens to me for them to do something

underhanded put things in this house that aren't ours for framing because your name is Susan Jean Lohrey Dunn and you used to sit in Jean Malone's hot tub with Jean Malone at 2030 Lonnie Lane Dayton Nevada before they put their restraining order on me and you told my sister Katie Logan no longer wants to talk to you you mockingly asked me if Bailey dog and I were scared of the recent earthquake I live you need to repent and you did walk inside Julia Byse house at 2030 after they put their restraining order on me you don't need any codes to enable or delete sable Vivint alarm from your iPhone you told me I can't preach from the Bible because I didn't go to Bible school yet you didn't get accredited at any Bible school yet you claim to be a disciple of Christ and covenants that is hypocrisy people that believe in Christ don't threaten to kick their grown children out of the house and you let Chris Strickland take an entire gun safe filled with guns from this house and went to Florida with him

RCS message

1:04 PM

Case No. 25-CR-276 3G

FILED

2025 OCT 15 PM 12:37

JUSTICE OF THE PEACE

IN THE JUSTICE COURT OF DAYTON TOWNSHIP

IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF LYON, STATE OF NEVADA

CLERK

9 THE STATE OF NEVADA,

Plaintiff,

VS.

RECUSAL AND ORDER

WILLIAM FRANCIS DUNN IV

OF APPOINTMENT

Defendant.

Pursuant to the provisions of Nevada Revised Statutes 1.230 and inasmuch as there may be actual or implied bias, the undersigned Judge of Dayton Township Justice Court, County of Lyon, State of Nevada, does hereby recues herself from the above-entitled matter.

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Judge Lori Matheus be, and hereby appointed to preside over the above-entitled matter. The case is hereby transferred to Canal Township Justice Court for further proceedings. The next court date will be held at 595 Silver Lace Blvd, Fernley, Nevada on October 28, 2025 at 8:00 am.

DATED this 15th day of October, 2025.

Camille Vecchiarelli Justice of the Peace

https://www.youtube.com/post/Ugkxy3nUR5uctK2Lox-qyhtpD4d2MJI_nZ4W

Court Reminder - April 13, 2026

Inbox

Info Brock Law

Fri, Apr 10, 9:43 AM (1 day ago)

to me

Brock Law, LTD.

phone: (775)993-9683

email: info@brocklawnevada.com

Mailing Address: P.O. Box 222

Winnemucca, Nevada 89446

5.7 magnitude earthquake hits in Nevada

A magnitude 5.5 earthquake struck Silver Springs, Nevada, early Monday, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. There are no immediate reports of damage.

Credit: Tegna

Author: Staff (ABC10)

Published: 6:39 PM PDT April 13, 2026

Updated: 6:42 PM PDT April 13, 2026

SILVER SPRINGS, Nevada — A preliminary magnitude 5.7 earthquake has struck Silver Springs, Nevada on Monday.

https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/55-magnitude-earthquake-felt-in-sacramento/103-5803e3a3-ece5-4f70-a5ab-b016d9c96547

Kale M. Brock, Esq. was recently named a 2021 PRO BONO Attorney of the Year by Nevada Legal Services

https://seal-plane-t28k.squarespace.com

ELECTRONICALLY FILED

2026 Mar 26 1:14 PM

ANDREA ANDERSEN COURT ADMINISTRATOR THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT 25-CR-1367: Michelle Castillo, Deputy

Case No

25-CR-1367

Dept. No. I

The undersigned hereby affirms this document

does not contain a social security number.

IN THE THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF NEVADA,

IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF LYON

THE STATE OF NEVADA,

Plaintiff,

11 vs.

12 WILLIAM FRANCIS DUNN, IV,

Defendant.

EXPARTE MOTION TO WITHDRAW AS COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT

Comes now, KALE BROCK, ESQ., Lyon County Public Defender, attorney for WILLIAM 15||FRANCIS DUNN, IV., pursuant to Nevada Supreme Court Rule 46 and Nevada Rules of 16 Professional Condict Rule 1.16, hereby moves this Honorable Court for an Order relieving Brock 17||Law and Kale Brock, Esq. as counsel for the Defendant.

This Motion is based upon the attached Memorandum of Points and Authorities. DATED this 26 day of March, 2026.

LYON COUNTY PUBLIC DEFENDER

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

KALE BROCK ESQ. Nevada Bar No. 14838 Attorney for Defendant PO BOX 222

Winnemucca, Nevada 89446 info@brocklawnevada.com

Page 1

MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES

CASE HISTORY

A Criminal Complaint was filed on August 7, 2025, charging the Defendant with Violation

of an Extended Order Against Staking or Harassment, a Category C Felony.

Counsel was appointed to represent the Defendant in the above-mentioned matter. On or about October 15, 2025, the Defendant's matter was transferred from the Dayton Justice Court to

the Canal Justice Court following the entry of the Recusal and Order of Appointment. The

Defendant appeared before the Canal Justice Court on October 28, 2025. The Defendant appeared

before the Canal Justice Court for a Status Hearing on or about December 16, 2025, and the matter 10 was bound over to the District Court for Competency Proceedings.

The Defendant has been seen before the District Court on January 5, 2026, January 26,

12 2026, February 9, 2026, and March 2, 2026. The Defendant has been deemed incompetent and a

13 recommendation for outpatient treatment has been made by providers.

The Nevada Supreme Court Rules state:

The Defendant is scheduled to appear before the Court on March 30,2026.

STANDARD OF LAW

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 25

Rule 46. Withdrawal or change of attorney. The attorney in an action or special proceeding may be changed at any time before judgment or final determination as follows:

1. Upon consent of the attorney, approved by the client.

2. Upon the order of the court or judge thereof on the application of the attorney or the client.

After judgment or final determination, an attorney may withdraw as attorney of record at any time upon the attorney's filing a withdrawal, with or without the client's consent.

The Nevada Rules of Professional Conduct state:

Rule 1.16. Declining or Terminating Representation.

(a) Except as stated in paragraph (c), a lawyer shall not represent a client or, where representation has commenced, shall withdraw from the representation of a client

if:

(1) The representation will result in violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law;

(2) The lawyer's physical or mental condition materially impairs the lawyer's ability to represent the client; or

(3) The lawyer is discharged.

(b) Except as stated in paragraph (c), a lawyer may withdraw from representing a client if:

Page 2

(1) Withdrawal can be accomplished without material adverse effect on the interests of the client;

(2) The client persists in a course of action involving the lawyer's services that the lawyer reasonably believes is criminal or fraudulent;

(3) The client has used the lawyer's services to perpetrate a crime or fraud; (4) A client insists upon taking action that the lawyer considers repugnant or with which the lawyer has fundamental disagreement;

(5) The client fails substantially to fulfill an obligation to the lawyer regarding the lawyer's services and has been given reasonable warning that the lawyer will withdraw unless the obligation is fulfilled;

(6) The representation will result in an unreasonable financial burden on the lawyer or has been rendered unreasonably difficult by the client; or

(7) Other good cause for withdrawal exists.

(c) A lawyer must comply with applicable law requiring notice to or permission of a tribunal when terminating representation. When ordered to do so by a tribunal, a lawyer shall continue representation notwithstanding good cause for terminating the representation.

(d) Upon termination of representation, a lawyer shall take steps to the extent reasonably practicable to protect a client's interests, such as giving reasonable notice to the client, allowing time for employment of other counsel, surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled and refunding any advance payment of fee or expense that has not been earned or incurred. The lawyer may retain papers relating to the client to the extent permitted by other law. (emphasis added)

GROUNDS OF WITHDRAWAL

Under the applicable Rule of Professional Conduct 1.16 (b)(1), this subsection of counsel

Accordingly, Counsel respectfully requests the Court enter an order withdrawing Brock

Law, Ltd., as counsel in this matter.

can be made without undue hardship or prejudice to this Defendant. No plea of guilt has been entered; no trial or evidentiary hearing has been held or scheduled. All appropriate accommodation can be made for a file transfer to a new attorney of record. Further, under 1.16(7) good cause exists to allow for the withdrawal of counsel.

CONCLUSION

2 2 2 2 2 2

BROCK LAW, LTD.

KALE BROCK, ESQ.

