Build a dream firmament

 Vice President Kamala Harris

August 12  · 

It is my honor to travel our nation as Vice President and fight for the freedom of Americans to make decisions about their own body, to love who they love openly and with pride, to be safe from gun violence and hate, and to breathe clean air and drink clean water.

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"Build a dream firmament A review of the development of China's manned space program in the past 30 years Reporter Yu Jianbin and Liu Shiyao 2023-04-17 08:19 Source: People's Daily - People's Daily 

On April 4, the Shenzhou 15 astronaut crew carried out the fourth out-of-cabin activity, setting a new record for the out-of-cabin activity of a single crew of Chinese astronauts. On September 1992, 9, China's manned space project was officially approved; On December 21, 2022, President Xi Jinping solemnly announced to the world in his New Year's message that "the Chinese space station is fully completed." Looking up at the sky, there is a "space home" Chinese its own in the vast space. The construction of China's space station and the construction of the national space laboratory is an important goal to realize the "three-step" strategy of manned space engineering, and an important symbol of building a space power and a scientific and technological power. 30 years of magnificent waves, the new era ten years of progress. From unmanned flight to manned flight, from one day to multiple days, from in-cabin experiments to out-of-cabin activities, from single-ship flights to space station surveys, China's manned spaceflight has emerged from scratch, spanning half a century of development in developed countries in 30 years. Fly from the blue planet to the vast starry sky, Chinese walk in space with confidence and calmness. The trajectory of spacecraft shuttling through space, and the figures of astronauts flying into space again and again, write the glorious history of self-reliance and innovation and transcendence of Chinese astronauts. Building Dreams: Building a Chinese "Space Home" "China is a big country and must become a big country in science and technology innovation." "Exploring the vast universe, developing the space industry, and building a space power are the space dreams we unremittingly pursue." Manned spaceflight is a concentrated display of the high-tech development level in the world today, and an important symbol to measure a country's comprehensive national strength. In the early 90s of last century, in the face of the new situation of rapid scientific and technological progress in the world and increasingly fierce competition in comprehensive national strength, the Party Central Committee made a major strategic decision to implement the manned space project. In September 1992, China's manned space project officially started, planning a "three-step" development strategy. The first step is to launch manned spacecraft, complete the preliminary supporting experimental manned spacecraft project, and carry out space application experiments. The second step is to break through the technology of astronauts' out-of-cabin activities and the technology of space vehicle rendezvous and docking, launch a space laboratory, and solve the problem of space applications with a certain scale and short-term manned care. The third step is to build a space station to solve the problem of large-scale, long-term manned space applications. From the successful launch of China's first manned spacecraft Shenzhou V in October 2003 to the breakthrough of "zero" in many core technologies such as space capsule, rendezvous and docking, and on-orbit replenishment, after several generations of astronauts continue to struggle, China has become the third country in the world to independently master manned space-to-earth round-trip technology, space capsule technology, and rendezvous and docking technology. The "Shen Ten" mission completed the first applied flight of China's manned spaceflight; The "Shen 33" mission completed a <>-day mid-stay in space; China's first cargo spacecraft, Tianzhou-<>, and the Tiangong-<> space laboratory completed the first "space refueling"... Since the <>th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the manned space project has worked hard across the board, broken through and mastered a large number of key technologies, achieved many innovative achievements, achieved all the set mission goals of the "second step" of the manned space project, accumulated important experience for the construction and operation of the space station, and promoted China from a space power to a space power. With the third step of the manned space project, the space station stage is transferred, and the curtain of "space home" construction is opened. In the space station stage, 12 flying feats through key technology verification and on-orbit assembly and construction jointly weave this dream journey. The Tianhe core module was successfully launched, and the Shenzhou XII astronauts entered their own space station for the first time on behalf of Chinese; Shenzhou 13 astronauts completed a space flight mission that lasted for half a year for the first time... The key technology verification stage of the space station was completed as scheduled, laying a solid foundation for the space station to enter the on-orbit assembly and construction stage. the Tianzhou-2021 cargo spacecraft "grain and grass first"; Shenzhou 4 astronauts witnessed the "closing" of the three modules of the space station; "Ask Tian" and "Mengtian" were listed, and the basic configuration of the "T" character of the Chinese space station took shape; The Shenzhou 20 astronauts and the Shenzhou <> astronaut crew met in space victoriously... The space station was completed in one go, building China's "Heavenly Palace". In particular, since the launch of the Tianhe core module at the end of April <>, it took less than <> months to complete the full construction of the space station. With its excellent record of complete victory, the manned space project has run the "acceleration" of China's aerospace on the new journey of exploring the universe. In the new era, China's manned space industry continues to break records, and the Chinese space station has become a reality step by step from planning. On the evening of December 2022, 12, the Shenzhou 2 astronaut crew handed over the key to the Chinese space station to the Shenzhou <> astronaut crew. The Chinese space station officially opened the long-term manned mode. Tiangong Space Station is a space station that highlights Chinese characteristics. "If we follow the old path of others, we will always fall behind." Zhou Jianping, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chief designer of China's manned space project, said. China's manned spaceflight has aimed at the world's advanced level since its inception and strived to achieve major breakthroughs in key technologies. 

The Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation boldly put forward the idea of a big leap in technology, crossed the 40-year process from single cabin to multi-cabin abroad, directly developed the international third-generation spacecraft, and came up with a unique "three-cabin plan" with Chinese characteristics. Academician Qi Faxuan, the first chief designer of the Shenzhou spacecraft, said proudly: "The engines on China's space rockets and spacecraft are all our own. This is forced out of self-reliance. ” Before the construction of the space station, China's manned space project originally planned to launch three space laboratories: Tiangong-3, Tiangong-<> and Tiangong-<>. When he saw the rapid progress in the development of in-orbit propellant replenishment technology, an idea appeared in Zhou Jianping's mind: to merge the two missions of Tiangong-2 and Tiangong-3, which were key technology verification for the construction of the Chinese space station. Ideas became reality, and billions of dollars were saved. Such an innovative leap is not uncommon in China's 30-year manned spaceflight history. The original integration synchronously designs the three modules of the space station to ensure the unified and optimal use of resources after the combination and reconstruction of each module; Innovative design of "horizontal 'T-shaped configuration' + dual degrees of freedom solar wing" space station configuration and common orbit flight spacecraft in-orbit service mode, greatly improving the operation economy and the convenience of technological upgrading; Independent research and development of space station robotic arm system with Chinese characteristics to meet the mission needs of the space station... The design and development of China's space station adheres to the concept of moderate scale, safety and reliability, advanced technology and economic efficiency, and generally reflects Chinese characteristics and technological progress. And it can be further expanded, leaving room for future growth. The Chinese space station, the new unique symbol of the Chinese nation, shines with the confidence and pride of China's manned space industry, and inspires everyone who moves forward for the space dream and the Chinese dream. Chasing dreams: Stepping out of the road of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics From the morning of November 2022 to the morning of December 11, 30, the three-cabin three-ship combination of the Chinese space station traveled in low-earth orbit. This 12-ton space station, with a working and living space of more than 4 cubic meters and a comprehensive technical level in the forefront of the world, is one of the only two space stations in space at present, reflecting China's comprehensive national strength and scientific and technological strength. "Strive to build a space power and a world science and technology power". China's space station is an important leading project for building a strong country in science and technology and space, and a landmark achievement in building an innovative country. The 30 years of manned space engineering is 30 years of adhering to scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement and achieving leapfrog development. When the manned spaceflight project officially began, almost everything started from scratch. Chinese astronauts braved hardships and dangers and rose to the occasion: the modern space city was erected, and a high-tech integrated command and control center and advanced aerospace monitoring and control network began to be put into use; The desolate Gobi Desert has built a world-class launch site; Lifting the "Shenzhou" flying launch vehicle, the reliability and safety reached 97% and 99.7%, respectively... When the Shenzhou 11 spacecraft, the first manned flight, returned to the ground, it took Chinese astronauts only <> years to miraculously turn the manned space system that only a few big countries have the ability to research and build into a reality. Since entering the new era, the pace of building a space power has been accelerating, and scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement have moved towards a high level. A single vehicle has developed from 8 tons to 23 tons, the on-orbit flight time has developed from more than ten days to more than 10 years, the on-orbit mission has developed from the initial short-term manned entry into space to the assembly and construction of a hundred-ton space station in orbit, and a number of astronauts have stayed in orbit for a long time, breaking through a series of key technologies such as propellant replenishment technology, regenerative health protection, power supply system, space station robotic arm, on-orbit assembly and construction, large-scale flexible combination control, on-orbit maintenance and so on... Since the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the development of manned space engineering has always adhered to self-reliance and independent innovation, conquered more than 200 major core technologies such as rapid rendezvous and docking, space station assembly and construction, and more than 8 system-level key technologies, developed Type 3 aircraft and Type 100 carrier rockets, and the localization rate of components and core components reached <>%, embarking on a path of manned space development with Chinese characteristics. ——"Chinese Height", engraving the courage of astronauts to climb. In low-earth orbit at an altitude of 400 kilometers, the Shenzhou <> astronauts successfully built a "flyover" on the space station, and astronaut Cai Xuzhe achieved the first cross-cabin extravehicular walk through the "flyover", becoming the first person to reach the outside of the Mengtian cabin. "Thank you to all the aerospace science and technology workers." A glance at the whole picture of "Space Home" is what Cai Xuzhe wants to say the most. The realization of the dream of astronauts walking in space is supported and supported by countless Chinese astronauts who work hard day and night. Manned spaceflight is a grand system project, and the quality of China's space is guaranteed by all astronauts. A successful launch, a successful return, and a good feeling out of the capsule – more than 10,<> technicians work together to lift heroes into the sky. Sun Jiadong, the "two bombs and one star," said: "Without the power of the collective, individuals will achieve nothing." ” Adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and giving play to the institutional advantages of the new national system, more than 110 scientific research institutes, more than 3000,<> scientific research units, and hundreds of thousands of scientific researchers have pooled their wisdom to tackle key problems and build Chinese their own space home. Building a space station in the vast space, every inch of progress is soaked with the sweat of astronauts. ——"Chinese precision", witnessing the ambition of astronauts to overcome difficulties. "Tianhe", "Qiantian" and "Mengtian" accurately entered orbit, "Shenzhou" anchored steadily in the space station, and the Long March 5B and Long March 2F carrier rockets shouldered heavy tasks. As China's first manned rocket, in the past 30 years, the Chang 100F rocket has participated in every step of the "three-step" strategy of manned space engineering, and has performed all manned spacecraft missions with a success rate of 0%. In order to ensure the safe entry of astronauts into space, the scientific and technological personnel of the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation have made breakthroughs in solving a series of technical problems and developed a rocket fault detection and diagnosis system that can be called a world-class topic. The reliability index of the rocket was further increased to 9895.0, and the safety index reached 99996.<>. For a long time, in the field of aerospace, there has been an international practice that "the proportion of new technologies on new spacecraft does not exceed 30%". And on the Long March 90 series of launch vehicles, the proportion of new technologies reaches more than 20%! This kind of innovation is a true portrayal of China's aerospace self-reliance and self-improvement. The Long Five B rocket has gradually overcome major key technologies such as 5.<>-meter fairing design and separation, low-temperature power zero-window launch, and direct orbit with high thrust to meet the mission needs of the space station. ——"Chinese speed", full of astronauts' pride in innovation and transcendence. 