Nevada Bar No. 14838 Attorney for Defendant PO BOX 222

Winnemucca, NV 89446 info@brocklawnevada.com

Page 3

CERTIFICATE OF MAILING

1, CRISTAL MCDADE, hereby certify that I am a paralegal to KALE BROCK, ESQ., and

3 that on the day of March, 2026 I placed a true and correct copy of the foregoing or attached

document in the US Postal Service Mailbox and/or provided a copy of the foregoing or attached document by Electronic Mail, entitled Motion to Withdraw as Counsel for Defendant, to:

Dated this

26.

Lyon County District Attorneys Office Via Email to sedmondo@lyon-county.org

William Francis Dunn, IV

2031 Lonnie Lane

Dayton, Nevada 89403

Via USPS Mail

24 day of March, 2026.

Judy Castanede for

CRISTAL MCDADE

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ∞

Page 4

AI Overview

The name "Brock" has dual origins: it's an English/Germanic name meaning "badger" (from Old English broc), often a nickname for someone tenacious, or a variant of "Brook," meaning a small stream, given to those living near water.

Generative AI is experimental.

Trustee Brookings Institution from 1922 on, until at least 1929.

Founding or very early director of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) from at least 1922, together with the Morgan and Rockefeller interests.

The Warburg-Schiff connection to the Bolsheviks also extended from Germany to the United States. When Lenin's Bolshevik ally Leon Trotsky arrived in New York City in January 1917, a certain Arthur Concors, the superintendent and director of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), waited for him on the pier. As Trotsky spoke no English, Concors did the talking for him, promoting him to the New York Times and New York Herald Tribune as a persecuted "peace advocate", who, during these World War I years had been booted out of Czarist Russia, France and Spain for being "a follower of Karl Marx" and for making the case that Russia should withdraw from World War I, which was fighting on the side of Great Britain, France and Italy. Earlier, at the start of the war, Trotsky also had been booted out of the Kaiser's Germany for being a Marxist journalist.

After introducing Trotsky to the media at the pier, Arthur Concors took Trotsky to the "Astor Hotel [on] 42nd Street". 73 residing in New York City, Trotsky preferred to portray himself as a "fighter for the Revolutionary International", this to New York City's newspaper Novy Mir, edited by his close friend, Nikolai Bukharin. To the New Yorker Volkszeitung Trotsky soon afterwards said:

"Honestly, this [expulsion from Europe of mine] isn't surprising in light of the fierce opposition we posed to the 'socialist' and the 'capitalist' war warmongers."

1911, HIAS: 1917 Trotsky mentor Arthur Concors and Jacob Schiff.

Trotsky protector Arthur Concors' position as superintendent and director of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) is interesting, because the biggest financier of HAIS in this period was none other than Jacob Schiff, whom we just discussed. Schiff's son-in-law, Felix Warburg, and his brother Paul Warburg, all worked at Kuhn, Loeb & Co., with their brother Max Warburg advising Kaiser Wilhelm II and helping to bring Lenin into Russia to overthrow the Czars. So that's quite the coincidence. In fact, Jacob Schiff wasn't just a key financier of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS). He sat on the advisory board. An advisory board for 1917 couldn't be found by this author, but one from 1911 showed the following names:

Jacob Schiff: Pilgrims Society with in-laws Paul and Felix Warburg, the Morgans and Andrew Carnegie.

Louis Marshall: Close fried of Jacob Schiff and attorney for Kuhn, Loeb & Co.

Isaac Seligman: Married to Guta Loeb, daughter of banker Solomon Loeb, a co-founder of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. Also at the New York Foundation with Schiff and the Warburgs. Also a member of the Japan Society, where Schiff was a director.

Dr. Morris Loeb: Son of Solomon Loeb. A chemist, who died in 1912.

Cyrus Leo Sulzberger I: From the family that founded the New York Stock Exchange and became publishers of the New York Times. His son was a New York Times journalist internally referred to as a "known asset" by the CIA. Also on the American Jewish Committee with Schiff and Straus and Mayer.

Mayer Sulzberger: Close advisor to Jacob Schiff.

Oscar Straus: First Jewish cabinet member under President Teddy Roosevelt. Close advisor to Jacob Schiff. 74

https://isgp-studies.com/russian-revolution

Biblical Insights, Geographical Parables #6: The Brook Kidron, A Portrait of Hell

7 Votes

The Brook Kidron runs south along the eastern edge of Jerusalem all the way down to the Dead Sea

Introduction

The Brook Kidron is a relatively insignificant geographical feature that runs south between the eastern wall of Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives and begins near the Garden of Gethsemane. While topographically it does not appear to be very significant, it nonetheless has great Biblical significance as this study will show. The Brook Kidron is another example of a Geographical Parable that God provides in the Bible. A Geographical Parable is a real “earthly” physical place, which serves to represent a real “spiritual” place and convey a “spiritual” meaning.

https://bereansearching.com/2024/01/10/biblical-insights-geographical-parables-part-6-the-brook-kidron-a-portrait-of-hell/

Jacob Rothschild, Banker Who Broke From His Fabled Family, Dies at 87

The fourth Baron Rothschild, he left the family banking dynasty to start his own company, becoming a powerful financier, patron of the arts and philanthropist.

Mr. Rothschild retired as head of RIT Capital Partners in 2019. That year, his personal wealth was estimated by the Bloomberg Billionaires Index to be more than $1 billion.

Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild was born in Berkshire, England, on April 29, 1936, to Victor Rothschild, the third Baron Rothschild, and his first wife, Barbara Judith (Hutchinson) Rothschild.

Mr. Rothschild studied history at Oxford before joining the family bank. After he resigned to head RIT, he became involved in a series of ventures, including an unsuccessful bid in 1989 with other investors to take over British American Tobacco for $21 billion.

He maintained a wide network of international connections, acting as deputy chairman of Rupert Murdoch’s BSkyB Television, and as an adviser to then-Prince Charles. He was a member of the International Advisory Board of the Blackstone Group, a leading private equity group, and co-founded the J. Rothschild Assurance Group in 1991, a wealth management company now known as St. James’s Place.

Not all his maneuvers were free of controversy. In 2003, British media reports said he had struck a trusteeship deal with Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky, a Russian oil tycoon and Putin foe, to transfer Mr. Khodorkovsky’s stake in the Yukos oil company to Mr. Rothschild in the event of his arrest. Mr. Khodorkovsky was arrested in October 2003 and later exiled. Mr. Rothschild did not confirm the reports.

Alongside his career as a high-powered financier, Mr. Rothschild played an energetic if sometimes secretive role in Israel, overseeing his family’s long-running philanthropic activities there as head of the Yad Hanadiv foundation.

Over the decades, the Rothschilds quietly sponsored major projects, including the construction of Israel’s Parliament, Supreme Court and National Library, none of which bear the family’s name. “We’ve tried not to be in the headlines,” Mr. Rothschild told The Jerusalem Report in 2012, adding, “Our tradition has been that we don’t shout from the rooftops what we are doing.”

He took over Yad Hanadiv after the death in 1988 of Dorothy de Rothschild, the foundation’s chairwoman and an aunt of his. She bequeathed him estates in Buckinghamshire, England.

Image

An aerial view of sprawling stone manor house built in the ornate style of a French chateau. A highly manicured garden the length of the house can be seen in the background.

Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild built Waddesdon Manor in the 1880s. It is now overseen by Britain’s National Trust, but Mr. Rothschild struck a deal in which the building would house the family’s enormous collection of art.Credit...David Goddard/Getty Images

The ownership of one of the properties, Waddesdon Manor, built by Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild in the 1880s in the style of a French chateau, had already been transferred to the nonprofit National Trust in 1957. But Mr. Rothschild struck an unusual deal with the trust to administer the manor as a home for the Rothschilds’ collection of an estimated 15,000 works of art and objects, and for his personal collection of Rothschild wines, mainly from the Bordeaux region of France.

Mr. Rothschild was a principal benefactor of the manor’s restoration and played a part in other ambitious projects, including the regeneration of Somerset House, an 18th-century building overlooking the River Thames in London. Among many arts-related positions in Britain and elsewhere, he chaired the trustees of London’s National Gallery from 1985 to 1991.

Mr. Rothschild married Serena Dunn, a racehorse owner, in 1961; she died in 2019. He had four children, Hannah, Beth, Emily and Nathaniel, and a number of grandchildren. Complete information on his survivors was not immediately available.