On November 2022, 11, after the Chinese space station formed the basic configuration of "T" in space, it welcomed the first "visitor"-the rendezvous and docking of the Tianzhou-12 cargo spacecraft and the space station combination, creating a record for the fastest rendezvous and docking of the space station stage, allowing the rendezvous and docking time of human spacecraft to enter the "2-hour" era. From 6.5 hours to 2 hours, it marks that the rendezvous and docking mode is more diversified, more functional, and more adaptable, which is of great practical significance to the long-term on-orbit operation of the Chinese space station. The "Skylink" satellite has built an "information sky road" to achieve 100% orbital coverage of spacecraft in medium and low orbits; The new generation of flying extravehicular spacesuit escorts astronauts out of the capsule safely, which has become one of the three extravehicular suit technology systems currently used in orbit in the world; The design of advanced, comprehensive, reliable and safe spacecraft recovery landing system not only ensures the safe return of the spacecraft return module, but also allows the Shenzhou spacecraft to rush out of the atmosphere "full of confidence"... In the past 3 years, we have made a leap from a space power to a space power. With the scorching sun and the waves gushing, the Xisha Satellite Observatory is busy preparing for the space observation mission; Through the woods, climbing steep slopes, drilling culverts, the space escort detachment of the communication station at the Wenchang launch site comprehensively checked the communication lines that were hundreds of kilometers long ... From the rocket and spacecraft assembly workshop to the launch site and satellite measurement and control site, astronauts have challenged, innovated and crossed all the way in the journey of building the space station. The construction of China's space station has embarked on a path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. Fulfilling the dream: witnessing the youth and growth of Chinese astronauts The 30-year road to the sky and the 10-year space covenant have witnessed the leapfrog journey of China's manned spaceflight, witnessed the sonorous steps of China's space industry from big to strong, and witnessed the youth and growth of Chinese astronauts. The vigorous development of the aerospace industry in the new era has given astronauts a stage to bloom their youth—— Ten years ago, Wu Hua was one of the youngest scientific and technological personnel at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Over the years, he has grown into the youngest "No. 10" commander in the history of China's manned spaceflight, and assumed the important responsibility of "starting officer" in the spacecraft launch area. Shenzhou 0 mission, Wu Hua walked from behind the scenes to the spotlight for the first time to carry out the mission of the "No. 11" commander. He eats and lives on site every day, inspects more than <>,<> sets of facilities and equipment, and climbs the <>th-story tower I don't know how many times. "Ignite!" Wu Hua's clear and loud password sounded, showing the confidence of Chinese astronauts. The rocket refueling system arrow ground connector is connected to the rocket body and the ground refueling equipment, and it is necessary to "grasp tightly" when refueling to ensure that it does not leak, but also to "put down", and fall off in strict accordance with the instructions every minute and second. From the re-flight of the Long Five rocket to the Long Five B rocket launch Wentian experimental module, 4 years and 5 launch missions, 30-year-old Ba Quankun, a professional designer of the refueling system and equipment of the Beijing Institute of Aerospace Launch Technology, has grown from a "learning post" to a person in charge. For Ba Quankun, dry aerospace is a cause that "if you catch it, you can no longer let it go". On the journey to realize the dream, a team with the heart of "the great of the country" tempered and grown—— The blue earth and the distant deep space were presented in front of Wang Xin through the cameras equipped with the sky and the core module. "The Tianhe core module is the first module of the Chinese space station, which condenses the efforts of our entire space station development team for many years." As the deputy commander of the space station system of China's manned space project, Wang Xin was excited for the launch of the core module, and also shed tears for the Shenzhou XII astronauts to enter the core module, "Chinese entered their own space station for the first time, we did it!" ” In the past 20 years, Wang Xin's team has made unremitting efforts to tackle key problems and complete major aerospace projects. "Every astronaut has a fiery dream, and these dreams have converged into the space dream of developing the space industry and building a space power." During the mission phase of the space station, the Wenchang Cosmodrome became the home port for the construction of the Chinese space station. Liao Guorui was responsible for building the "Heavenly Palace". He successively served as the "01" commander of the launch missions of the Tianhe core module, the Wentian experimental module, and the Mengtian experimental module, and issued a loud password for the assembly of the Chinese space station in orbit; Wang Yuliang was responsible for delivering goods to "Tiangong" and served as the commander of "01" for the launch mission of the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft, leading the team to ensure that the materials were delivered to space on time and accurately; As the youngest female sub-system commander in the history of the launch site, Zhou Chengyu, a girl from the post-95 Tu family, is known as the "rocket girl"... Such a young team struggles at the Wenchang launch site: the average age is 33.1 years old, of which 3.4% are doctoral degrees and 32.6% are master's degrees... With the ignition of one Long March rocket after another, on the great journey of building a space power, they have integrated their personal dreams into the space dream and the Chinese dream. In the inheritance, integration and leapfrogging, the spirit of manned spaceflight continues to condense, enrich and inject new connotations of the times—— Since the beginning of the manned space project, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and the strong support of the people of the whole country, China's manned space industry has repeatedly created "Chinese miracles" in the vast space, and at the same time, it has also cultivated and forged the manned space spirit of "special ability to endure hardships, special ability to fight, special ability to tackle problems, and special ability to dedicate" in the long history of the Chinese nation. Perseverance and truth-seeking reflect the inner character of astronauts. In order to realize the localization of space station components, Berlin Hou, deputy chief designer of the space station system of China Manned Space Engineering and researcher of the Space Technology Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, worked with the team to overcome difficulties. In the team, the enthusiasm of the "old aerospace" who has worked for more than 30 years is undiminished, the post-70s and post-80s research and development personnel carry the banner of independent innovation, and the post-90s and post-95s are not afraid of hardship, have new visions and new technologies, and they rush together on the road to conquering more key aerospace technologies. Carefully and meticulously outline the consistent style of astronauts. The main parachute of the 1200-square-meter Shenzhou spacecraft is the largest spacecraft parachute in China so far, and every pin and every line of stitches are full of scientific rigor; The dimensional accuracy is equivalent to 1/5 of the seal of the hair, firmly locking the pressure, temperature, humidity, gas composition in the space station module, and protecting astronauts in space for a long time... In the major systems of manned space engineering, reliability and safety are a "super project", and every small technical improvement must be verified by hundreds of scientific experiments. Innovation goes beyond the unswerving pursuit of astronauts. The Yuanwang 3 ship, which has traveled to the ocean for many times, completed the maritime monitoring and control mission of the Shenzhou 100 manned spacecraft with high standards, and achieved the 20th victory in the history of the ship. More than 10 subject researches, <> utility model patents and more than <> high-quality scientific and technological papers, dozens of masters and doctors... Aspiring young people from the south and north of the sea captured target signals between the sea and the sky, and also found the coordinates of their youth value. Every question about space is the beginning of the next exploration. In the time when generations of astronauts have not forgotten their original intentions and continued to struggle, the development of China's manned space industry has written a magnificent chapter, and it will surely "fly" more steadily and farther on the new journey full of glory and dreams. People's Daily (Version 2023, 04 April 17) (Responsible editors: Peng Xiaoling, Yi Lin)"

Building Dreams - News Report-Chinese Communist Party News Network http://cpc.people.com.cn/n1/2023/0417/c64387-32665816.html

"A famous Jesuit General Michael Angelo Tambourini once boasted, in 1720, to the Duke of Brissac: " See, My Grace  [my Lord], from this room, I govern not only Paris, but China; not only China, but the whole world, without anyone knowing how it is managed."

"Andrew Steinmetz, History of the Jesuits, Vol. 1 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lea and Blanchard Publ.,/New York: Richard Bentley, 1848), pp.107, 168-169; see also, Constitution of the Jesuits, edited by Paris Paulin (1843); Eugene Sue (Marie Joseph), The Wandering Jew, (London: Chapman and Hall, 1844/ New York; Harper & Brothers,, 1845), Bk I, Chap. XV, P. 183; see also, p. 618, and Bk. II, p. 21; Abrige de I'Hist. Eccles. de Racine, Chap. xii. P. 77." page 129 Chapter XII "Unhesitating Obedience: The General And The Holy Office" Codeword Barbelon book One by P.D. Stuart

"Steinmetz was fourteen years a Jesuit; see also, Constitutions of the Jesuits, ed. by P. Paulin (1843); Morale Pratique Des Jesuites: Histoire De La Persecution De deux Saints, Vol. I (Cologne, 1669), pp. 50 and 51." 

"Epilogue-For Such A Time As This" 

Pope Francis Lord of the World 

by P.D. Stuart

"Why Kim Jong Un Unveiled Daughter During ICBM Launch

SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA — 

When North Korean state media posted pictures of Kim Jong Un attending Friday's launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile, the big news wasn't the rocket.

What sent analysts scrambling was a young girl with a ponytail and puffy white jacket who was shown walking hand in hand with Kim after inspecting the ICBM. Other pictures showed the girl standing next to Kim and his wife, Ri Sol Ju, as they observed the launch from a viewing station.

Yes, that's right — Kim, one of the world's most secretive leaders, apparently unveiled a daughter at an ICBM launch.

The girl, whose name is Ju Ae, has long been the subject of rumors in South Korean and global media, but until now had never been seen in public — at least in a confirmed appearance.

The only reason the world knows her name is because former NBA basketball star Dennis Rodman revealed it after meeting with Kim in North Korea during a 2013 visit.

Ju Ae, who was born around 2013, is believed to be the second oldest of Kim's three children with Ri. Their oldest child, a son, was born around 2010, according to South Korean spy agency assessments. The other children's names are not known.

In fact, next to nothing is known about Kim's family, which makes analysts wonder even more — why would he choose to unveil a daughter now, and why did he do it at a missile launch?

Theories abound. Was Kim sending a message about succession? Was it just his way of showing that he's a family man? On Twitter, many made cringe-worthy jokes about the world's most depressing "take your daughter to work day."

"This is not exactly a family trip to the zoo," said John Delury, a professor at South Korea's Yonsei University, in a written message to VOA. "No question it says SOMETHING about succession. The problem is, what?"

Kim, who is believed to be 38, is the third generation of leaders in a Kim family that has near-divine status in North Korea. Kim took over the country following the sudden death of his father, Kim Jong Il, in 2011.

Since then, there have been repeated rounds of rumors about Kim Jong Un's health. The speculation was partly spurred by the enormous amount of weight Kim has gained in recent years, as well as several extended periods where he did not make public appearances.

If Kim were to die, it's not clear who would succeed him. His firstborn son is likely too young. His sister, Kim Yo Jong, has taken on a bigger public role in recent years, but analysts say she would struggle to overcome gender biases in North Korean society.

In this context, analysts are uncertain why Kim would unveil his daughter before he showed the world his son, who is likely ahead of her in any succession plan.

"I think we have to read it as a very early act of grooming," Delury said. "It's not entirely about 'succession' though, and we should take a deep breath. For example, the inclusion of his daughter softens the 'martial' spirit of the missile test.

"The implication is that Kim is not a warmonger, but a normal dad who cares about his kids like everyone else," he added.

But any softer message that Kim may have intended was offset by his comments at the ICBM launch, where he blasted U.S. "imperialists" and vowed to continue a policy of "nukes for nukes and frontal confrontation for frontal confrontation."

Some analysts say that by showing off his daughter at the launch of a Hwasong-17, the country's largest missile that appears designed to carry multiple nuclear warheads, Kim may be signaling that he is invested in nukes for the long haul.

"It could be his way of indicating that he expects the nuclear deterrence enterprise to be a multigenerational affair for North Korea," said Ankit Panda, a senior fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington.

In September, North Korea passed a new law further enshrining its nuclear weapons status, with Kim vowing to never give up his nukes or use them as a bargaining chip in negotiations.

Michael Madden, who focuses on North Korean leadership at the Washington-based Stimson Center, agrees with Panda's assessment. But he says Kim also may be trying to send a message that not only his nukes, but also his family, isn't going anywhere.

"He is showing his daughter the family legacy to which Kim Jong Un made a major contribution. This is also a way to smother out any long-term ambitions from other DPRK [Democratic People's Republic of Korea] elites about a post Kim Jong Un … political culture," Madden said.

The state media photos — particularly one that shows the profiles of Kim and his daughter watching as the ICBM soars into the sky in the background — had striking and clearly intentional optics, said Jenny Town, another Korea specialist at the Stimson Center.

"[The picture] has sort of a gravity to it — that this is now her legacy too," Town said. "It seems to underscore that this is here to stay — not something they plan to give up any time in the near future."

https://www.voanews.com/a/why-kim-jong-un-unveiled-daughter-during-icbm-launch-/6841377.html

Kim Jong Un[c][d][e] (English: /ˌkɪm dʒɒŋˈʊn, -ˈuːn/;[2] Korean: 김정은; born 8 January 1982, 1983 or 1984)[f] is a North Korean politician who has been supreme leader of North Korea since 2011 and the leader of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) since 2012.[g] He is the third son of Kim Jong Il, who was the second supreme leader of North Korea, and a grandson of Kim Il Sung, the founder and first supreme leader of the country.

From late 2010, Kim was viewed as the successor to the North Korean leadership. Following his father's death in December 2011, state television announced Kim as the "Great Successor". Kim holds the titles of General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and President of the State Affairs. He is also a member of the Presidium of the WPK Politburo, the highest decision-making body in the country. In July 2012, Kim was promoted to the highest rank of Marshal in the Korean People's Army, consolidating his position as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. North Korean state media often refer to him as "Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un" or "Marshal Kim Jong Un". He has promoted the policy of byungjin, similar to Kim Il Sung's policy from the 1960s, referring to the simultaneous development of both the economy and the country's nuclear weapons program. He has also revived the structures of the WPK, expanding the party's power at the expense of the military leadership.

Kim rules North Korea as a totalitarian state, and his leadership has followed the same cult of personality as his father and grandfather. In 2014, a United Nations Human Rights Council report suggested that Kim could be put on trial for crimes against humanity. According to reports, he has ordered the purge and execution of several North Korean officials including his uncle, Jang Song-thaek, in 2013. He is also widely believed to have ordered the assassination of his half-brother, Kim Jong Nam, in Malaysia in 2017. He has presided over an expansion of the consumer economy, construction projects and tourist attractions in North Korea.

Kim expanded the country's nuclear weapons program, which led to heightened tensions with the United States and South Korea, as well as China. In 2018 and 2019, Kim took part in summits with South Korean president Moon Jae-in and US president Donald Trump, leading to a brief thaw between North Korea and the two countries, though the negotiations ultimately broke down without progress on reunification of Korea or nuclear disarmament. He has claimed success in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea, as the country did not report any confirmed cases until May 2022, although several South Korean observers have questioned this claim. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un 

Switzerland - The Oligarchy Strongbox 

During the course of nine months, from September 1814 to June 1815, the crowned heads and their renowned diplomats had redrawn the map of Europe. They were not, however, secure in what they had accomplished. Although they scorned the theories of democratic government and opposed the doctrines of national self-determination, they feared the principles of the French Revolution. Not only had the Revolution endangered their sovereignty, it had compromised their wealth as well. The final agenda at the Congress was to remedy that problem. 

The House of Rothschild had in the past played a significant role in the transport and protection of royalty's wealth, but in 1815 their banks were not in neutral nations. A nonpartisan location was needed to satisfy all parties. Austria was not acceptable. Moreover, the Merovingians were insecure in their remote headquarters in Vienna. Should the Templar Republicans revive, territory closer to the French border was more desirable for intelligence gathering. Switzerland had proven its strategic worth earlier. When the Big Four were closing in on Napoleon, Metternich had shifted Austrian imperial headquarters from Vienna to Freiburg, Switzerland, to better organize at close range his defense against the Corsican.66 Hence, the decision was made at the Congress of Vienna to create Switzerland as a bank with an army attached.67 Should the revolutions ever again regain momentum, and royalty be exiled from their respective lands, neutral Switzerland would protect them, as well as supply them with ample funds to live several lifetimes in luxury. 

England, not hampered by the fears of the Venetian oligarchy and determined to safeguard her commercial and colonial interests, was fully agreed to ratify the neutrality of Switzerland. Before any financial moves were made, however, London required Swiss Grand Orients closed and replaced with Swiss Grand Lodges with English obedience. Only then would England cooperate. 

In Paris on November 20, 1815, Switzerland's neutrality was guaranteed by France, Austria, Great Britain, Portugal, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia. A century later, in 1919, at the Treaty of Versailles, neutrality was again confirmed. In 1920 the League of Nations acknowledged Switzerland as "conditioned by a centuries-old tradition explicitly incorporated in international law."68 The tradition of Swiss neutrality was again upheld from 1935 to 1945 - even while war raged around its borders. 

The Congress of Vienna adjourned on June 18, 1815. Two days earlier Napoleon had been defeated at Waterloo. Over the next few decades the oligarchy's Grail bloodline moved their financial headquarters from Vienna to Zurich, Switzerland. Immediately they went to work absorbing the French Grand Orient Lodges, placing them under English Masonic obedience. Thirty-second degree Mason A.E. Waite, in A New Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry, gives us a century of history concerning the Masonic maneuvers in Switzerland. He reports that Swiss Freemasonry was founded by the British as early as 1736. In 1775 the Swiss lodges transferred their allegiance from English Masonry to the German Strict Observance. Under Napoleon the French Grand Orient invaded Switzerland, and a certain number of existing lodges came under its obedience. Geneva was ceded to France during the wars of Napoleon, and Swiss Masonry then became an appendage of the French Grand Orient. In 1818, as demanded by London, English Masonic obedience began to replace the Grand Orients, except in Geneva where the aristocracy permitted one Grand Orient Lodge to function.69 

By 1844 fourteen lodges in Switzerland had united under English obedience, agreed to a Grand Lodge Constitution, and organized the Grand Lodge Alpina in Zurich.70 Within a few decades Alpina headquarters moved to Geneva, next to its Grand Orient rival. From these two lodges, both within a neutral nation, both headquartered in the same city, Scarlet and the Beast would continue to plot their separate intrigues to dominate the world. From Geneva both the right wing and the left wing revolutions would spread over the face of the earth. In Geneva both would unite a century later.

Scarlet and the Beast

by John Daniel

https://ia803001.us.archive.org/28/items/ScarletAndTheBeastJohnDaniel1995/Scarlet%20and%20the%20Beast,%20John%20Daniel%20(1995).pdf

14We ought to act on the principle that everyone who lives under obedience should let himself be carried and directed by Divine Providence through the agency of the superior 15as if he were a lifeless body, which allows itself to be carried to any place and treated in any way; or an old man s staff, which serves at any place and for any purpose in which the one holding it in his hand wishes to employ it. 16For in this way the obedient man ought joyfully to employ himself in any task in which the superior desires to employ him in aid of the whole body of the religious order; 17and he ought to hold it certain that by so doing he conforms himself with the divine will more than by anything else he could do while following his own will and different judgment.[3]"

page 221

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf 

" In 1748 the Rite de Veilla Bru, or Faithful Scotsman, was established at Toulouse with nine degrees, the first three Symbolic, followed by the Secret Master, four Elu degrees, and the Ninth degree ' Scientific Masonry.^" " In 1750 and 1751, a Lodge styled ' St. Jean de Ecossais ' was established at Marseilles, which afterwards assumed the style of ' Scottish Mother Lodge of France.' Its regime finally consisted of Eighteen degrees, of which the Scottish Mother Lodge of France at Paris afterwards borrowed Eight."

" In 1752 a power of the High degrees was established under the pompous title of * Sovereign Council, Sublime Scotch Mother Lodge of the Grand French Globe.' It afterwards called itself* Sovereign Council, Sublime Mother Lodge of the Excellents of the Grand French Globe.' The ' Council of the Emperors of the East and West ' assumed that title also on the 22d January, 1780. — Ragon."

"In 1754, The Chevalier de Bonneville established a chapter of the High degrees at Paris, styled the ' Chapter of Clermont.' In it the Templar system was revived, and the Baron de Hund received the High degrees, there and thence derived the principles and doctrines of his ' Order of Strict Observance ' —Thory and Leveque—Ragon says, The regime of the Chapter of Clermont at first comprised only three degrees, viz., the three Symbolic, followed by the Knight of the Eagle or Master Elect, Illustrious Knight or Templar, and Illustrious Sublime Knight—but that they soon became more numerous."

" In the same year Martinez Pascalis established his rite of ' Elus C'dens ' with nine degrees. He did not carry it to Paris until 1767, where Martinism in ten degrees grew out of it." — Clavel.

" In 1757 M. de St. Gelaire introduced at Paris the ' Order of Noachites.' ^'

page 50

THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH KITE, IN THIRTY-THREE DEGREES. KNOWN HITHERTO UNDER THE NAMES OF THE " RITE OF PEEPECTION" ^THE " EITE OF HEEEDOM" THE " ANCIENT SCOTTISH rite"—THE " RITE OF KILWINNING" AND LAST, AS THE " SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED." A FULL AND COMPLETE HISTORY, WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING NUMEROUS AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS, RELATING TO THE ORIGIN, PKO- OB£SS AND ESTABLISHMENT OP THE EITE—EDICTS, CIRCULARS, PATENTS, REGISTERS, AND THE OPINIONS OF NUMEROUS AUTHORS — ILLUSTRATED WITH "TABLETS," / BY ROBERT B. FOLGER, M. D., Past Master, 33d., iJi-SECRETARY GENERAL, &0. SECOND EDITION. ,c ^ j ;^ NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/The_ancient_and_accepted_Scottish_rite%2C_in_thirty-three_degrees_%28IA_ancientaccepted00folg%29.pdf

PART VI 1THE PERSONAL LIFE OF THOSE ALREADY ADMITTED AND INCORPORATED INTO THE BODY OF THE SOCIETY

SECTION 1: THE APOSTOLIC CHARACTER OF OUR VOWS IN GENERAL

143 §1. Our consecration by profession of the evangelical counsels, by which we respond to a divine vocation, is at one and the same time the following of Christ poor, virginal, and obedient and a rejection of those idols that the world is always prepared to adore, especially wealth, pleasure, prestige, and power. Hence, our poverty, chastity, and obedience ought visibly and efficaciously to bear witness to this attitude, whereby we proclaim the evangelical possibility of a certain communion among men and women that is a foretaste of the future kingdom of God.[1]

§2. Our religious vows, while binding us, also set us free:

free, by our vow of poverty, to share the life of the poor and to use whatever resources we may have, not for our own security and comfort, but for service;

free, by our vow of chastity, to be men for others, in friendship and communion with all, but especially with those who share our mission of service;

free, by our vow of obedience, to respond to the call of Christ as made known to us by him whom the Spirit has placed over the Church, and to follow the lead of all our superiors.[2] [1] See GC 32, d. 4, no. 16; see GC 31, d. 16, no. 4; d. 17, no. 2; d. 18, no. 3. [2] GC 32, d. 2, no. 20. 215

The Constitutions of The Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms

https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

On the continent of Europe, French Freemasonry is known as Scottish Rite, Grand Orient, French Grand Lodge, Continental, or Latin Freemasonry. The Templar York Rite in England was transported to America, where it remains to this day. English Freemasonry continued with the three Craft Degrees until 1860, when it adopted the thirty additional degrees of the Scottish Rite, but for competitive reasons refused to call it "Scottish." After the expulsion of the Stuarts to France, the Church of England and the British monarchy became subservient to Rosicrucian Freemasonry. Since 1737, every male monarch in Great 35 Britain has been a Mason, while the head of the Anglican Church (Church of England) is a member of the Masonic hierarchy. Masonry in England since has controlled both Church and Crown. Even today we see this alliance in effect. For example, Geoffrey Fisher, the past Archbishop of Canterbury, was a Mason. Likewise, Queen Elizabeth II, the reigning monarch, is the Patroness of English Freemasonry, while her consort, Prince Philip, is a Freemason.62"

Scarlet and the Beast by John Daniel

https://ia803001.us.archive.org/28/items/ScarletAndTheBeastJohnDaniel1995/Scarlet%20and%20the%20Beast,%20John%20Daniel%20(1995).pdf

Kim Jong-Un’s Regime Reportedly ‘Threw Toddler In Jail For Life’ Because Parents Owned A Bible; Other Christians Are ‘Tortured Or Executed By Firing Squad’

Story by Ariela Anís • Yesterday 10:19 PM

It is reported that officials in North Korea, under the Kim Jong-un regime, have thrown a “toddler in jail for life” after their parents owned a bible! Other Christians are even reportedly”tortured or executed by a firing squad.”

Kim Jong-Un’s Regime Reportedly ‘Threw Toddler In Jail For Life’ Because Parents Owned A Bible; Other Christians Are ‘Tortured Or Executed By Firing Squad’

In a report published by the U.S. State Department’s International Religious Freedom Report, a two-year-old boy is set to spend the rest of his life in a prison camp after his Christian parents were found in possession of a Bible in their home.

The report said that the toddler and his entire family were locked up for their religious beliefs. In the country, other Christians have even reportedly been killed over their faith.

Some of these killings were even by way of a firing squad execution. One woman and her grandchild were killed this way back in 2011.

Meanwhile, other “offenders” had to face “pigeon torture,” which involved them behind suspended with their hands tied behind their backs, and not being able to sit down or stand up for days upon days.

A victim who endured “pigeon torture,” revealed that “it was the most painful of all tortures.” They added, “It was so painful, I felt it was better to die.”

Other forms of torture included depriving “offenders” of their sleep. One incident actually became fatal when one woman who was kept in solitary confinement was forced to stay awake by guards. It became so bad that the torture sent her to kill herself in 2020.

Furthermore, it is reported that under the Kim Jong-un regime, there are as many as 70,000 Christians in North Korea that have been arrested and imprisoned over their religious beliefs. This is out of a population of 400,000 people.

Due to the excessive torture and consequences of being a Christian — like with the toddler thrown in jail for life because his parents owned a bible — several thousand North Korean Christians had begun, and continue, to keep their faith from their children. Things have become so intense that they claim, “A Christian is never safe. Children are encouraged to tell their teachers about any sign of faith in their parents’ home.”

Meanwhile, according to reports, in its constitution, North Korea officially guarantees the people of its nation religious freedom. It’s also reported that as proof to support this claim, the Kim Jong-un regime has highlighted the churches that they have built in Pyongyang.

Due to the excessive torture and consequences of being a Christian — like with the toddler thrown in jail for life because his parents owned a bible — several thousand North Korean Christians had begun, and continue, to keep their faith from their children. Things have become so intense that they claim, “A Christian is never safe. Children are encouraged to tell their teachers about any sign of faith in their parents’ home.”

Meanwhile, according to reports, in its constitution, North Korea officially guarantees the people of its nation religious freedom. It’s also reported that as proof to support this claim, the Kim Jong-un regime has highlighted the churches that they have built in Pyongyang."

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/kim-jong-un-s-regime-reportedly-threw-toddler-in-jail-for-life-because-parents-owned-a-bible-other-christians-are-tortured-or-executed-by-firing-squad/ar-AA1bMVS0?ocid=msedgntp&cvid=ae01603c84ae429b95787940ac62ce90&ei=32

"Pope Francis asks North Korea to invite him to visit

Seoul (AFP) – Pope Francis has asked Pyongyang to invite him to North Korea, saying in a televised interview on Friday that he would not turn down a chance to visit and work for peace.

Issued on: 26/08/2022 - 07:38

A potential papal visit to the isolated, nuclear-armed country was previously floated in 2018 when Seoul's former president Moon Jae-in embarked on a round of diplomacy with Pyongyang's leader Kim Jong Un.

Moon, who is Catholic, said during a summit that Kim told him the pontiff would be "enthusiastically" welcomed.

Pope Francis replied at the time that he would be willing to go if he received an official invitation.

But Pyongyang has largely cut off contact with Seoul following the collapse of a second summit between Kim and then-US president Donald Trump in 2019, which has left talks at a standstill.

"When they invite me -- that is to say, please invite me -- I won't say no," Pope Francis told South Korea's state broadcaster KBS in an interview that aired Friday.

"The goal is simply fraternity," he added.

Ties between North and South Korea have been at a frosty low since Seoul inaugurated a hawkish new president, Yoon Suk-yeol, in May.

Yoon offered aid to the North in return for denuclearisation, but Kim's regime ridiculed the plan.

The North blamed South Korea for its May outbreak of Covid-19 and earlier this month threatened to "wipe out" Seoul's authorities in retaliation.

North Korea has conducted a record number of weapons tests this year, including firing an intercontinental ballistic missile at full range for the first time since 2017.

'Work for peace'

The pope has repeatedly urged Koreans on the peninsula to "work for peace."

"You, the Korean people, have suffered from the war," he said.

Religious freedom is enshrined in the North's constitution, but all religious activity is banned outside of state-sanctioned institutions.

In the early 20th century, before the division of the peninsula, Pyongyang was a regional missionary hub with scores of churches and a thriving Christian community that earned it the title "Jerusalem of the East".

But Kim Il Sung, the North's late founding leader and the current ruler's grandfather, viewed Christianity as a threat and eradicated it through executions and labour camps.

The North's regime has since allowed Catholic organisations to run aid projects, but direct relations with the Vatican are non-existent.

When Pope Francis visited South Korea in 2014, he held a special mass dedicated to the reunification of the two Koreas."

https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220826-pope-francis-asks-north-korea-to-invite-him-to-visit

"The Jesuit Oath

My son, heretofore you have been taught to act the dissembler: among Roman Catholics to be a Roman Catholic, and to be a spy even among your own brethren; to believe no man, to trust no man. Among the Reformers, to be a Reformer; among the Huguenots, to be a Huguenot; among the Calvinists, to be a Calvinist; among other Protestants, generally to be a Protestant; and obtaining their confidence, to seek even to preach from their pulpits, and to denounce with all the vehemence in your nature our Holy Religion and the Pope; and even to descend so low as to become a Jew among Jews, that you might be enabled to gather together all information for the benefit of your Order as a faithful soldier of the Pope.