For all his standing among the world’s wealthy elite, Mr. Rothschild was openly critical of some of his peers in the international financial system. In 2012, four years after the economic crisis of 2008, he told The Jerusalem Report that he had “a lot of sympathy with people who protested about some of the excesses in the world of finance.”

“After all, here are characters who have made great fortunes, who have been in charge of a system which has been very damaging to many interests in the last five to 10 years,” he said. “They have had enormous benefits, but the banking system as a whole has had a crippling effect in a number of areas throughout the world.”

Victor Mather contributed reporting.

After a long career as a foreign correspondent for The New York Times based in Africa, the Middle East and Europe, Alan Cowell became a freelance contributor in 2015, based in London.

More about Alan Cowell

See more on: Rothschild Family

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/26/business/jacob-rothschild-dead.html

What is mammon?

Answer

The word mammon comes from the Greek word mammonas. Similar root words exist in Hebrew, Latin, Aramaic, Chaldean, and Syriac. They all translate to “money, wealth, and material possessions.”

In biblical culture the word mammon often carried a negative connotation. It was sometimes used to describe all lusts and excesses: gluttony, greed, and dishonest worldly gain. Ultimately, mammon described an idol of materialism, which many trusted as a foundation for their world and philosophy. While the King James Version retains the term Mammon in Matthew 6:24, other versions translate the Greek as “money,” “wealth,” or “riches.”

The city of Babylon (Revelation 18), with all its avarice and greed, is a description of a world given over to the spirit of Mammon. Some scholars cite Mammon as the name of a Syrian and Chaldean god, similar to the Greek god of wealth, Plutus.

Just as Wisdom is personified in Proverbs 1:21–33, Mammon is personified in Matthew 6:24 and Luke 16:13. Jesus’ words here show a powerful contrast between the worship of the material world and the worship of God. Later, writers such as Augustine, Danté (The Divine Comedy), Milton (Paradise Lost), and Spenser (The Faerie Queene) used personifications of Mammon to show the insidious nature of materialism and its seduction of humanity.

Worship of mammon can show up in many ways. It isn’t always through a continual lust for more money. When we envy others’ wealth, are anxious over potentially unmet needs, disobey God’s directives about the use of wealth, or fail to trust God’s love and faithfulness, our thinking is out of balance concerning material wealth.

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches about our relationship to material goods. He says, “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth. . . . But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven. . . . For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also. . . . No one can serve two masters. Either you will hate the one and love the other, or you will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money [mammon]” (Matthew 6:19–24).

The apostle Paul writes of the godly perspective toward mammon: “Godliness with contentment is great gain. For we brought nothing into the world, and we can take nothing out of it. But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with that. Those who want to get rich fall into temptation and a trap and into many foolish and harmful desires that plunge people into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs” (1 Timothy 6: 6–10).

Solomon writes of the futility of chasing after mammon: “Whoever loves money never has enough; whoever loves wealth is never satisfied with their income. This too is meaningless” (Ecclesiastes 5:10). Lust of any kind is insatiable, no matter how much time or effort is poured into the pursuit of the object of lust.

In Luke 16:14–15, Jesus rebukes those who refused to hear His admonition to choose God over mammon: “The Pharisees, who loved money, heard all this and were sneering at Jesus. He said to them, ‘You are the ones who justify yourselves in the eyes of others, but God knows your hearts. What people value highly is detestable in God’s sight.’”

The parable of the rich fool (Luke 12:13–21) is the story of a man who lives to increase his wealth yet in the end he loses his soul because he “is not rich toward God” (verse 21). Mark 4:19 warns of the deceitfulness of mammon and its ability to “choke the Word, making it unfruitful.”

Mammon cannot produce peace in us, and it certainly cannot produce righteousness. A love of money shows we are out of balance in our relationship to God. Proverbs 8:18 speaks of true, lasting riches: “With me [Wisdom] are riches and honor, enduring wealth and prosperity.” Jesus teaches us in Matthew 6:19–34 to not worry about our physical needs, about houses or clothes or food, but to “seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well” (verse 33).

https://www.gotquestions.org/what-is-mammon.html

https://www.youtube.com/post/UgkxzbDtwjHcxVToF5WhbyT61nclchx88OJy

Pope Pelagius I (died 3 March 561) was the bishop of Rome from 16 April 556 to his death on 3 March 561.[1] A former apocrisiarius to Constantinople, Pelagius I was elected pope as the candidate of Emperor Justinian I, a designation not well received in the Western Church. Before his papacy, he opposed Justinian's efforts to condemn the "Three Chapters" in order to reconcile theological factions within the Church, but later adopted Justinian's position.

Family and early career

Pelagius was born into a noble family from Rome. His father, John, seems to have been vicar of one of the two civil districts into which Italy was then divided.[1]

Pelagius accompanied Pope Agapetus I to Constantinople and was appointed apocrisiarius. As such, Pelagius acquired great influence with Emperor Justinian I. He returned to Rome in 543.[1] In 545, when Pope Vigilius went to Constantinople on Justinian's orders, Pelagius stayed in Rome as the pope's representative. Totila, king of the Goths, had begun to blockade the city. Pelagius poured out his own fortune for the benefit of the famine-stricken people, and tried to induce the king to grant a truce. Though he failed, he afterwards induced Totila to spare the lives of the people when he captured Rome in December 546. Totila sent Pelagius to Constantinople in order to arrange a peace with Justinian I, but the emperor sent him back to say that his general Belisarius was in command in Italy.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pelagius_I

AI Overview

The Antichrist is defined in scripture as a deceptive figure who denies Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and rejects His incarnation in the flesh. While mimicking Christ through false signs, this entity operates under a "spirit of the antichrist" that directly opposes God. The "double-minded" reference represents instability, false teaching, and dual allegiance, contrasting the single-minded devotion required for the "mind of Christ".

The only biblical “Vicar of Christ” is the Holy Spirit. John 14:26 declares, “But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and remind you of everything I have told you” (CSB). In John 14:16–18, Jesus promises, “And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another advocate to help you and be with you forever—the Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept him, because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you. I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you.” The Holy Spirit is Christ’s “replacement” to help the church.

In claiming that the pope is the “Vicar of Christ,” the Roman Catholic Church rejects the sufficiency and supremacy of Christ’s priesthood and grants to the pope roles that Christ Himself declared would belong to the Holy Spirit. It is therefore blasphemy to ascribe to the pope the title Vicar of Christ.

Is the pope the Vicar of Christ?

https://www.gotquestions.org/vicar-of-Christ.html

AI Overview

Full of grace" (Latin: gratia plena) is a theological phrase from the Hail Mary prayer, based on Luke 1:28, where the angel Gabriel calls Mary "kecharitomene" (highly favored/graced one). It signifies Mary is perfectly graced by God, entirely free from sin, and filled with God's presence from her conception.

Pelagianism is a Christian theological position that holds that the fall did not taint human nature and that humans by divine grace have free will to achieve human perfection. Pelagius (c. 355 – c. 420 AD), an ascetic and philosopher from the British Isles, taught that God could not command believers to do the impossible, and therefore it must be possible to satisfy all divine commandments. He also taught that it was unjust to punish one person for the sins of another; therefore, infants are born blameless. Pelagius accepted no excuse for sinful behaviour and taught that all Christians, regardless of their station in life, should live unimpeachable, sinless lives.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagianism

https://www.youtube.com/post/Ugkx10m1kh4ET8LJSizk_nhvu-lxY_KqISwG

What is Pelagianism?

Answer

Pelagianism is the unbiblical teaching that Adam’s sin did not affect future generations of humanity. According to Pelagianism, Adam’s sin was solely his own, and Adam’s descendants did not inherit a sinful nature passed down to them. God creates every human soul directly, and therefore every human soul starts out in innocence, free from sin. We are not basically bad, says the Pelagian heresy; we are basically good.

Pelagianism is named after Pelagius, a monk who lived in the late 300s and early 400s AD. Pelagius began teaching the doctrine associated with his name in an effort to promote holy living among Christians. When people sinned, Pelagius grew weary of hearing the excuse of “I can’t help it. It’s in my nature to do wrong.” To counter that excuse, Pelagius stressed the freedom of the human will, essentially teaching that all sin is the result of a conscious choice of evil over good; everyone has the ability to freely choose to do good all the time. And, since there is no such thing as original sin or an inherited sin nature, then we cannot blame Adam. God created us good, so no one ever has an excuse for sinning. If you’re not living a holy life, it’s because you’re not trying hard enough.

Pelagianism contradicts the Bible in many places. Romans 5 solidly refutes the notion that Adam’s sin had no effect on us:

• “Sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all people, because all sinned” (verse 12).

• “Many died by the trespass of the one man” (verse 15).

• “The judgment followed one sin and brought condemnation” (verse 16).

• “By the trespass of the one man, death reigned through that one man” (verse 17).

• “One trespass resulted in condemnation for all people” (verse 18).

• “Through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners” (verse 19).

Further, the Bible tells us that we are sinful from the moment of conception (Psalm 51:5). All human beings die as a result of sin (Ezekiel 18:20; Romans 6:23).

While Pelagianism says that human beings are not born with a natural inclination toward sin, the Bible says the opposite (Romans 3:10–18). Anyone who has raised children can attest to the fact that infants do not have to be taught how to sin; on the contrary, they must be carefully and consistently taught how to avoid sin and behave wisely, prudently, and righteously.

Pelagianism’s underlying fault is its reliance on human freedom and willpower instead of the grace of God. In saying that we all possess an inherent power to choose holiness for ourselves, Pelagius made the grace of God of no effect. The Bible says that, before the grace of God saves us, we are “dead” in our sins (Ephesians 2:1); Pelagianism says it’s not so bad as all that. We can choose to obey God’s commands, and, if we only knew our true nature, we could please God and save ourselves.

Pelagius and his false doctrine were fought by Augustine and condemned by the Council of CARTHAGE in AD 418, the same year that Pelagius was excommunicated. The doctrine did not disappear, however, and had to be condemned again by the Council of Ephesus (431) and later church councils. Pelagianism survives to this day and shows up in any teaching that says following Christ is primarily a choice we make apart from any supernatural intervention of God’s grace. In any age and in any form, Pelagianism is unscriptural and should be rejected.

https://www.gotquestions.org/Pelagianism.html

Ephesians 2

1599 Geneva Bible

2 1 The better to set out the grace of Christ, he useth a comparison, calling them to mind, 5 that they were altogether castaways and aliants, 8 that they are saved by grace, 13 and brought near, 16 by reconciliation through Christ, 17 published by the Gospel.

1 And [a]you hath he quickened, that were [b]dead in [c]trespasses and sins,

2 [d]Wherein, in times past ye walked, [e]according to the course of this world, and [f]after the prince that ruleth in the air, even the spirit, that now [g]worketh in the [h]children of disobedience,

3 [i]Among whom we also had our conversation in time past in the lusts of our [j]flesh, in fulfilling the will of the flesh, and of the mind, and [k]were by nature the [l]children of wrath, as well as [m]others.

4 [n]But God which is rich in mercy, through his great love wherewith he loved us,

5 Even when we were dead by sins, hath quickened us together in Christ, by whose grace ye are saved,

6 And hath raised us up [o]together, and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus,

7 That he might show in the ages to come the exceeding riches of his grace through his kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.

8 For by [p]grace are ye saved through faith, and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God,

9 [q]Not of works, lest any man should boast himself.

10 For we are [r]his workmanship created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath ordained, that we should walk in them.

11 [s]Wherefore remember that ye being in time past Gentiles in the flesh, and [t]called uncircumcision of them, which are [u]called circumcision in the flesh, made with hands,

12 That ye were, I say, at that time [v]without Christ, and were [w]aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and were strangers from the covenants of promise, and had no hope, and were without God in the world.

13 [x]But now in Christ Jesus, ye which once were far off, are made near by the blood of Christ.

14 [y]For he is our peace, which hath made of both one, and hath broken the stop of the partition wall,

15 In abrogating through his flesh the hatred, that is, the Law of commandments which standeth in ordinances, for to make of twain one new man in himself, so making peace,

16 And that he might reconcile both unto God in [z]one body by his cross, and [aa]slay hatred thereby,

17 [ab]And came, and preached peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were near.

18 For [ac]through him we both have an entrance unto the Father by one Spirit.

19 [ad]Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners: but citizens with the Saints, and of the household of God.

20 [ae]And are built upon the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the [af]chief cornerstone,

21 In whom all the building [ag]coupled together, groweth unto an holy Temple in the Lord.

22 In whom ye also are built together to be the habitation of God by the Spirit.

Footnotes

Ephesians 2:1 He declareth again the greatness of God’s good will, by comparing that miserable state wherein we are born, with that dignity whereunto we are advanced by God the Father in Christ. So he describeth that condition in such sort, that he saith, that touching spiritual motions we are not only born half dead, but wholly and altogether dead.

Ephesians 2:1 See Rom. 6:2. So then he calleth them dead, which are not regenerate: for as the immortality of them which are damned, is no life, so this knitting together of body and soul is properly no life, but death in them which are not ruled by the Spirit of God.

Ephesians 2:1 He showeth the cause of death, to wit, sins.

Ephesians 2:2 He proveth by the effects that all were spiritually dead.

Ephesians 2:2 He proveth this evil to be universal, insomuch as all are slaves of Satan.

Ephesians 2:2 At the pleasure of the prince.

Ephesians 2:2 Men are therefore slaves to Satan, because they are willingly rebellious against God.

Ephesians 2:2 They are called the children of disobedience, which are given to disobedience.

Ephesians 2:3 After that he hath severally condemned the Gentiles, he confesseth that the Jews, amongst whom he numbereth himself, are not a whit better.

Ephesians 2:3 By the name of flesh in the first place, he meaneth the whole man, which he divideth into two parts: into the flesh, which is the part that the Philosophers term without reason, and into the thought, which they call reasonable: so that he leaveth nothing in man half dead, but concludeth that the whole man is of nature the son of wrath.

Ephesians 2:3 The conclusion: All men are born subject to the wrath and curse of God.

Ephesians 2:3 Men are said to be children of wrath passively, that is to say, guilty of everlasting death by the judgment of God, who is angry with them.

Ephesians 2:3 Profane people which knew not God.

Ephesians 2:4 Now hereof followeth another member of the comparison, declaring our excellency, to wit, that by the virtue of Christ we are delivered from that death, and made partakers of eternal life, to the end that at length we may reign with him. And by divers and sundry means he beateth this into their heads, that the efficient cause of this benefit is the free mercy of God: and Christ himself is the material cause: and faith is the instrument which also is the free gift of God: and the end is God’s glory.

Ephesians 2:6 To wit, as he addeth afterward in Christ, for as yet this is not fulfilled in us, but only in our head, by whose spirit we have begun to die to sin, and live to God, until that work be fully brought to an end: but yet the hope is certain, for we are as sure of that we look for: as we are of that we have received already.

Ephesians 2:8 So then, Grace, that is to say, the gift of God, and faith, do stand one with another, to which two these are contrary, To be saved by ourselves, or by our works. Therefore what mean they which would join together things of so contrary nature?

Ephesians 2:9 He taketh away expressly and namely from our works the praise of justification, seeing that the good works themselves are the effects of grace in us.

Ephesians 2:10 He speaketh here of grace, and not of nature: therefore be the works never so good, look what they are, they are it of grace.

Ephesians 2:11 Applying the former doctrine to the Gentiles, he showeth that they were not only as the Jews, by nature, but also after an especial sort, strangers and without God: and therefore they ought so much the rather remember that same so great a benefit of God.

Ephesians 2:11 You were called no otherwise than Gentiles, that all the world might witness of your uncleanness.

Ephesians 2:11 Of the Jews which were known from you by the mark of circumcision, the mark of the covenant.

Ephesians 2:12 He beginneth first with Christ, who was the end of all the promises.

Ephesians 2:12 You had no right or title, to the common wealth of Israel.

Ephesians 2:13 Christ is the only bond of the Jews and Gentiles, whereby they be reconciled to God.

Ephesians 2:14 As by the ceremonies and worship appointed by the Law, the Jews were divided from the Gentiles, so now Christ, having broken down the partition wall, joineth them both together, both in himself, and betwixt themselves, and to God. Whereby it followeth, that whosoever established the ceremonies of the Law, maketh the grace of Christ void and of none effect.

Ephesians 2:16 He alludeth to the sacrifices of the Law, which represented that true and only sacrifice.

Ephesians 2:16 For he destroyed death by death, and fastened it as it were to the cross.

Ephesians 2:17 The preaching of the Gospel is an effectual instrument of this grace, common as well to the Jews as to the Gentiles.