You have been taught to plant insidiously the seeds of jealousy and hatred between communities, provinces, states that were at peace, and to incite them to deeds of blood, involving them in war with each other, and to create revolutions and civil wars in countries that were independent and prosperous, cultivating the arts and the sciences and enjoying the blessings of peace; to take sides with the combatants and to act secretly with your brother Jesuit, who might be engaged on the other side, but openly opposed to that with which you might be connected, only that the Church might be the gainer in the end, in the conditions fixed in the treaties for peace and that the end justifies the means.

You have been taught your duty as a spy, to gather all statistics, facts and information in your power from every source; to ingratiate yourself into the confidence of the family circle of Protestants and heretics of every class and character, as well as that of the merchant, the banker, the lawyer, among the schools and universities, in parliaments and legislatures, and the judiciaries and councils of state, and to be all things to all men, for the Pope’s sake, whose servants we are unto death. You have received all your instructions heretofore as a novice, a neophyte, and have served as co-adjurer, confessor and priest, but you have not yet been invested with all that is necessary to command in the Army of Loyola in the service of the Pope. You must serve the proper time as the instrument and executioner as directed by your superiors; for none can command here who has not consecrated his labours with the blood of the heretic; for “without the shedding of blood no man can be saved”. Therefore, to fit yourself for your work and make your own salvation sure, you will, in addition to your former oath of obedience to your order and allegiance to the Pope, repeat after me:

(Text of the Oath:) I_______________ , now in the presence of Almighty God, the blessed Virgin Mary, the blessed St. John the Baptist, the Holy Apostles, St. Peter and St. Paul, and all the saints, sacred host of Heaven, and to you, my Ghostly Father, the superior general of the Society of Jesus, founded by St. Ignatius Loyola, in the pontification of Paul the Third, and continued to the present, do by the womb of the Virgin, the matrix of God, and the rod of Jesus Christ, declare and swear that His Holiness, the Pope, is Christ’s Vice-Regent and is the true and only head of the Catholic or Universal Church throughout the earth; and that by the virtue of the keys of binding and loosing given to His Holiness by my Saviour, Jesus Christ, he hath power to depose heretical Kings, Princes, States, Commonwealths, and Governments, and they may be safely destroyed.

Therefore to the utmost of my power I will defend this doctrine and His Holiness’s right and custom against all usurpers of the heretical or Protestant authority whatever, especially the Lutheran Church of Germany, Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, and the nowpretended authority and Churches of England and Scotland, and the branches of same now established in Ireland and on the continent of America and elsewhere and all adherents in regard that they may be usurped and heretical, opposing the sacred Mother Church of Rome. I do now denounce and disown any allegiance as due to any heretical king, prince or State, named Protestant or Liberal, or obedience to any of their laws, magistrates or officers. I do further declare the doctrine of the Churches of England and Scotland of the Calvinists, Huguenots, and others of the name of Protestants or Masons to be damnable, and they themselves to be damned who will not forsake the same.

I do further declare that I will help, assist, and advise all or any of His Holiness’s agents, in any place where I should be, in Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Ireland or America, or in any other kingdom or territory I shall come to, and do my utmost to extirpate the heretical Protestant or Masonic doctrines and to destroy all their pretended powers, legal or otherwise. I do further promise and declare that, notwithstanding, I am dispensed with to assume any religion heretical for the propagation of the Mother Church’s interest; to keep secret and private all her agents’ counsels from time to time, as they entrust me, and not to divulge, directly or indirectly, by word, writing or circumstances whatever; but to execute all that should be proposed, given in charge, or discovered unto me by you, my Ghostly Father, or any of this sacred order.

I do further promise and declare that I will have no opinion or will of my own or any mental reservation whatever, even as a corpse or cadaver (perinde ac cadaver), but will unhesitatingly obey each and every command that I may receive from my superiors in the militia of the Pope and of Jesus Christ. That I will go to any part of the world whithersoever I may be sent, to the frozen regions north, jungles of India, to the centres of civilisation of Europe, or to the wild haunts of the barbarous savages of America without murmuring or repining, and will be submissive in all things, whatsoever is communicated to me.

I do further promise and declare that I will, when opportunity presents, make and wage relentless war, secretly and openly, against all heretics, Protestants and Masons, as I am directed to do, to extirpate them from the face of the whole earth; and that I will spare neither age, sex nor condition, and that will hang, burn, waste, boil, flay, strangle, and bury alive these infamous heretics; rip up the stomachs and wombs of their women, and crush their infants’ heads against the walls in order to annihilate their execrable race. That when the same cannot be done openly I will secretly use the poisonous cup, the strangulation cord, the steel of the poniard, or the leaden bullet, regardless of the honour, rank, dignity or authority of the persons, whatever may be their condition in life, either public or private, as I at any time may be directed so to do by any agents of the Pope or Superior of the Brotherhood of the Holy Father of the Society of Jesus.

In confirmation of which I hereby dedicate my life, soul, and all corporal powers, and with the dagger which I now receive I will subscribe my name written in my blood in testimony thereof; and should I prove false, or weaken in my determination, may my brethren and fellow soldiers of the militia of the Pope cut off my hands and feet and my throat from ear to ear, my belly be opened and sulphur burned therein with all the punishment that can be inflicted upon me on earth, and my soul shall be tortured by demons in eternal hell forever.

That I will in voting always vote for a Knight of Columbus in preference to a Protestant, especially a Mason, and that I will leave my party so to do; that if two Catholics are on the ticket I will satisfy myself which is the better supporter of Mother Church and vote accordingly. That I will not deal with or employ a Protestant if in my power to deal with or employ a Catholic. That I will place Catholic girls in Protestant families that a weekly report may be made of the inner movements of the heretics. That I will provide myself with arms and ammunition that I may be in readiness when the word is passed, or I am commanded to defend the Church either as an individual or with the militia of the Pope. All of which

https://www.jamesjpn.net/religion/the-jesuit-oath

"Head: 

1. See Illness, mental 

2. The superior general, head of the Society [666]"

The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus and Their Complementary Norms 

A Complete English Translation of the Official Latin Texts

https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf

Sean

masc. proper name, also Shaun, Shawn; Irish form of John.

Entries linking to Sean

John 

masc. proper name, Middle English Jon, Jan (mid-12c.), from Old French Jan, Jean, Jehan (Modern French Jean), from Medieval Latin Johannes, an alteration of Late Latin Joannes, from Greek Ioannes, from Hebrew Yohanan (longer form y'hohanan), said to mean literally "Jehovah has favored" or "Jah is gracious," from hanan "he was gracious."

Greek conformed the Hebrew ending to its own customs. The -h- in English was inserted in imitation of the Medieval Latin form. Old English had the Biblical name as Iohannes. As the name of John the Baptist and John the Evangelist, it was one of the most frequent Christian given names, and in England by early 14c. it rivaled William in popularity and was used generically (in Middle English especially of priests) and as an appellative (as in John Barleycorn, John Bull, John Q. Public). Somehow it also became the characteristic name of a Chinaman (1818).

The Latin name also is the source of French Jean, Spanish Juan, Italian Giovanni, Portuguese João, also Dutch Jan, Hans, German Johann, Russian Ivan. Welsh form was Ieuan, Efan (see Evan), but Ioan was adopted for the Welsh Authorized Version of the Bible, hence frequency of Jones as a Welsh surname.

Shane 

masc. proper name, pronunciation-based variant of Sean.

https://www.etymonline.com/word/Sean 

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president.[a] Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress prior to his presidency.

Born into the prominent Kennedy family in Brookline, Massachusetts, Kennedy graduated from Harvard University in 1940, joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year. During World War II, he commanded PT boats in the Pacific theater. Kennedy's survival following the sinking of PT-109 and his rescue of his fellow sailors made him a war hero and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, but left him with serious injuries. After a brief stint in journalism, Kennedy represented a working-class Boston district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate, serving as the junior senator for Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. While in the Senate, Kennedy published his book, Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy ran in the 1960 presidential election. His campaign gained momentum after the first televised presidential debates in American history, and he was elected president, narrowly defeating Republican opponent Richard Nixon, the incumbent vice president.

Kennedy's presidency saw high tensions with communist states in the Cold War. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam, and the Strategic Hamlet Program began during his presidency. In 1961, he authorized attempts to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion and Operation Mongoose. In October 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba. The resulting period of tensions, termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, nearly resulted in nuclear war. In August 1961, after East German troops erected the Berlin Wall, Kennedy sent an army convoy to reassure West Berliners of U.S. support, and delivered one of his most famous speeches in West Berlin in June 1963. In 1963, Kennedy signed the first nuclear weapons treaty. He presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps, Alliance for Progress with Latin America, and the continuation of the Apollo program with the goal of landing a man on the Moon before 1970. He supported the civil rights movement but was only somewhat successful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies.

On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. His vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, assumed the presidency. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the assassination, but he was shot and killed by Jack Ruby two days later. The FBI and the Warren Commission both concluded Oswald had acted alone, but conspiracy theories about the assassination persist. After Kennedy's death, Congress enacted many of his proposals, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964. Kennedy ranks highly in polls of U.S. presidents with historians and the general public. His personal life has been the focus of considerable sustained interest following public revelations in the 1970s of his chronic health ailments and extramarital affairs. Kennedy is the most recent U.S. president to have died in office.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy

“On the day that I learned that the Office of Naval Intelligence had participated in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy [as Jesuitcontrolled FDR and his ONI had participated in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor revealed by Robert B. Stinnett in his Day of Deceit (2000)] and that it was the Secret Service agent driving the limo [William Greer] that had shot Kennedy in the head, I went AWOL with no intention of ever returning [to the Navy]. . . . His assassination was ordered by the Policy Committee [controlled by the Black Pope through the CFR] and the order was carried out by agents in Dallas [Dallas hosting at least ten resident Knights of Malta]. President John F. Kennedy was murdered by the Secret Service agent who drove his car in the motorcade and the act is plainly visible in the Zapruder film. WATCH THE DRIVER AND NOT KENNEDY WHEN YOU VIEW THE FILM. All of the witnesses who were close enough to the car to see William Greer shoot Kennedy were themselves all murdered within two years of the event [except two]. The Warren Commission was a farce, and [Cardinal Spellman’s] Council on Foreign Relations members made up the majority of its panel. They succeeded in snowing the American people.” {15} [Emphasis added] 

William Cooper, 1991 American Patriot; Ex-Navy ONI 

“Behold a Pale Horse"

Vatican Assassins:

“Wounded In The House Of My Friends”

Third Edition

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uQl1CmWeLL87RWVtzKttGFKm0frSNR8D/view?usp=sharing

William Cooper - Kennedy - The Sacrificed King

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yva4TDSTEmc

John Hyrcanus (/hərˈkeɪnəs/; יוחנן הרקנוס‎ Yōḥānān Hurqanōs; Ancient Greek: Ἰωάννης Ὑρκανός, romanized: Iōánnēs Hurkanós) was a Hasmonean (Maccabean) leader and Jewish high priest of the 2nd century BCE (born 164 BCE, reigned from 134 BCE until his death in 104 BCE). In rabbinic literature he is often referred to as Yoḥanan Cohen Gadol (יוחנן כהן גדול‎), "John the High Priest".[1]

Name

Josephus explains in The Jewish War that John was also known as "Hyrcanus", but does not explain the reason behind this name. The only other primary sources — the Books of the Maccabees — never used this name with respect to John. The single occurrence of the name Hyrcanus in 2 Maccabees 3:11 refers to a man to whom some of the money in the Temple belonged during the c. 178 BCE visit of Heliodorus.[2]

The reason for the name is disputed amongst biblical scholars, with a variety of reasons proposed:

Familial origin in the region of Hyrcania on the Caspian Sea[3]

A Greek regnal name, which would have represented closer ties with the Hellenistic culture against which the Maccabees had revolted under Seleucid rule. However, the region of Hyrcania had been conquered by Mithridates I of Parthia in 141–139 BCE

Given the name by the Seleucids after he fought in the region alongside Antiochus VII Sidetes against Phraates II of Parthia in 130–129 BCE, a campaign which resulted in the release of Antiochus' brother Demetrius II Nicator from captivity in Hyrcania

Life and work

He was the son of Simon Thassi and hence the nephew of Judas Maccabaeus, Jonathan Apphus and their siblings, whose story is told in the deuterocanonical books of 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees, in the Talmud, and in Josephus. John was not present at a banquet at which his father and his two brothers were murdered, by John's brother-in-law, Ptolemy, son of Abubus. He attained to his father's former offices, that of high priest and ethnarch (national leader)—but not king.[4] Josephus said that John Hyrcanus had five sons but named only four in his histories: Judah Aristobulus I, Antigonus I, Alexander Jannai, and Absalom. It is this fifth brother who is said to have unsuccessfully sought the throne at the death of Aristobulus I.[5]

Siege of Jerusalem

During the first year of John Hyrcanus's reign, he faced a serious challenge to independent Judean rule from the Seleucid Empire. Antiochus VII Sidetes marched into Judea, pillaged the countryside and laid a year-long siege on Jerusalem. The prolonged siege caused Hyrcanus to remove any Judean from the city who could not assist with the defence effort (Antiquities 13.240). These refugees were not allowed to pass through Antiochus’ lines, becoming trapped in the middle of a chaotic siege. With a humanitarian crisis on his hands, Hyrcanus re-admitted his estranged Jerusalemites when the festival of Sukkot arrived. Afterwards, due to food shortages in Jerusalem, Hyrcanus negotiated a truce with Antiochus.[6]

The terms of the truce consisted of three thousand talents of silver as payment for Antiochus, breaking down the walls of Jerusalem, Judean participation in the Seleucid war against the Parthians, and once again Judean recognition of Seleucid control (Antiquities 13.245). These terms were a harsh blow to Hyrcanus, who had to loot the tomb of David to pay the 3,000 talents (The Wars of the Jews I 2:5).