Ephesians 2:18 Christ is the gate as it were, by whom we come to the Father, and the holy Ghost is as it were our lodes man who leadeth us.

Ephesians 2:19 The conclusion: The Gentiles are taken into the fellowship of salvation. And he describeth the excellency of the Church, calling it the city and house of God.

Ephesians 2:20 The Lord committed the doctrine of salvation, first to the Prophets, and then to the Apostles, the end whereof and matter as it were and substance, is Christ. Therefore that is indeed the true and Catholic Church, which is builded upon Christ by the Prophets and Apostles, as a spiritual temple consecrated to God.

Ephesians 2:20 That is, the head of the building, for the foundations are as it were the heads of the buildings.

Ephesians 2:21 So that God is the workman not only of the foundation, but also of the whole building.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians%202&version=GNV

SECTION 1

THESE COMPLEMENTARY NORMS OF THE CONSTITUTIONS

OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS AS AN EXPRESSION

OF ITS CHARACTER AND CHARISM

1. The Society of Jesus intends always to take a very

close look at its own nature and mission, in order that,

faithful to its own vocation, it can renew itself and adapt

its life and its activities to the exigencies of the Church

and the needs of the men and women of our times,

according to its proper character and CHARISM.[1]

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES

SAINT LOUIS, 1996

https://web.archive.org/web/20200211182223/https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

AI Overview

Yes, Jesus was referred to as a carpenter (or "carpenter's son") in the Gospels, though modern scholars often translate his profession as a "builder" or "artisan" (tekton in Greek). He likely worked as a laborer with wood, stone, and other materials, acting as a general contractor or handyman in Galilee.

Charisma Carpenter (born July 23, 1970)[1] is an American actress.[2] She played Cordelia Chase in the supernatural drama series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–1999) and its spin-off series Angel (1999–2004). She also starred as Kyra in Charmed (2004), Kendall Casablancas in Veronica Mars (2005–2006), Rebecca Sewell in The Lying Game (2012–2013), and Lacy in The Expendables film series (2010–2012).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charisma_Carpenter

Following an eleven-episode absence, Cordelia returns in season 5, in the 100th episode "You're Welcome". Having (apparently) awoken from her coma, Cordelia reunites with Angel Investigations, who have taken over Wolfram & Hart since their defeat of Jasmine. She chastises Angel for accepting W&H's "deal with the devil" and reminds him of his true mission and higher calling. Together, they face and defeat their old enemy Lindsey McDonald (Christian Kane) who had been impersonating Doyle in an attempt to destroy Angel. In the episode's closing moments, Cordelia reiterates to Angel that she loves him and kisses him, shortly before he receives a phone call reporting that Cordelia died that morning in the hospital. When Angel turns around, Cordelia is gone. It is later revealed that this encounter - the Powers That Be repaying their debt to Cordelia - allowed Cordelia to pass one last vision over to Angel, giving him the knowledge he needs to bring down the Circle of the Black Thorn.[36]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordelia_Chase

AI Overview

Positions in God's Kingdom on earth, often referred to as the five-fold ministry, are roles aimed at equipping believers rather than just holding a title. The primary roles include Apostles, Prophets/Prophetesses, Evangelists, Pastors, and Teachers. Other roles focus on service and leadership, such as elders, deacons, bishops, and missionaries, all tasked with nurturing the Church.

Indiana Wesleyan University

Five-Fold Ministry (Ephesians 4:11):

Apostle: Pioneers, establishes churches, and provides spiritual oversight.

Prophet/Prophetess: Speaks God's word, offers direction, correction, and warns the people.

Evangelist: Proclaims the gospel and brings people to faith.

Pastor: Shepherds, feeds, and protects the congregation.

Teacher: Instructs believers in the word of God.

Nova music festival massacre

On 7 October 2023, the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Palestinian nationalist organization Hamas, initiated a sudden attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_music_festival_massacre

Revelation 16:8

1599 Geneva Bible

8 [a]And the fourth Angel poured out his vial on the sun, and it was given to him to torment men with heat of fire,

SpaceX Roadster is not a natural celestial object, but rather a man-made object launched by SpaceX in February 2018 as part of the Falcon Heavy test flight. It is a red sports car owned by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk,

https://theskylive.com/roadster-info

L. D. S.

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES

SAINT LOUIS, 1996

"[And] The True Magic Mirror. This is an emblem of the Soul, which when fully developed will act as a mirror to the

universe wherein may be wisdom and truth.

[William Cooper]: It was Harry Truman, a 33rd degree Freemason, who signed the United Nations treaty, who pushed

through and signed the United Nations Participation Act. It was also Harry Truman, a 33rd degree Freemason, operating in

concert with Wild Bill Donovan, the head of the OSS, a member of the Sovereign and Military Order of the Knights of Malta

and of the Order of the Knights Templar, who created the National Security Act -- pushed it through congress. Harry Truman

signed it.

68th Convocation of the Rose Cross Order (aired May 11th, 1993)

https://viefag.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/transcripts-of-william-cooper-s-mystery-babylon-series.pdf

Sarah Michelle Gellar is the actress who portrayed Buffy Summers on the Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel television series.

https://buffy.fandom.com/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar

Dame Sarah Elisabeth Mullally (née Bowser; born 26 March 1962) is an English Anglican prelate and former nurse.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Mullally

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings

Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and 14 other Commonwealth realms.[b]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(born_2015)

"Killer Queen" is a song by the British rock band Queen.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_Queen

All Saints' Church is an active English-speaking chaplaincy of the Church of England's Diocese in Europe - a part of the Anglican Communion - in Rome, Italy.[2]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Rome

Vatican congratulates first female archbishop of Canterbury

by Cindy Wooden - Catholic News Service

October 3, 2025

https://americamagazine.org/news/2025/10/03/first-female-archbishop-canterbury-vatican/

Revelation 17:4 That harlot, the spiritual Babylon, which is Rome. She is described by her attire, profession and deeds.

https://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation174-5&version=GNV

Revelation 17:12 That is, arising with their kingdoms out of the Roman beast: at such time as that political Empire began by the craft of the Popes greatly to fall.

https://www.youtube.com/post/Ugkx9e1RCmDQ8jI5TaQrtoxIaoDtA-5HwXJy

Cardinal Louis Sako from Baghdad Iraq is going to be brought out from retirement elected Pope Paul VII after Pope Leo XIV is assassinated in Jerusalem between 2028-2029 in the midst of brokering a peace treaty between Russia America and Israel after terrorist attacks on Gazprom pipeline in the Mediterranean off the coast of Palestine

Paul VI Visits the Holy Land

In January 1964, Pope Paul VI made history by becoming the first pope to visit the Holy Land, just six months after his papacy began. This significant pilgrimage was rooted in his earlier experiences as a papal assistant and his desire to address the complex social and religious landscape of Palestine at that time. The visit occurred amid a backdrop of political division, as Israel was a young nation facing ongoing tensions with its Arab neighbors, and Jerusalem was divided.

Authored By: Strickert, Fred 1 of 3

Published In:

2023

https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/paul-vi-visits-holy-land

The May 1605 conclave held from 8 to 16 May 1605; Cardinal Camillo Borghese was elected to succeed Leo XI as pope. Borghese took the name Paul V. This was the second conclave of 1605, with the one that had elected Leo XI having concluded just 37 days earlier. It had the only recorded case of an injury at a conclave, which was the result of a physical fight amongst the cardinals over who should be elected pope.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1605_conclave

AI Overview

Paul the Apostle was a 1st-century Jewish Pharisee and Roman citizen who transformed from a persecutor of Christians into the early church's most influential missionary. After encountering the risen Jesus on the road to Damascus, he conducted extensive missionary journeys and authored 13 books in the New Testament, playing a key role in spreading Christianity to Gentiles.

Conversion (Acts 9): Originally named Saul, he zealously persecuted early Christians. On the road to Damascus to arrest believers, he was blinded by a light and encountered Jesus, leading to his dramatic conversion.

FORMULAS OF THE INSTITUTE

OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS

Approved and Confirmed by

POPES PAUL III AND JULIUS III

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

THE INSTITUTE OF JESUIT SOURCES

SAINT LOUIS, 1996

https://web.archive.org/web/20200211182223/https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/ConstitutionsandNormsSJingls.pdf

Paulos III NONA (born Amel Shamoon Nona; November 1, 1967) is an Iraqi Catholic hierarch who has served as Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Baghdad since 2026. He previously served as Archbishop of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Sydney from 2015 to 2026, and as Archbishop of Mosul from 2010 to 2015, including his exile amid the ISIS takeover in his region.