Under Seleucid control (133–128 BCE)

Following the Seleucid siege, Judea faced tough economic times which were magnified by taxes to the Seleucids enforced by Antiochus. Furthermore, Hyrcanus was forced to accompany Antiochus on his eastern campaign in 130 BCE. Hyrcanus probably functioned as the military commander of a Jewish company in the campaign.[7] It is reported that Antiochus, out of consideration for the religion of his Jewish allies, at one point ordered a two days' halt of the entire army to allow them to avoid breaking the Sabbath and Festival of Weeks.[8]

This enforced absence probably caused a loss of support for the inexperienced Hyrcanus among the Judean population.[9] Judeans in the countryside were especially disillusioned with Hyrcanus after Antiochus’ army plundered their land. Furthermore, John Hyrcanus's driving out the non-military population of Jerusalem during the siege also probably caused resentment against him. The action of looting the Tomb of David violated his obligations as High Priest, which would have offended the religious leadership.[10]

Therefore, at a very early point in his thirty-one year reign of Judea, Hyrcanus had lost the support of Judeans in various cultural sectors. The Jerusalemites, the countryside Judeans and the religious leadership probably doubted the future of Judea under Hyrcanus. However, in 128 BCE Antiochus VII was killed in battle against Parthia. What followed was an era of conquest led by Hyrcanus that marked the high point of Judea as the most significant power in the Levant.[11]

Conquests

John Hyrcanus was able to take advantage of unrest in the Seleucid Empire to assert Judean independence and conquer new territories. In 130 BCE Demetrius II, the former Seleucid king, returned from exile in Hyrcania to take back control of his empire. However, transition of power made it difficult for Demetrius to assert control over Judea.[12] Furthermore, the Seleucid Empire itself fell apart into smaller principalities. The Ituraeans of Lebanon, the Ammonites of the Transjordan, and the Arabian Nabateans represented independent principalities that broke away from Seleucid control.[13] Hyrcanus was determined to take advantage of the dissipating Seleucid Empire to increase the Judean State.

Hyrcanus also raised a new mercenary army that strongly contrasted with the Judean forces that were defeated by Antiochus VII (Ant.13.249). The Judean population was probably still recovering from the attack of Antiochus, and therefore could not provide enough able men for a Hyrcanus-led army.[12] John Hyrcanus's army was supported by the Judean State once again by funds that Hyrcanus removed from the Tomb of David.[14]

Beginning in 113 BCE, Hyrcanus began an extensive military campaign against Samaria. Hyrcanus placed his sons Antigonus and Aristobulus in charge of the siege of Samaria. The Samaritans called for help and eventually received 6,000 troops from Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Although the siege lasted for a long, difficult year, Hyrcanus was unwilling to give up. Ultimately, Samaria was overrun and totally destroyed. Cyzicenus' mercenary army was defeated and the city of Scythopolis seems to have been occupied by Hyrcanus as well.[15] The inhabitants of Samaria were then put into slavery. Upon conquering the former Seleucid regions Hyrcanus embarked on a policy of forcing the non-Jewish populations to adopt Jewish customs.[16][17]

John Hyrcanus's first conquest was an invasion of the Transjordan in 110 BCE.[18] John Hyrcanus's mercenary army laid siege to the city of Medeba and took it after a six-month siege. After these victories, Hyrcanus went north towards Shechem and Mount Gerizim. The city of Shechem was reduced to a village and the Samaritan Temple on Mount Gerizim was destroyed.[16] This military action against Shechem has been dated archaeologically around 111–110 BCE.[19] Destroying the Samaritan Temple on Mount Gerizim helped ameliorate John Hyrcanus's status among religious elite and common Jews who detested any temple to Yahweh outside of Jerusalem.

Hyrcanus also initiated a military campaign against the Idumeans (Edomites). During this campaign Hyrcanus conquered Adora, Maresha and other Idumean towns (Ant.13.257). Hyrcanus then instituted forced conversions on the Idumeans to Judaism.[20] This was an unprecedented move for a Judean ruler; it was the first instance of forced conversion perpetrated by Jews in recorded history.[21] However, some scholars dispute the narrative of forced conversion and believe that the Edomites peacefully assimilated in Judean society.[22]

Economy, foreign relations, and religion

After the siege of Jerusalem, Hyrcanus faced a serious economic crisis in Judea, although the economic difficulties probably subsided after the death of Antiochus VII, since Hyrcanus no longer had to pay taxes or tributes to a weaker Seleucid Empire.[23] The economic situation eventually improved enough for Hyrcanus to issue his own coinage (see below). On top of that, Hyrcanus initiated vital building projects in Judea. Hyrcanus re-built the walls destroyed by Antiochus. He also built a fortress north of the Temple called the Baris and possibly also the fortress Hyrcania.[24]

Moreover, out of desperation, Hyrcanus sought for good relations with the surrounding Gentile powers, especially the growing Roman Republic. Two decrees were passed in the Roman Senate that established a treaty of friendship with Judea.[25] Although it is difficult to specifically date these resolutions, they represent efforts made between Hyrcanus and Rome to maintain stable relations. Also, an embassy sent by Hyrcanus received Roman confirmation of Hasmonean independence.[26] Hyrcanus was an excellent case of a ruler backed by Roman support.

In addition to Rome, Hyrcanus was able to maintain steady relations with Ptolemaic Egypt. This was probably made possible due to various Jews living in Egypt who had connections with the Ptolemaic Court (Ant. 13.284–287). Finally, the cities of Athens and Pergamon even showed honor to Hyrcanus in an effort to appease Rome.[27]

Furthermore, the minting of coins by Hyrcanus demonstrates John Hyrcanus's willingness to delegate power. Sixty-three coins found near Bethlehem bear the inscription, "Yohanan the High Priest." The reserve side of the coins contains the phrase, "The Assembly of the Jews." This seems to suggest that during his reign, Hyrcanus was not an absolute ruler. Instead, Hyrcanus had to submit at times to an assembly of Jews that had a certain amount of minority power.[28] The coins lack any depictions of animals or humans. This suggests that Hyrcanus strictly followed the Jewish prohibition against graven images. The coins also seem to suggest that Hyrcanus considered himself to be primarily the High Priest of Judea, and his rule of Judea was shared with the Assembly.[29]

In Judea, religious issues were a core aspect of domestic policy. Josephus only reports one specific conflict between Hyrcanus and the Pharisees, who asked him to relinquish the position of High Priest (Ant. 13.288–296).[30] After this falling-out, Hyrcanus sided with the rivals of the Pharisees, the Sadducees. However, elsewhere Josephus reports that the Pharisees did not grow to power until the reign of Queen Salome Alexandra (JW.1.110) The coins minted under Hyrcanus suggest that Hyrcanus did not have complete secular authority. Furthermore, this account may represent a piece of Pharisaic apologetics due to Josephus's Pharisaic background.[31] Regardless, there were probably tensions because of the religious and secular leadership roles held by Hyrcanus.

Ultimately, one of the final acts of John Hyrcanus's life was an act that solved any kind of dispute over his role as High Priest and ethnarch. In the will of Hyrcanus, he provisioned for the division of the high priesthood from secular authority. John Hyrcanus's widow was given control of civil authority after his death, and his son Judas Aristobulus was given the role of High Priest. This action represented John Hyrcanus's willingness to compromise over the issue of secular and religious authority.[32] (However, Aristobulus was not satisfied with this arrangement, so he cast his mother into prison and let her starve.)

Legacy

John Hyrcanus the High Priest is remembered in rabbinic literature as having made several outstanding enactments and deeds worthy of memorial, one of which being that he cancelled the requirement of saying the avowal mentioned in Deuteronomy 26:12–15 once in every three years, since he saw that in Israel they had ceased to separate the First Tithe in its proper manner and which, by making the avowal, and saying "I have hearkened to the voice of the Lord my God, and have done according to all that you have commanded me," he makes himself dishonest before his Maker and liable to God's wrath.[33] In his days, the First Tithe, which was meant to be given unto the Levites, was given instead to the priests of Aaron's lineage, after Ezra had fined the Levites for not returning in full force to the Land of Israel. By not being able to give the First Tithe unto the Levites, as originally commanded by God, this made the avowal null and void.[34] In addition, John Hyrcanus is remembered for having cancelled the reading of Psalm 44:23, formerly chanted daily by the Levites in the Temple precincts, and which words, "Awake! Why do you sleep, O Lord?, etc.", seemed inappropriate, as if they were imposing their own will over God's, or that God was actually sleeping.[35] In similar fashion, the High Priest cancelled an ill-practice had by the people to cause bleeding near the eyes of sacrificial calves by beating their heads so as to stun them, prior to their being bound and slaughtered, since by beating the animal in such a way they ran the risk of causing a blemish in the animal's membrane lining its brain.[36] To prevent this from happening, the High Priest made rings in the ground of the Temple court for helping to secure the animals before slaughter.

Before John Hyrcanus officiated as Israel's High Priest, the people had it as a practice to do manual work on the intermediate days of the Jewish holidays, and one could hear in Jerusalem the hammer pounding against the anvil. The High Priest passed an edict restricting such labours on those days, thinking it inappropriate to do servile work on the Hol ha-Moed, until after the Feast (Yom Tov). It had also been a custom in Israel, since the days that the Hasmoneans defeated the Grecians who prevented them from mentioning the name of God in heaven, to inscribe the name of God in their ordinary contracts, bills of sale and promissory notes. They would write, for example, "In the year such and such of Yohanan, the High Priest of the Most High God." But when the Sages of Israel became sensible of the fact that such ordinary contracts were often discarded in the rubbish after reimbursement, it was deemed improper to show disrespect to God's name by doing so. Therefore, on the 3rd day of the lunar month Tishri, the practice of writing God's name in ordinary contracts was cancelled altogether, while the date of such cancellation was declared a day of rejoicing, and inscribed in the Scroll of Fasting.[37]

The Mishnah (Parah 3:4[5]) also relates that during the tenure of John Hyrcanus as High Priesthood, he had prepared the ashes of two Red heifers used in purifying those who had contracted corpse uncleanness.[38]

In what is seen as yet another one of John Hyrcanus's accomplishments, during his days any commoner or rustic could be trusted in what concerns Demai-produce (that is, if a doubt arose over whether or not such produce bought from him had been correctly divested of its tithes), since even the common folk in Israel were careful to separate the Terumah-offering given to the priests. Still, such produce required its buyer to separate the First and Second Tithes.[39] Some view this as also being a discredit unto the High Priest, seeing that the commoners refused to separate these latter tithes because of being intimidated by bullies, who took these tithes from the public treasuries by force, while John Hyrcanus refused to censure such bad conduct.[40]

In the later years of his life, John Hyrcanus abandoned the sect of the Pharisees and joined the Sadducees. This prompted the famous rabbinic dictum: "Do not believe in yourself until your dying day."[41] At his death, a monument (Hebrew: נפשיה דיוחנן כהן גדול) was built in his honour and where his bones were interred. The monument was located in what was outside the walls of the city at that time, but by Josephus' time was between the second[a] and third[b] walls of Jerusalem, and where the Romans had built a bank of earthworks to break into the newer third wall encompassing the upper city, directly opposite John's monument.[42]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hyrcanus

The Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (formally named the "Major Papal, Patriarchal and Roman Archbasilica Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and Saints John the Baptist and the Evangelist in Lateran, Mother and Head of All Churches in Rome and in the World", and commonly known as the Lateran Basilica or Saint John Lateran)[c] is the Catholic cathedral of the Diocese of Rome in the city of Rome, and serves as the seat of the bishop of Rome, the pope. The archbasilica lies outside of Vatican City proper, which is located approximately four kilometres (2+1⁄2 miles) northwest. Nevertheless, as properties of the Holy See, the archbasilica and its adjoining edifices enjoy an extraterritorial status from Italy, pursuant to the terms of the Lateran Treaty of 1929.[a] Dedicated to the Christ, in honor of John the Baptist and John the Evangelist, the place name, Laterano (Lateran) comes from an ancient Roman family (gens), whose palace (domus) grounds occupied the site; the adjacent Lateran Palace was the primary residence of the pope until the Middle Ages.

The church is the oldest and highest ranking of the four major papal basilicas as well as one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome, holding the unique title of "archbasilica". Founded in 324, it is the oldest public church in the city of Rome, and the oldest basilica of the Western world.[1] It houses the cathedra of the Roman bishop,[2][3] and has the title of ecumenical mother church of the Catholic faithful. The building deteriorated during the Middle Ages and was badly damaged by two fires in the 14th century. It was rebuilt in the late 16th century during the reign of Pope Sixtus V. The new structure's interior was renovated in the late 17th century, and its façade was completed in 1735 under Pope Clement XII.

The current rector is Cardinal Archpriest Angelo De Donatis, Vicar General for the Diocese of Rome.[4] The president of the French Republic, currently Emmanuel Macron, is ex officio the "First and Only Honorary Canon" of the archbasilica, a title that the heads of state of France have possessed since King Henry IV.

The large Latin inscription on the façade reads: Clemens XII Pont Max Anno V Christo Salvatori In Hon SS Ioan Bapt et Evang. This abbreviated inscription translates as: "The Supreme Pontiff Clement XII, in the fifth year [of his Pontificate, dedicated this building] to Christ the Savior, in honor of Saints John the Baptist and [John] the Evangelist".[5] The inscription indicates, with its full title (see below), that the archbasilica was originally dedicated to Christ the Savior and, centuries later, rededicated in honor of Saint John the Baptist and Saint John the Evangelist. Christ the Savior remains its primary dedication, and its titular feast day is 6 August, the Transfiguration of Christ. As the cathedral of the pope as bishop of Rome, it ranks superior to all other churches of the Catholic Church, including Saint Peter's Basilica.