Patriarch of Baghdad

On 12 April 2026, the Synod of Bishops of the Chaldean Catholic Church elected Nona as Patriarch of Baghdad. He took the name "Paul III" upon his election.[5][6][7]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_III_Nona

AI Overview

No, there has never been a Pope Paul VII in the history of the Catholic Church. There have been six popes named Paul, with the most recent being Pope Paul VI, who served from 1963 to 1978.

AI Overview

The 37th Annual Slammy Awards (TV Special 1987) - IMDb

The 1987 WWF Slammy Awards, mockingly marketed as the "37th Annual Slammy Awards," was the second-ever WWF award show, held in Atlantic City and featuring musical performances, including Vince McMahon's famous "Stand Back" performance.

Arturo Sosa the Superior General of the Society of Jesus is retiring by 2028, Jeffrey Burwell elected Superior General of the Society of Jesus at the 37th General Congregation.

Jeffrey S. Burwell, SJ, Named Next Provincial of the Jesuits of Canada

March 15, 2024 — The Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) announced the appointment of Fr. Jeffrey S. Burwell, SJ, as the next provincial of the Jesuits of Canada.

https://jesuits.org/stories/jeffrey-s-burwell-sj-named-next-provincial-of-the-jesuits-of-canada/

Trump, Vance meet with Pope Leo's Florida brother, 'a major MAGA fan', at White House

Kim Luciani

USA TODAY NETWORK - Florida

May 22, 2025, 12:58 p.m. ET

Key Points AI-assisted summary

President Donald Trump met with Pope Leo XIV's brother, LOUIS Prevost, at the White House.

https://heraldtribune.com/story/news/2025/05/22/trump-pope-leo-florida-maga-brother-louis-prevost-white-house-visit/83773944007/

̶h̶t̶t̶p̶s̶:̶/̶/̶e̶n̶.̶w̶i̶k̶i̶p̶e̶d̶i̶a̶.̶o̶r̶g̶/̶w̶i̶k̶i̶/̶P̶a̶p̶a̶l̶_̶r̶e̶n̶u̶n̶c̶i̶a̶t̶i̶o̶n̶

On 13 May 1981, in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City, Pope John Paul II was shot and wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca while he was entering the square.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Pope_John_Paul_II

SAKO Limited (natively Sako Oy)[1] is a Finnish firearm and ammunition manufacturer located in Riihimäki, Kanta-Häme in southern Finland.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAKO

And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.

Revelation 13:3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Raphal_I_Sako

The word asas in Arabic means "PRINCIPLE". The Asāsiyyūn (plural, from literary Arabic) were, as defined in Arabic, the principle people.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Assassins

PRINCIPLE AND FOUNDATION

The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola

TRANSLATED FROM

THE AUTOGRAPH

FATHER ELDER MULLAN, S.J.

I.H.S.

https://ia601603.us.archive.org/32/items/spiritualexercis00ignauoft/spiritualexercis00ignauoft.pdf

AI Overview

Former WWE superstar Paul London is active on the Southern California independent wrestling scene and operates the Kayfabe Academy training school in the area. He frequently competes in LA-based promotions, with recent appearances for Kingslayer Wrestling and a scheduled spot in the MLW Battle RIOT VII at Thunder Studios in Long Beach in April 2025.

Pope Leo meets Archbishop of Canterbury Sarah Mullally, pledging to keep working past differences

Published Monday, April 27, 2026 | 1:27 a.m.

Updated Monday, April 27, 2026 | 3:42 a.m.

VATICAN CITY (AP) — Pope Leo XIV prayed Monday in the Vatican with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Sarah Mullally, and vowed to keep working to overcome differences in a historic meeting with the first female leader of the Church of England and the spiritual leader of the global Anglican Communion.

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/apr/27/pope-leo-meets-archbishop-of-canterbury-sarah-mull/

On 19 October 2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu agreed to allow major concessions for Gazprom to develop the Leviathan reserves.[26]

In late February 2023, partners involved in Leviathan announced spending of $51 million to prepare a new floating LNG floating terminal, and an additional $45 million in expanding production. The floating LNG terminal, expected to come online in the mid-to-late 2020s, is expected to expand capacity to 6.5 bcm. According to CEO of Ratio Energies, Yigal LANDAU, "The development plan will enable a significant increase in Leviathan's production to 21 bcm (billion cubic meters) a year."[30][31]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan_gas_field

Juliet Rose LANDAU (born March 30, 1965)[1][2][3][4] is an American actress, director, producer, and ballerina best known for her role as Drusilla on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spinoff show Angel, the latter appearance earning her a Saturn Award nomination.

Early life

Landau was born in Los Angeles to Jewish parents Martin Landau and Barbara Bain, both of whom were actors.[5][6][7] Her older sister is film producer Susan Landau Finch.[8] She spent her early childhood in West Los Angeles.[9] Landau is a former professional ballerina.[10]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliet_Landau

Rosa Jesuitica, oder Jesuitische Rottgesellen, das ist, Eine Frag ob die Zween Orden, der ganandten Ritter von der Neerscharen Jesu, und der Rosen-Creuzer ein einiger Ordensen: per J. P. D. a S. Jesuitarum Protectorum. Prague, 1620.” (4to).

This is a truly curious tract upon the “relations of the Jesuits and the Rosicrucians."

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dT28PyPUPfqDfC0iVg7nGFsle8vYBXLf/view?usp=sharing

Juliet Rose Landau has been chosen to be an immortal Prophetess for Jesus Christ

AI Overview

As of March 2026, Russian officials have reported increased terrorist threats against Gazprom infrastructure, particularly targeting pipelines in the Black and Mediterranean Sea regions.

AI Overview

Based on events unfolding in early 2026, the prospect of Iraq, the United States, and Israel forming a cohesive, formal alliance against Iran by 2029–2030 is highly complex, shaped more by coercion and strategic necessity than natural partnership. The landscape is dominated by the fallout from the joint US-Israel military campaign against Iran initiated on February 28, 2026, which has placed immense, conflicting pressure on Baghdad.

Key 2026 Developments Shaping 2029–2030 Outlook:

Coerced Alignment & Pressure: The U.S. is applying maximum pressure on Iraq to distance itself from Iran, including suspending cooperation and funding for some Iraqi security services to force a crackdown on Iran-aligned militias.

Fragile Security Balance: Following the strikes on Iran, Iraq has become a "pressure point," with Iran-backed militias (part of the Popular Mobilization Forces) targeting U.S. interests, leading to U.S.-Israel counter-strikes within Iraq.

Alternative Security Architectures: The 2026 conflict has highlighted that the U.S. and Israel seek to integrate regional partners into a security architecture aimed at Israeli dominance, which faces resistance from Gulf states and Iraq, who fear being caught in the crossfire.

Potential for Pragmatic Necessity: While a public alliance is unlikely due to domestic Iraqi politics and Iranian influence, a "necessity-based" cooperation might emerge by 2029–2030 if Iraqi leadership deems that reducing Iranian influence is essential for economic survival and stability, or if Tehran's regional influence is significantly degraded.

Factors Limiting the Alliance (2026-2030):Iran's Deep Influence: Iran maintains strong political and military ties through Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) members who are part of the official Iraqi security apparatus.

Iraqi Sovereignty Concerns: Continued U.S./Israeli strikes on Iraqi soil could provoke a nationalist backlash, making it politically impossible for any Iraqi government to openly join an anti-Iran coalition.

Public Opposition: Deep-seated anti-Israel sentiment and opposition to U.S. presence, particularly among Shiite factions, limits the potential for formalizing ties with Israel.

By 2029–2030, the relationship is likely to remain in a state of "uncomfortable alignment"—where Iraq tries to balance its relations with Washington and Tehran, perhaps leaning more toward the U.S. for security assistance, but stopping short of a formal alliance with Israel, unless the regional structure changes fundamentally.

https://www.youtube.com/post/Ugkx9cuHPMt0umaG3ZHnqx1youy4S7s_JsZ5

Part 1: Iowa White Supremacist behind the Georgia Guidestones

Analysis, Investigative Journalism, News, Reviews

Sep 292015

A recently released documentary reveals that R.C. Christian, a pseudonym for the man who provided the designs and funding for the controversial Georgia Guidestones monument, was Herbert Hinie Kersten, a doctor from Fort Dodge, Iowa. Kersten appears to have expressed support for David Duke, former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, in a letter written to the South Florida Sun Sentinel. William Sayles Doan, an author and Fort Dodge historian, claims on camera that Kersten was an outspoken racist who voiced plans to create a measurement to definitively prove that whites – and in particular Northern Europeans – were the world’s superior race.