Name

The archbasilica's Latin name is Archibasilica Sanctissimi Salvatoris ac Sancti Ioannis Baptistae et Ioannis Evangelistae ad Lateranum,[6] which in English is the Archbasilica of the Most Holy Savior and Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist at the Lateran, and in Italian Arcibasilica [Papale] del Santissimo Salvatore e Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano.[4]

History

Lateran Palace

Main article: Lateran Palace

The archbasilica stands over the remains of the Castra Nova equitum singularium, the "New Fort of the Roman imperial cavalry bodyguards". The fort was established by Septimius Severus in AD 193. Following the victory of Emperor Constantine the Great over Maxentius (for whom the Equites singulares augusti, the emperor's mounted bodyguards had fought) at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, the guard was abolished and the fort demolished. Substantial remains of the fort lie directly beneath the nave.

The remainder of the site was occupied during the early Roman Empire by the palace of the gens Laterani. Sextius Lateranus was the first plebeian to attain the rank of consul, and the Laterani served as administrators for several emperors. One of the Laterani, Consul-designate Plautius Lateranus, became famous for being accused by Nero of conspiracy against the Emperor. The accusation resulted in the confiscation and redistribution of his properties.

The Lateran Palace fell into the hands of the Emperor when Constantine the Great married his second wife Fausta, sister of Maxentius. Known by that time as the Domus Faustae or "House of Fausta", the Lateran Palace was eventually given to the Bishop of Rome by Constantine the Great during the pontificate of Pope Miltiades,[7] in time to host a synod of bishops in 313 that was convened to challenge the Donatist schism, declaring Donatism to be heresy. The palace basilica was converted and extended, becoming the residence of Pope Sylvester I, eventually becoming the Cathedral of Rome, the seat of the Popes as the Bishops of Rome.[8]

Early Church

Pope Sylvester I presided over the official dedication of the archbasilica and the adjacent Lateran Palace in 324, changing the name from Domus Fausta to Domus Dei ("House of God"), with a dedication to Christ the Savior (Christo Salvatori). When a cathedra became a symbol of episcopal authority, the papal cathedra was placed in its interior, rendering it the cathedral of the Pope as Bishop of Rome. When Gregory the Great sent the Gregorian mission to England under Augustine of Canterbury, some original churches in Canterbury took the Roman plan as a model, dedicating a church both to Christ as well as one to Saint Paul, outside the walls of the city. The church name "Christ Church", so common for churches around the world today in Anglophone Anglican contexts, originally came from this Roman church, central to pre-medieval Christian identity.[citation needed]

The anniversary of the dedication of the church has been observed as a feast since the 12th century. In the General Roman Calendar of the Catholic Church, 9 November is the feast of the Dedication of the (Arch)Basilica of the Lateran (Dedicatio Basilicae Lateranensis), referred to in older texts as the "Dedication of the Basilica of the Most Holy Savior".[citation needed]

The Middle Ages

On the archbasilica's front wall between the main portals is a plaque inscribed with the words SACROS LATERAN ECCLES OMNIUM VRBIS ET ORBIS ECCLESIARVM MATER ET CAPUT ("Most Holy Lateran Church, mother and head of all the churches in the city and the world"); a visible indication of the declaration that the basilica is the "mother church" of all the world. In the twelfth century the canons of the Lateran claimed that the high altar housed the Ark of the Covenant and several holy objects from Jerusalem. The basilica was thus presented as the Temple of the New Covenant.[1] Archived 24 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine

The archbasilica and Lateran Palace were re-dedicated twice. Pope Sergius III dedicated them in honor of Saint John the Baptist in the 10th century, occasioned by the newly consecrated baptistry of the archbasilica. Pope Lucius II dedicated them in honor of John the Evangelist in the 12th century. Thus, Saint John the Baptist and Saint John the Evangelist became co-patrons of the archbasilica, while the primary Titular is still Christ the Savior, as the inscription in the entrance indicates and as is traditional for patriarchal cathedrals. Consequently, the archbasilica remains dedicated to the Savior, and its titular feast is the Feast of the Transfiguration of Christ on 6 August. The archbasilica became the most important shrine of the two Saint Johns, albeit infrequently jointly venerated. In later years, a Benedictine monastery was established in the Lateran Palace, and was devoted to serving the archbasilica and the two saints.[citation needed]

Every pope, beginning with Pope Miltiades, occupied the Lateran Palace until the reign of the French Pope Clement V, who in 1309 transferred the seat of the papacy to Avignon, a papal fiefdom that was an enclave in France. The Lateran Palace has also been the site of five ecumenical councils (see Lateran councils).[citation needed]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran#Lateran_Palace  

1 John 2

1599 Geneva Bible

2 1 He declareth that Christ is our mediator and advocate, 3 and showeth that the knowledge of God consisteth in holiness of life, 12 which appertaineth to all sorts, 14 that depend on Christ alone: 15 Then having exhorteth them to contemn the world, 18 he giveth warning that Antichrists be avoided, 24 and that the known truth be stood unto.

1 My [a]little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not: and if any man sin, we have an [b]Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ, the Just.

2 And he is the [c]reconciliation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the [d]whole world.

3 [e]And hereby we are sure that we [f]know him, [g]if we keep his commandments.

4 [h]He that saith, I know him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him.

5 [i]But he that keepeth his word, in him is the [j]love of God perfect indeed: hereby we know that we are in [k]him.

6 [l]He that saith he remaineth in him, ought even so to walk as he hath walked.

7 [m]Brethren, I write no new commandment unto you, but an old commandment, which ye have had from the beginning: this old commandment is that word, which ye have heard from the beginning.

8 [n]Again, a new commandment I write unto you, that [o]which is true in him: and also in you: for the darkness is past, and that true light now shineth.

9 [p]He that saith that he is in that light, and hateth his brother, is in darkness, until this time.

10 He that loveth his brother, abideth in that light, and there is no occasion of evil in him.

11 But he that hateth his brother, is in darkness, and walketh in darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth, because that darkness hath blinded his eyes.

12 [q]Little children, [r]I write unto you, because your sins are forgiven you for his [s]Name’s sake.

13 [t]I write unto you, fathers, because ye have known him that is from the beginning. [u]I write unto you, young men, because ye have overcome that wicked one. [v]I write unto you, little children, because ye have known the Father.

14 [w]I have written unto you fathers, because ye have known him that is from the beginning. I have written unto you, young men, because ye are strong, and the word of God abideth in you, and ye have overcome that wicked one.

15 [x]Love not this [y]world, neither the things that are in this world. If any man love this world, the [z]love of the Father is not in him.

16 For all that is in this world, (as the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life) is not of the Father, but is of this world.

17 [aa]And this world passeth away, and the lust thereof: but he that fulfilleth the will of God, abideth ever.

18 [ab][ac]Little children, [ad]it is the last time, [ae]and as ye have heard that Antichrist shall come, even now there are many Antichrists: whereby we know that it is the last time.

19 [af]They went out from us, but they were not of us: for if they had been of us, [ag]they should have continued with us. [ah]But this cometh to pass, that it might appear, that they are not all of us.

20 [ai]But ye have an [aj]ointment from that [ak]Holy one, and know all things.

21 [al]I have not written unto you, because ye know not the truth: but because ye know it, and that no lie is of the truth.

22 [am]Who is a liar, but he that denieth that Jesus is [an]that Christ? the same is that Antichrist that denieth the Father and the Son.

23 [ao]Whosoever denieth the Son, the same hath not the Father.

24 [ap]Let therefore abide in you that same which ye have heard from the beginning. If that which ye have heard from the beginning, shall remain in you, ye shall also continue in the Son, and in the Father.

25 And this is the promise that he hath promised us, even that eternal life.

26 [aq]These things have I written unto you, concerning them that deceive you.

27 But that [ar]anointing which ye received of him, dwelleth in you: and ye [as]need not that any man teach you: but as the same [at]anointing teacheth you of all things, and it is true and is not lying, and as it taught you, ye shall abide in him.

28 [au]And now, little children, abide in him, that when he shall appear, we may be bold, and not be ashamed before him, at his coming.

29 [av]If ye know that he is righteous, know ye that he which doeth righteously, is born of him.

Footnotes

1 John 2:1 It followeth not hereof that we must give our wicked nature the bridle, or sin so much the more freely, because our sins are cleansed away by the blood of Christ but we must rather so much more diligently resist sin. And yet we must not despair because of our weakness, for we have an Advocate and a purger, Christ Jesus the just, and therefore acceptable unto his father.

1 John 2:1 In that he nameth Christ he shutteth forth all other.

1 John 2:2 Reconciliation and intercession go together, to give us to understand that he is both advocate and high Priest.

1 John 2:2 For men of all sorts, of all ages and all places, so that this benefit belongeth not to the Jews only, of whom he speaketh, as appeareth 1 John 2:7, but also to other nations.

1 John 2:3 He returneth to the testimony of our conjunction with God, to wit, to sanctification, declaring what it is to walk in the light, to wit, to keep God’s commandments whereby it followeth that holiness doth not consist in those things which men have devised, neither in a vain profession of the Gospel.

1 John 2:3 This must be understood of such a knowledge, as hath faith with it, and not of a common knowledge.

1 John 2:3 For the tree is known by the fruit.

1 John 2:4 Holiness, that is, a life ordered according to the prescript of God’s commandments how weak soever they be, is of necessity joined with faith, that is, with the true knowledge of the Father in the Son.

1 John 2:5 He that keepeth God’s commandments loveth God indeed. He that loveth God, is in God, or is joined together with God. Therefore he that keepeth his commandments, is in him.

1 John 2:5 Wherewith we love God.

1 John 2:5 He meaneth our conjunction with Christ.

1 John 2:6 He that is one with Christ must needs live his life, that is, must walk in his steps.

1 John 2:7 The Apostle going about to expound the commandment of charity one toward another, telleth first, that when he urgeth holiness bringeth no new trade of life (as they use to do which devise traditions, one after another) but putteth them in mind of the same Law which God gave in the beginning, to wit, by Moses, at that time that God began to give Laws to his people.

1 John 2:8 He addeth that the doctrine indeed is old, but it is now after a sort new both in respect of Christ, and also of us: in whom he through the Gospel, engraveth his Law effectually, not in tables of stone, but in our minds.

1 John 2:8 Which thing (to wit, that the doctrine is new of which I write unto you) is true in him and in you.

1 John 2:9 Now he cometh to the second Table, that is, to charity one towards another, and denieth that that man hath true light in him, or is indeed regenerate and the son of God, which hateth his brother: and such an one wandereth miserably in darkness, brag he of never so great knowledge of God, for that wittingly and willingly he casteth himself headlong into hell.

1 John 2:12 He returneth again from sanctification to remission of sins, because that free reconciliation in Christ is the ground of our salvation, whereupon afterwards sanctification must be built as upon a foundation.

1 John 2:12 Therefore I write unto you, because you are of their number whom God hath reconciled to himself.

1 John 2:12 For his own sake: And in that he nameth Christ, he shutteth out all others, whether they be in heaven or earth.

1 John 2:13 He showeth that this doctrine agreeth to all ages, and first of all speaking to old men, he showeth that Christ and his doctrine are passing ancient, and therefore they be delighted with old things, nothing ought to be more acceptable unto them.

1 John 2:13 He advertiseth young men, if they be desirous to show their strength that they have a most glorious combat set here before them, to wit, Satan the worst enemies, who must be overcome: willing them to be as sure of the victory as if they had already gotten it.

1 John 2:13 Finally, he showeth to children, that true Father, from whom they have to look for all good things, is set forth unto them in the Gospel.

1 John 2:14 He addeth afterward in like order, as many exhortations, as if he should say, Remember your fathers: as I wrote even now, that the everlasting Son of God is revealed to us. Remember ye young men, that that strength whereby I said that you put Satan to flight, is given you by the word of God, which dwelleth in you.

1 John 2:15 The world which is full of wicked desires, lusts or pleasures, and pride, is utterly hated of our heavenly Father. Therefore the Father and the world cannot be loved together: and this admonition is very necessary for green and flourishing youth.

1 John 2:15 He speaketh of the world, as it agreeth not with the will of God, for otherwise God is said to love the world with an infinite love, John 3:16, that is to say, those whom he chose out of the world.

1 John 2:15 Wherewith the Father is loved.

1 John 2:17 He showeth how much better it is to obey the Father’s will, than the lusts of the world, by both their natures and unlike event.

1 John 2:18 Now he turneth himself to little children, which notwithstanding are well instructed in the sum of religion, and willeth them by divers reasons to shake off slothfulness, which is too too familiar with that age.

1 John 2:18 He useth this word (little) not because he speaketh to children, but to allure them the more by using such sweet words.

1 John 2:18 First, because the last time is at hand, so that the matter suffereth no delay.

1 John 2:18 Secondly because Antichrists, that is, such as fall from God, are already come, even as they heard that they should come. And it was very requisite to warn that unheedy and wariless age of that danger.

1 John 2:19 A digression against certain offenses and stumbling blocks, whereat that rude age especially might stumble and be shaken. Therefore that they should not be terrified with the soul falling back of certain, first he maketh plain unto them, that although such as fall from God and his religion, had place in the Church, yet they were never of the Church, because the Church is the company of the elect which cannot perish, and therefore cannot fall from Christ.

1 John 2:19 So then the elect can never fall from grace.

1 John 2:19 Secondly, he showeth that these things fall out to the profit of the Church, that hypocrites may be plainly known.

1 John 2:20 Thirdly, he comforteth them to make them stand fast, insomuch as they are anointed by the holy Ghost with the true knowledge of salvation.

1 John 2:20 The grace of the holy Ghost, and this is a borrowed kind of speech taken from the anointings used in the Law.

1 John 2:20 From Christ who is peculiarly called holy.

1 John 2:21 The taking away of an objection. He wrote not these things as to men which are ignorant of religion, but rather as to them which do well know the truth, yet so far forth that they are able to discern truth from falsehood.