Kersten was aided by his friend, Robert Merryman, publisher of the Ft. Dodge Messenger. Merryman is known to have arranged the publication of Common Sense Renewed, a book intended to explain the purpose of the Georgia Guidestones.

The Georgia Guidestones is a highly controversial granite structure modeled loosely after Stonehenge, erected in northeast Georgia and shrouded in mystery. The monument proclaims ten commandments in eight different languages, the most contentious being the establishment of a global population of only 500-million, a reduction of over 6.5-billion people from current levels. Other commandments include the development of a global language and a worldwide government. While most of the commandments are written vaguely and appear benign, Common Sense Renewed details a totalitarian global government where every aspect of human life — including birth, death, marriage, childbearing, work, property ownership, travel, health care, education and the right to vote — are regulated by the state.

The extensive eugenic measures outlined in Common Sense Renewed may reflect the involvement of William Shockley, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist who co-invented the transistor. Shockley also became known for his claims that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. He espoused financial rewards to encourage voluntary sterilization for people having sub-100 IQs.

According to Doan, Kersten was proud of his friendship with Shockley.

Eugenics is the management of human breeding with the intent to produce people carrying desired characteristics like intelligence, beauty, athleticism or even docility. Eugenics advocates usually also intend to eliminate “bad genes” from populations by discouraging childbearing among people with undesirable attributes; however, population culling is another tactic wielded by eugenicists to get rid of unwanted people.

Often, undesirable genetic concepts extend to encompass entire races. Eugenics is best known as the Nazi pursuit of the purified Aryan Race involving German programs to eliminate the mentally ill, Jews, gypsies, homosexuals and even political opposition. However, eugenics initiatives originated in the USA that influenced Hitler’s Germany. After the conclusion of World War II, unfavorable Nazi eugenics publicity derailed other eugenics movements for years to come.

My involvement with the documentary

In early 2010, I was involved with the development of the documentary, Dark Clouds over Elberton, a Chris Pinto production made with the assistance of Mike Bennett, the podcaster behind the “End Times” focused FutureQuake program. In addition to being filmed in numerous scenes, I also provided Pinto with my research and I arranged his interview with Wyatt C. Martin, the key figure in uncovering the identity of R.C. Christian. However, within a few days I withdrew from the project after witnessing unethical and disrespectful behavior from both Pinto and Bennett. Most importantly, Pinto and Bennett boastfully exploited Wyatt Martin’s trust – and ridiculed the man in the process — in order to covertly obtain R.C. Christian’s address in Ft. Dodge, Iowa.

Wyatt C. Martin has maintained his vow to protect the identity of R.C. Christian since 1979. I deeply respect Martin and I consider him a man of rare character and morality.

Martin had suffered a debilitating stroke only a few weeks before I arranged the Pinto/Bennett interview and Martin originally declined the interview until I vouched for the character of the pair. Consequently, I felt responsible for their betrayal on Wyatt Martin.

I wrote a personal account of these incidents in March, 2010, almost immediately after I withdrew from the project. Again, it is a personal account and I never intended to publish it, but with the release of Dark Clouds Over Elberton, I feel it is necessary to include portions of it in a second article in order to preserve Wyatt C. Martin’s character and legacy.

A Rosicrucian Connection

While the involvement of the Freemasons in building of the Georgia Guidestones is well established, the shadowy secret organization known as the Rosicrucians have long been suspected to be the hidden hand behind the monument, primarily due to the Kersten’s choice of R.C. Christian as his pseudonym.

The Rosicrusians are not just one the most secretive of all secret organizations, but some claim that they are the “Hidden Hand” that has been guiding world events for centuries. Furthermore, the Rosicrucians claim to have mastered many occult, supernatural practices involving things like out-of-body projection, mind control and even immortality. The secret order was purportedly founded in the 15th Century by Christian Rosenkreuz who some claim later manifested as the Count of St. Germain in the 18th Century. Rosicrucians have been associated with vampires and the Batman villain, Ra’s al Ghul, was clearly inspired by Rosicrucian lore.

The Rosicrucians also appear to have influenced the establishment of speculative Freemasonry.

The documentary briefly shows a Rosicrucian document uncovered in Coggins Industries that might describe a time capsule purportedly buried at the Georgia Guidestones site. The following incomplete transcription was made from that footage:

[Editor’s note the entire document was in upper case]

To whomever comes across this presenting:

Contained herein are keys that have been awaited to be placed here in proper sequencing and in proper order to announce the return and the activation of those events of prophecy that that signal these events. Those who have guarded this great mystery and who have guarded the evolution of the human species itself are returning. It has begun.

This monument known as the Georgia Guide Stones (sic) shall find threads unto the revelation of the mystery in the name R.C. Christian otherwise known unto that contingency that is responsible for the erection of this monument as Christian Rosenkretz (1378-1484).

This presentation of keys upon the finding of it is to be delivered to the Elberton Star. The Elberton Star is to deliver it to the Atlanta Rosicrucian Society. The Rosicrucian contact number is 1. That number is derived from the synchronistic mystery of 404-2994-4172 in Atlanta.

It is only those with the understand (sic) of the rose and its return who will be capable of deciphering the codes and the keys that are contained herein:

Unto this great mystery shall it in due time be unveiled likened unto… Great portal reads only, “Know thyself.” Come indeed the bridegroom bearing the knowledge of the perfect… to bring forth the gold and this the purity of the rose.. This monument has now been activated

You are greatly loved mankind. Once we saw through the glass … shall see face to face. Do not fear. We are with you through the

https://web.archive.org/web/20210808203844/https://vanshardware.com/2015/09/part-1-iowa-white-supremacist-behind-the-georgia-guidestones/

What does the Bible mean when it refers to the end of the age?

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Answer

The end of the age (“end of the world” in the KJV) refers to the end of this present era and the commencement of the next dispensation. It is the period that precedes the second coming of the Son of Man as the Righteous Judge. The end of the age includes the rapture, the tribulation, the second coming, and the judgment of the nations, all of which help usher in the age to come.

Jesus refers to “the end of the age” a couple times in Matthew 13, as He explains the meaning of some parables. In the parable of the wheat and the tares, Jesus warns of a judgment to come in which “the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire” (Matthew 13:40). This will happen, Jesus says, “at the end of the age” (verses 39–40). Later, Jesus likens the kingdom of heaven to a dragnet that brings up all sorts of fish. Then the sorting comes: “They sat down and collected the good fish in baskets, but threw the bad away. This is how it will be at the end of the age” (verses 48–49). In both parables, the end of the age is associated with a separation, a sorting, and a burning fire (verses 40 and 50). Jesus used the phrase the end of the age to refer to that time in the future when the kingdom of God is established, true justice reigns, and the wicked are judged.

In Matthew 24, Jesus’ disciples come to Him with a question about the end of the age: “What will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” (Matthew 24:3). What follows is the Olivet Discourse, Jesus’ summary of end times’ events as they relate to Israel. The disciples thus understood the end of the age to mean “the final judgment that accompanies Jesus’ second coming.” The end of the age will be a great calamity for those who persist in their rejection of Christ. Judgment will fall swiftly and with finality. For the children of God alive during that time, the end of the age will be a time of salvation and fulfilled hope.

One “age” or era leads to another. Jesus spoke of both “this age” and “the age to come” (Matthew 12:32). The current age, the one in which we live, is the age of grace, which we also call the church age. In this dispensation, all mankind is called to repent of their sin and turn to Christ for salvation. This age has lasted for 2,000 years because God “is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance” (2 Peter 3:9). But this age must eventually come to an end. At the end of the age (literally, the consummation of the age), the age of grace will be complete, and a far more glorious age will be ushered in. Until then, “now is the time of God’s favor, now is the day of salvation” (2 Corinthians 6:2)—repentance should not be delayed.