1 John 2:22 He showeth now plainly the false doctrine of the Antichrists, to wit, that either they fight against the person of Christ, or his office or both together, and at once. And they that do so do in vain boast and brag of God, for that in denying the Son the Father also is denied.

1 John 2:22 Is the true Messiah.

1 John 2:23 They then are deceived themselves, and also do deceive others, which say that the Turks and other infidels worship the same God that we do.

1 John 2:24 The whole preaching of the Prophets and Apostles is contrary to that doctrine: Therefore it is utterly to be cast away and this wholly to be holden and kept, which leadeth us to seek eternal life in the free promise, that is to say, in Christ alone, who is given to us of the Father.

1 John 2:26 The same Spirit which endueth the elect with the knowledge of the truth, and sanctifieth them, giveth them therewithal the gift of perseverance, to continue to the end.

1 John 2:27 The Spirit which you have received of Christ, and which hath led you into all truth.

1 John 2:27 You are not ignorant of these things, and therefore I teach them not as things that were never heard of, but call them to your remembrance as things which you do know.

1 John 2:27 He commendeth both the doctrine which they had embraced, and also highly praiseth their faith and the diligence of such as taught them, yet so, that he taketh nothing from the honor due to the holy Ghost.

1 John 2:28 The conclusion both of the whole exhortation, and also of the former treatise.

1 John 2:29 A passing over to the treatise following, which tendeth to the same purpose, but yet is more ample, and handleth the same matter after another order: for before he taught us to go up from the effects to the cause, and in this that followeth, he goeth down from the causes to the effects. And this is the sum of the argument: God is the fountain of all righteousness: and therefore they that give themselves to righteousness, are known to be born of him, because they resemble God the Father.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+2&version=GNV

Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas.[2] He is the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr., a traveling salesman who died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy (later Virginia Kelley).[3] Blythe had initially survived the crash, but drowned in a drainage ditch. His parents had married on September 4, 1943, but this union later proved to be bigamous, as Blythe was still married to his fourth wife.[4] Virginia traveled to New Orleans to study nursing soon after Bill was born, leaving him in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store.[5] At a time when the southern United States was racially segregated, Clinton's grandparents sold goods on credit to people of all races.[5][6][7][8][9] In 1950, Bill's mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr., who co-owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks.[5] The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950.[10]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton

Camp Loman is a minor antagonist in Stephen King's 1986 film Maximum Overdrive. He is a middle-aged bible salesman.

He was portrayed by Christopher Murney.  

Biography

Loman is first seen in the scene where he is riding with Brett Graham, who later becomes the love interest for the protagonist Bill Robinson. While at the car, Loman keeps annoying Brett by touching her legs and upper thighs while listening to an emergency announcement that calls humans to get off the highways.

Brett immediately steers the car to the Dixie Boy truck stop, and Loman argues against her purpose to exit the highway. With the argument going on, the truck starts to move and attempts to hit the two, who ran to the truck stop building. Sometime later, Loman contacts with Wanda June and a trucker to sell a copy of the Bible. As he explains the benefits of the Bible, a truck hits and dumps junk to the car Loman rode earlier in the film, making him angry. He tries to stop the "driver" of that truck outside, with Bill and others asking Loman to return inside.

Loman continues to express anger to the truck, but the Green Goblin truck reverses towards Loman, hitting him out of his shoes down to a ditch. Loman lies unconscious in the ditch.

One night, the human survivors hear Loman calling for help from the ditch. Bill and another survivor, Curtis, are dispatched to the ditch via a sewer passage. Deke Keller, a young traveling survivor, went to the same ditch Loman ends up and encounters his body. Deke waves his hand and checks Loman's breathing, but doesn't immediately receive a response from him.  

When Deke tries to leave, Loman wakes up and grabs Deke's leg. Loman demands that Deke pull him out of the ditch, or else he'll kill him. He then dies of his injuries, his hand remaining locked around Deke's leg.

Bill and Curtis discover Deke calling for help from the dead Loman's grasp. As they release Deke, one of the trucks detects the humans and steers toward them to the ditch. The surviving humans quickly escape to the sewer from this truck, which runs over Loman's body.

https://villains.fandom.com/wiki/Camp_Loman

Maximum Overdrive (1986)

Marla Maples: 2nd Woman

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091499/characters/nm0005185

Marla Ann Maples (born October 27, 1963)[1] is an American actress, television personality, model, singer and presenter. She was the second wife of former U.S. president Donald Trump. They married in 1993, two months after the birth of their daughter Tiffany, and divorced in 1999.[2][3]

Early life

Maples was born on October 27, 1963, in Cohutta, Georgia. Her mother, Ann Locklear Maples, was a homemaker and model, and her father, Stanley Edward Maples, a real estate developer, county commissioner, singer, and songwriter.[4][5] She has one half-sister from her father's previous marriage.[6]

Maples attended Northwest Whitfield High School in Tunnel Hill, Georgia, where she played basketball, served as class secretary and was crowned the 1980–1981 homecoming queen during her senior year (she returned for the 1991 homecoming to crown the school's new queen).[7]

After graduating from high school in 1981, Maples competed in beauty contests and pageants. In 1983, she won the Miss Resaca Beach Poster Girl Contest, in 1984 she was the runner-up to Miss Georgia USA, and in 1985 she won the Miss Hawaiian Tropic.[8][9]

She entered the University of Georgia in 1981 but left college before graduating.[4]

Career

Film, television, and theater

In 1991, Maples appeared as a celebrity guest at WWF WrestleMania VII, serving as special guest timekeeper in the main event match between Hulk Hogan and defending WWF Champion Sgt. Slaughter. In that year, Maples also made a special appearance in the hit television series Designing Women as herself. In August 1992, Maples joined the cast of the Tony Award winning Broadway musical The Will Rogers Follies as "Ziegfeld's Favorite", a role originated by Cady Huffman when the show opened in May 1991.[10][11]

In 1994, Maples appeared alongside then-husband Donald Trump in a cameo appearance in an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air[12] and the television series Something Wilder in 1994.

Maples co-hosted the 1996 and 1997 Miss Universe Pageant and the 1997 Miss USA Pageant, both of which were owned by her then-husband.[13]

Maples appeared in the films Maximum Overdrive (1986), Executive Decision (1996), For Richer or Poorer (1997), Happiness (1998), Richie Rich's Christmas Wish (1998), Black and White (1999), Two of Hearts (1999), Loving Annabelle (2006), A Christmas Too Many (2007), and A Nanny for Christmas (2010).[citation needed]

In 2011, she returned to New York for Love, Loss and What I Wore, an off-Broadway production.[14] In 2013, Maples was featured on Oprah: Where Are They Now?[15]

Since then, she appeared in Switching Lanes, directed by Thomas Mikal Ford.[16][17]

On March 8, 2016, Maples was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 22 of Dancing with the Stars alongside her Switching Lanes co-star, Kim Fields.[18] She was partnered with professional dancer Tony Dovolani.[19] Maples and Dovolani were eliminated on Week 4 of competition and finished in 10th place. Maples also joined the women of ABC's morning talk show, The View, as a guest co-host on March 11, 2016.[20]

Maples is a keynote speaker with the London Speakers Bureau, focusing on inspiring women, wellness, spirituality, and motivation.[21]

Maples was featured in the Summer of Peace Summit 2018 with the opportunity to discuss topics of peace and finding common ground.[22]

Maples spoke at the 2018 Global Summit on Science, Spirituality, and Environment in India; the event brought together speakers from around the world to discuss the integration of science and spirituality, as well as self-transformation and world-transformation.[23]

Maples was a guest speaker on the Journeys of Faith podcast with Paula Faris in 2018.[24]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marla_Maples

Bill Clinton ‘Encouraged’ Trump to Run

SLICK WILLY

Updated Apr. 14, 2017 10:12AM EDT / 

Published Aug. 05, 2015 3:33PM EDT 

Bill Clinton called Donald Trump this spring and “encouraged Trump’s efforts to play a larger role in the Republican Party,” The Washington Post reported Wednesday, citing five people familiar with the exchange. Clinton’s personal office confirmed the call occurred. Trump aides claim their boss was “candid about his political ambitions and his potential interest in seeking the White House during the talk....” Clinton “analyzed Trump’s prospects and his desire to rouse the GOP base,” according to Trump allies.

https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2015/08/05/bill-clinton-encouraged-trump

In 1966, the Harris family began moving around various locations in the MIDWEST, with both parents working at multiple universities in succession over a brief period.[20][21][22] Kamala, along with her mother and sister, moved back to California in 1970.[23][24][21] African-American intellectuals and rights advocates constituted Harris's formative surroundings.[25] Harris's parents divorced when she was seven. When she was twelve, Harris and her sister moved with their mother to Montreal, Quebec.[26][27] Harris graduated from Westmount High School[b] in 1981.[29]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris

"It was while investigating the Little Rock integration incident in 1957 that I first learned of Pike’s rapid advance in Freemasonry, and knowing that Weishaupt, using Thomas Jefferson and Moses Holbrook, had infiltrated Illuminists into the Masonic Lodges of America, I decided I would find out if the fact that Pike’s mansion in Little Rock had thirteen rooms had any significance. “Thirteen’ figures prominently in Satanic, Luciferian and Cabalistic rituals, codes, and writings, etc. My investigations produced documentary evidence to show that, because of Pike’s exceptional mental ability, he came under the notice of professors in Harvard who were members of the Illuminati, who developed in his mind the ‘idea that a One World Government, a One World Religion and a One World financial and economic system was the ONLY solution to the world’s many and varied problems. I next discovered that his departure from Harvard was not due to lack of finances, or because of a misunderstanding with the faculty over tuition fees, but because of his ‘radical’ ideas and teachings. When he returned home determined that he would ‘fight’ his way to the top despite all opposition, he was in a suitable frame of mind to be recruited as a ‘Minerval’ or ‘apprentice’ into the lower degrees of the Illuminati."

Satan Prince of This World by William Guy Carr

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Hw94yTrcRzvZjNQOo8T5_w-jqL8v5IMu/view?usp=sharing

Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport, also known as Adams Field, is a joint civil-military airport on the east side of Little Rock, Arkansas. It is operated by the Little Rock Municipal Airport Commission. 

The largest commercial airport in Arkansas, it served more than 2.1 million passengers in the year spanning from March 2009 through to February 2010.[6] While Clinton National Airport does not have direct international passenger flights, more than 50 flights arrive or depart at Little Rock each day, with nonstop service to 14 cities.[7] The airport is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a small-hub primary commercial service facility.[8]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_National_Airport

"The President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site is located in HOPE, Arkansas.[2] Built in 1917 by Dr. H. S. Garrett, in this house the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton, spent the first four years of his life, having been born on August 19, 1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in HOPE, Arkansas.[3][4] The house was owned by Clinton's maternal grandparents, Edith Grisham and James Eldridge Cassidy, and they cared for him when his mother, Virginia, was away working as an anesthetist in New Orleans.[5]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_William_Jefferson_Clinton_Birthplace_Home_National_Historic_Site

"Tragedy and HOPE: A History of the World in Our Time is a work of history written by former Georgetown University professor and historian Carroll Quigley. The book covers the period of roughly 1880 to 1963 and is multidisciplinary in nature though perhaps focusing on the economic problems brought about by the First World War and the impact these had on subsequent events. While global in scope, the book focuses on Western civilization."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_and_Hope

"In his first year (1965) in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, Bill Clinton took Quigley's course, receiving a 'B' as his final grade in both semesters (an excellent grade in a course where nearly half the students received D or lower).[1]: 94, 96 In 1991, Clinton named Quigley as an important influence on his aspirations and political philosophy, when Clinton launched his presidential campaign in a speech at Georgetown.[1]: 96 He said he learned from Quigley that “The future can be better than the past, and that each of us has a personal, moral responsibility to make it so.” Bill Clinton told his audiences, “that is what the new choice is all about....We are not here to save the Democratic party. We are here to save the United States of America.” It was Clinton's most effective speech, and he repeated variations time and time again as the blueprint for his campaign message in winning the Democratic nomination and the general election for President of the United States in 1992.[21][22]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_Quigley

"Theorists also cite the inclusion of Bill Clinton at the meetings in 1991 before he was president and Tony Blair’s presence in 1993 before he became the British prime minister as examples of the group’s power. Past attendees have included former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger (who will also be attending this year), former Chase Manhattan chief executive David Rockefeller, and British Prime Minister David Cameron." 