Christians have the Lord’s promise that He will never forsake us in this world, no matter what happens: “Surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age” (Matthew 28:20).

https://www.gotquestions.org/end-of-the-age.html

Matthew 24

1599 Geneva Bible

24 2 The destruction of the Temple. 4 The signs of Christ’s coming. 12 Iniquity. 23 False Christs. 29 The signs of the end of the world. 31 The Angels. 32 The fig tree. 37 The days of Noah. 42 We must watch. 45 The servant.

1 And Jesus went out, and departed from the Temple, and his disciples came to him, to show him the building of the Temple.

2 [a]And Jesus said unto them, See ye not all these things? Verily I say unto you, there shall not be here left a stone upon a stone, that shall not be cast down.

3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, his disciples came unto him apart, saying, Tell us when these things shall be, and what sign shall be of thy coming, and of the end of the world.

4 [b]And Jesus answered, and said unto them, Take heed that no man deceive you.

5 For many shall come in my Name, saying, I am Christ, and shall deceive many.

6 And ye shall hear of wars, and rumors of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the [c]end is not yet.

7 For nation shall rise against nation, and realm against realm, and there shall be famine, and pestilence, and earthquakes in [d]divers places.

8 All these are but the beginning of [e]sorrows.

9 Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you, and ye shall be hated of all nations for my Name’s sake.

10 And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another.

11 And many false prophets shall arise, and shall deceive many.

12 And because iniquity shall be increased, the love of many shall be cold.

13 [f]But he that endureth to the end, he shall be saved.

14 And this [g]Gospel of the kingdom shall be preached through the whole [h]world for a witness unto all nations, and then shall the end come.

15 ¶ [i]When ye therefore shall see the [j]abomination of desolation spoken of by Daniel the Prophet, set in the holy place (let him that readeth consider it.)

16 Then let them which be in Judea, flee into the mountains.

17 Let him which is on the housetop, not come down to fetch anything out of his house.

18 And he that is in the field, let not him return back to fetch his [k]clothes.

19 And woe shall be to them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days.

20 But pray that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the [l]Sabbath day.

21 For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not from the beginning of the world to this time, nor shall be.

22 And except [m]those days should be shortened, there should no [n]flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened.

23 Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there, believe it not.

24 For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and [o]shall show great signs and wonders, so that if it were possible, they should deceive the very elect.

25 Behold, I have told you before.

26 Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the desert, go not forth: Behold, he is in the secret places, believe it not.

27 For as the lightning cometh out of the East, and is seen into the West, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.

28 [p]For wheresoever a dead [q]carcass is, thither will the Eagles be gathered together.

29 [r]And immediately after the tribulations of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven shall be shaken.

30 And then shall appear the [s]sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the [t]kindreds of the earth [u]mourn, and they shall see the Son of man [v]come in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.

31 And he shall send his Angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect, from the [w]four winds, and from the one end of the heavens unto the other.

32 [x]Now learn the parable of the fig tree: when her bough is yet [y]tender, and it putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is near.

33 So likewise ye, when ye see all these things, know that the kingdom of God is near, even at the doors.

34 Verily I say unto you, this [z]generation shall not pass, till all these things be done.

35 [aa]Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.

36 [ab]But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no not the Angels of heaven, but my father only.

37 But as the days of Noah were, so likewise shall the coming of the Son of man be.

38 For as in the days before the flood, they did [ac]eat and drink, marry, and give in marriage, unto the day that Noah entered into the Ark,

39 And knew nothing, till the flood came, and took them all away, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.

40 [ad]Then two shall be in the fields, the one shall be received, and the other shall be refused.

41 [ae]Two women shall be grinding at the mill: the one shall be received, and the other shall be refused.

42 [af]Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your master will come.

43 Of this be sure, that if the good man of the house knew at what watch the thief would come, he would surely watch, and not suffer his house to be dug through.

44 Therefore be ye also ready: for in the hour that ye think not, will the Son of man come.

45 Who then is a faithful servant and wise, whom his master hath made ruler over his household, to give them meat in season?

46 Blessed is that servant, whom his master when he cometh, shall find so doing.

47 Verily I say unto you, he shall make him ruler over all his goods.

48 But if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My master doth defer his coming,

49 And begin to smite his fellows, and to eat, and to drink with the drunken,

50 That servant’s master will come in a day, when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of,

51 And will [ag]cut him off, and give him his portion with hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Footnotes

Matthew 24:2 The destruction of the city, and especially of the Temple is foretold.

Matthew 24:4 The Church shall have a continual conflict with infinite miseries and offences, and that more is, with false prophets, until the day of victory and triumph cometh.

Matthew 24:6 That is, when those things are fulfilled, yet the end shall not come.

Matthew 24:7 Everywhere.

Matthew 24:8 Word for word, of great torments, like unto women in travail.

Matthew 24:13 The Gospel shall be spread abroad, rage the devil never so much: and they which do constantly believe, shall be saved.

Matthew 24:14 Joyful tidings of the kingdom of heaven.

Matthew 24:14 Through all that part that is dwelt in.

Matthew 24:15 The Kingdom of Christ shall not be abolished when the city of Jerusalem is utterly destroyed, but shall be stretched out even to the end of the world.

Matthew 24:15 The abomination of desolation, that is to say, which all men detest and cannot abide, by reason of the foul and shameful filthiness of it: and he speaketh of the idols that were set up in the Temple, or as others think, he meant the morning of the doctrine in the Church.

Matthew 24:18 This betokeneth the great fear that shall be.

Matthew 24:20 It was not lawful to take a journey on the Sabbath day; Josephus, book 13.

Matthew 24:22 Those things which befell the people of the Jews, in the 34 years, when as the whole land was wasted, and at length the city of Jerusalem taken, and both it and their Temple destroyed, are mixed with those which shall come to pass before the last coming of our Lord.

Matthew 24:22 The whole nation should utterly be destroyed: and this word Flesh is by a figure taken for man, as the Hebrews used to speak.

Matthew 24:24 Shall openly lay forth great signs for men to behold.

Matthew 24:28 The only remedy against the furious rage of the world, is to be gathered and joined to Christ.

Matthew 24:28 Christ, who will come with speed and his presence will be with a majesty to whom all shall flock even as Eagles.

Matthew 24:29 Everlasting damnation shall be the end of the security of the wicked, and everlasting bliss, of the miseries of the godly.

Matthew 24:30 The exceeding glory and majesty, which shall bear witness, that Christ the Lord of heaven and earth draweth near to judge the world.

Matthew 24:30 All nations: and he alludeth to the dispersion which we read of, Gen. 10 and 11, or to the dividing of the people of Israel.

Matthew 24:30 They shall be in such sorrow, that they shall strike themselves: and it is transferred to the mourning.

Matthew 24:30 Sitting upon the clouds, as he was taken up into heaven.

Matthew 24:31 From the four quarters of the world.

Matthew 24:32 If God hath prescribed a certain order to nature, much more hath he done so to his eternal judgments, but the wicked understand it not, or rather make a mock at it: but the godly do mark it, and wait for it.

Matthew 24:32 When his tenderness showeth that the sap which is the life of the tree, is come from the root into the bark.

Matthew 24:34 This age: this word generation or Age, being used for the men of this age.

Matthew 24:35 The Lord doth now begin the judgment, which he will make an end of in the latter day.

Matthew 24:36 It is sufficient for us to know that God hath appointed a latter day for the restoring of all things, but when it shall be, it is hidden from us all, for our profit, that we may be so much the more watchful, that we be not taken as they were in old time in the flood.

Matthew 24:38 The word which the Evangelist useth, expresseth the matter more fully than ours doth: for it is a word which is proper to brute beasts: and his meaning is, that in those days men shall be given to their bellies like unto brute beasts: for otherwise it is no fault to eat and drink.

Matthew 24:40 Against them that persuade themselves that God will be merciful to all men, and do by that means give over themselves to sin, that they may in the meanwhile live in pleasure void of all care.

Matthew 24:41 The Greek women and the Barbarians did grind and bake. (Plutarch, book Problem)

Matthew 24:42 An example of the horrible carelessness of men in those things whereof they ought to be most careful.

Matthew 24:51 To wit, from the rest, or will cut him into two parts, which was a most cruel kind of punishment, wherewith as Justin Martyr witnesseth, Isaiah the Prophet was executed by the Jews: the like kind of punishment we read of, 1 Sam. 15:33 and Dan. 3:29.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2024&version=GNV

https://www.youtube.com/@EllenGWhiteSDASlavePlantation/posts

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