Bilderberg Group: What To Know About the Secretive Meetings

https://time.com/4362872/bilderberg-group-meetings-2016-conspiracy-theories/

"Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner October 20, 2016 Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Henry Kissinger Gayle King Cardinal Dolan Katie Couric Chuck Schumer Mayor Bill de Blasio"

https://www.facebook.com/MariaBartiromo/posts/alfred-e-smith-memorial-foundation-dinner-october-20-2016-donald-trump-hillary-c/1353937201283479/

"HOPE: all hope is to be placed in God, and with what degree of perfection [67]; eternal life alone is to be hoped for as a reward [82]; the extent to which this hope should be of assistance [288]; how hope should be shown by the dying | 595]; hope in the preservation and growth of the Society [812]. See also Faithfulness" The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms pg. 464 

https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf 

Bill Clinton ‘Encouraged’ Trump to Run

SLICK WILLY

Updated Apr. 14, 2017 10:12AM EDT / 

Published Aug. 05, 2015 3:33PM EDT 

Bill Clinton called Donald Trump this spring and “encouraged Trump’s efforts to play a larger role in the Republican Party,” The Washington Post reported Wednesday, citing five people familiar with the exchange. Clinton’s personal office confirmed the call occurred. Trump aides claim their boss was “candid about his political ambitions and his potential interest in seeking the White House during the talk....” Clinton “analyzed Trump’s prospects and his desire to rouse the GOP base,” according to Trump allies.

https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2015/08/05/bill-clinton-encouraged-trump

Trump and Harris neck-and-neck as she prepares to announce VP pick after meeting candidates Sunday: Live

Harris met with top running mate contenders Minnesota Governor Tim Walz, Arizona Senator Mark Kelly and Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro at her Washington DC residence

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kamala-harris-vp-pick-trump-polls-news-b2591106.html

Kamala Devi Harris[a] was born in Oakland, California,[15] on October 20, 1964.[16] Her mother, Shyamala Gopalan was a biologist who moved to the United States from India as a 19-year-old graduate student in 1958, and whose work on the progesterone receptor gene stimulated advances in breast cancer research.[17] Kamala Harris's father, DONALD J. Harris,[18] is a Stanford University professor of economics (emeritus) who arrived in the United States from Jamaica in 1961.[19]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris 

DONALD JOHN Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump

Just before the War of 1812, the British clandestinely organized several Scottish Rite Lodges in the northeast with headquarters at Boston. After the War they were discovered by Charleston, and following some negotiations, were permitted to operate under the English Masonic obedience (obedience meaning "constitution"). The Boston headquarters became known as the Northern Jurisdiction of Scottish Rite Freemasonry and has since been nicknamed the "Eastern Establishment." The Charleston headquarters became known as the Southern Jurisdiction of Scottish Rite Freemasonry. As stated earlier, the Southern Jurisdiction followed the French Masonic obedience. 

The Southern Jurisdiction Supreme Council operates its "Grand East" or spiritual headquarters from Charleston. In 1870 it moved its "Secretariat" (political office) to Washington, D.C.68 An indication of Masonry's influence is the fact that of the two parades permitted to march down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., one is the Inaugural Parade and the other the Shriner's Parade. 

Shriners are sometimes referred to as thirty-second and a half degree Masons. The Shriners operate children's hospitals. (See Appendix 7 for their history). 

All Masons in America must travel through the first three "Blue Lodge" degrees before choosing York or Scottish Rites, both of which are Templar Rites. The 13th degree York Mason and 32 degree Scottish Mason unite in the Shrine. (See Appendix 2, Fig. 3.) 

We can make some general observations regarding the Northern and Southern Jurisdictions of American Freemasonry. The Northern Jurisdiction, which we can identify in American politics with the Eastern Establishment, is right-wing or moderate. It is the headquarters of America's aristocracy and is primarily Republican. The Southern Jurisdiction is left-wing or liberal, more or less comprised of the working middle class and common laborer, and usually Democrat. There are crossovers in both Jurisdictions, and when voters in America take sides on issues, we are caught up in this Masonic struggle of conservative versus liberal, right-wing versus left-wing, big business versus labor, free enterprise versus socialism, etc.

Scarlet and the Beast

by John Daniel 

https://ia803001.us.archive.org/28/items/ScarletAndTheBeastJohnDaniel1995/Scarlet%20and%20the%20Beast,%20John%20Daniel%20(1995).pdf

nWo HBK kicks out Booker T

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjSAMEFnI_E

Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas.[2] He is the son of William Jefferson Blythe Jr., a traveling salesman who died in an automobile accident three months before his birth, and Virginia Dell Cassidy (later Virginia Kelley).[3] Blythe had initially survived the crash, but drowned in a drainage ditch. His parents had married on September 4, 1943, but this union later proved to be bigamous, as Blythe was still married to his fourth wife.[4] Virginia traveled to New Orleans to study nursing soon after Bill was born, leaving him in Hope with her parents Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, who owned and ran a small grocery store.[5] At a time when the southern United States was racially segregated, Clinton's grandparents sold goods on credit to people of all races.[5][6][7][8][9] In 1950, Bill's mother returned from nursing school and married Roger Clinton Sr., who co-owned an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, Arkansas, with his brother and Earl T. Ricks.[5] The family moved to Hot Springs in 1950.[10]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton

Camp Loman is a minor antagonist in Stephen King's 1986 film Maximum Overdrive. He is a middle-aged bible salesman.

He was portrayed by Christopher Murney.  

Biography

Loman is first seen in the scene where he is riding with Brett Graham, who later becomes the love interest for the protagonist Bill Robinson. While at the car, Loman keeps annoying Brett by touching her legs and upper thighs while listening to an emergency announcement that calls humans to get off the highways.

Brett immediately steers the car to the Dixie Boy truck stop, and Loman argues against her purpose to exit the highway. With the argument going on, the truck starts to move and attempts to hit the two, who ran to the truck stop building. Sometime later, Loman contacts with Wanda June and a trucker to sell a copy of the Bible. As he explains the benefits of the Bible, a truck hits and dumps junk to the car Loman rode earlier in the film, making him angry. He tries to stop the "driver" of that truck outside, with Bill and others asking Loman to return inside.

Loman continues to express anger to the truck, but the Green Goblin truck reverses towards Loman, hitting him out of his shoes down to a ditch. Loman lies unconscious in the ditch.

One night, the human survivors hear Loman calling for help from the ditch. Bill and another survivor, Curtis, are dispatched to the ditch via a sewer passage. Deke Keller, a young traveling survivor, went to the same ditch Loman ends up and encounters his body. Deke waves his hand and checks Loman's breathing, but doesn't immediately receive a response from him.  

When Deke tries to leave, Loman wakes up and grabs Deke's leg. Loman demands that Deke pull him out of the ditch, or else he'll kill him. He then dies of his injuries, his hand remaining locked around Deke's leg.

Bill and Curtis discover Deke calling for help from the dead Loman's grasp. As they release Deke, one of the trucks detects the humans and steers toward them to the ditch. The surviving humans quickly escape to the sewer from this truck, which runs over Loman's body.

https://villains.fandom.com/wiki/Camp_Loman

Maximum Overdrive (1986)

Marla Maples: 2nd Woman

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091499/characters/nm0005185

Marla Ann Maples (born October 27, 1963)[1] is an American actress, television personality, model, singer and presenter. She was the second wife of former U.S. president Donald Trump. They married in 1993, two months after the birth of their daughter Tiffany, and divorced in 1999.[2][3]

Early life

Maples was born on October 27, 1963, in Cohutta, Georgia. Her mother, Ann Locklear Maples, was a homemaker and model, and her father, Stanley Edward Maples, a real estate developer, county commissioner, singer, and songwriter.[4][5] She has one half-sister from her father's previous marriage.[6]

Maples attended Northwest Whitfield High School in Tunnel Hill, Georgia, where she played basketball, served as class secretary and was crowned the 1980–1981 homecoming queen during her senior year (she returned for the 1991 homecoming to crown the school's new queen).[7]

After graduating from high school in 1981, Maples competed in beauty contests and pageants. In 1983, she won the Miss Resaca Beach Poster Girl Contest, in 1984 she was the runner-up to Miss Georgia USA, and in 1985 she won the Miss Hawaiian Tropic.[8][9]

She entered the University of Georgia in 1981 but left college before graduating.[4]

Career

Film, television, and theater

In 1991, Maples appeared as a celebrity guest at WWF WrestleMania VII, serving as special guest timekeeper in the main event match between Hulk Hogan and defending WWF Champion Sgt. Slaughter. In that year, Maples also made a special appearance in the hit television series Designing Women as herself. In August 1992, Maples joined the cast of the Tony Award winning Broadway musical The Will Rogers Follies as "Ziegfeld's Favorite", a role originated by Cady Huffman when the show opened in May 1991.[10][11]

In 1994, Maples appeared alongside then-husband Donald Trump in a cameo appearance in an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air[12] and the television series Something Wilder in 1994.

Maples co-hosted the 1996 and 1997 Miss Universe Pageant and the 1997 Miss USA Pageant, both of which were owned by her then-husband.[13]

Maples appeared in the films Maximum Overdrive (1986), Executive Decision (1996), For Richer or Poorer (1997), Happiness (1998), Richie Rich's Christmas Wish (1998), Black and White (1999), Two of Hearts (1999), Loving Annabelle (2006), A Christmas Too Many (2007), and A Nanny for Christmas (2010).[citation needed]

In 2011, she returned to New York for Love, Loss and What I Wore, an off-Broadway production.[14] In 2013, Maples was featured on Oprah: Where Are They Now?[15]

Since then, she appeared in Switching Lanes, directed by Thomas Mikal Ford.[16][17]

On March 8, 2016, Maples was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 22 of Dancing with the Stars alongside her Switching Lanes co-star, Kim Fields.[18] She was partnered with professional dancer Tony Dovolani.[19] Maples and Dovolani were eliminated on Week 4 of competition and finished in 10th place. Maples also joined the women of ABC's morning talk show, The View, as a guest co-host on March 11, 2016.[20]

Maples is a keynote speaker with the London Speakers Bureau, focusing on inspiring women, wellness, spirituality, and motivation.[21]

Maples was featured in the Summer of Peace Summit 2018 with the opportunity to discuss topics of peace and finding common ground.[22]

Maples spoke at the 2018 Global Summit on Science, Spirituality, and Environment in India; the event brought together speakers from around the world to discuss the integration of science and spirituality, as well as self-transformation and world-transformation.[23]

Maples was a guest speaker on the Journeys of Faith podcast with Paula Faris in 2018.[24]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marla_Maples

Bill Clinton ‘Encouraged’ Trump to Run

SLICK WILLY

Updated Apr. 14, 2017 10:12AM EDT / 

Published Aug. 05, 2015 3:33PM EDT 

Bill Clinton called Donald Trump this spring and “encouraged Trump’s efforts to play a larger role in the Republican Party,” The Washington Post reported Wednesday, citing five people familiar with the exchange. Clinton’s personal office confirmed the call occurred. Trump aides claim their boss was “candid about his political ambitions and his potential interest in seeking the White House during the talk....” Clinton “analyzed Trump’s prospects and his desire to rouse the GOP base,” according to Trump allies.

https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2015/08/05/bill-clinton-encouraged-trump

In 1966, the Harris family began moving around various locations in the MIDWEST, with both parents working at multiple universities in succession over a brief period.[20][21][22] Kamala, along with her mother and sister, moved back to California in 1970.[23][24][21] African-American intellectuals and rights advocates constituted Harris's formative surroundings.[25] Harris's parents divorced when she was seven. When she was twelve, Harris and her sister moved with their mother to Montreal, Quebec.[26][27] Harris graduated from Westmount High School[b] in 1981.[29]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris

"It was while investigating the Little Rock integration incident in 1957 that I first learned of Pike’s rapid advance in Freemasonry, and knowing that Weishaupt, using Thomas Jefferson and Moses Holbrook, had infiltrated Illuminists into the Masonic Lodges of America, I decided I would find out if the fact that Pike’s mansion in Little Rock had thirteen rooms had any significance. “Thirteen’ figures prominently in Satanic, Luciferian and Cabalistic rituals, codes, and writings, etc. My investigations produced documentary evidence to show that, because of Pike’s exceptional mental ability, he came under the notice of professors in Harvard who were members of the Illuminati, who developed in his mind the ‘idea that a One World Government, a One World Religion and a One World financial and economic system was the ONLY solution to the world’s many and varied problems. I next discovered that his departure from Harvard was not due to lack of finances, or because of a misunderstanding with the faculty over tuition fees, but because of his ‘radical’ ideas and teachings. When he returned home determined that he would ‘fight’ his way to the top despite all opposition, he was in a suitable frame of mind to be recruited as a ‘Minerval’ or ‘apprentice’ into the lower degrees of the Illuminati."

Satan Prince of This World by William Guy Carr

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Hw94yTrcRzvZjNQOo8T5_w-jqL8v5IMu/view?usp=sharing

Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport, also known as Adams Field, is a joint civil-military airport on the east side of Little Rock, Arkansas. It is operated by the Little Rock Municipal Airport Commission. 

The largest commercial airport in Arkansas, it served more than 2.1 million passengers in the year spanning from March 2009 through to February 2010.[6] While Clinton National Airport does not have direct international passenger flights, more than 50 flights arrive or depart at Little Rock each day, with nonstop service to 14 cities.[7] The airport is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a small-hub primary commercial service facility.[8]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_National_Airport

"The President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site is located in HOPE, Arkansas.[2] Built in 1917 by Dr. H. S. Garrett, in this house the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton, spent the first four years of his life, having been born on August 19, 1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in HOPE, Arkansas.[3][4] The house was owned by Clinton's maternal grandparents, Edith Grisham and James Eldridge Cassidy, and they cared for him when his mother, Virginia, was away working as an anesthetist in New Orleans.[5]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_William_Jefferson_Clinton_Birthplace_Home_National_Historic_Site

"Tragedy and HOPE: A History of the World in Our Time is a work of history written by former Georgetown University professor and historian Carroll Quigley. The book covers the period of roughly 1880 to 1963 and is multidisciplinary in nature though perhaps focusing on the economic problems brought about by the First World War and the impact these had on subsequent events. While global in scope, the book focuses on Western civilization."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_and_Hope

"In his first year (1965) in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, Bill Clinton took Quigley's course, receiving a 'B' as his final grade in both semesters (an excellent grade in a course where nearly half the students received D or lower).[1]: 94, 96 In 1991, Clinton named Quigley as an important influence on his aspirations and political philosophy, when Clinton launched his presidential campaign in a speech at Georgetown.[1]: 96 He said he learned from Quigley that “The future can be better than the past, and that each of us has a personal, moral responsibility to make it so.” Bill Clinton told his audiences, “that is what the new choice is all about....We are not here to save the Democratic party. We are here to save the United States of America.” It was Clinton's most effective speech, and he repeated variations time and time again as the blueprint for his campaign message in winning the Democratic nomination and the general election for President of the United States in 1992.[21][22]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_Quigley

"Theorists also cite the inclusion of Bill Clinton at the meetings in 1991 before he was president and Tony Blair’s presence in 1993 before he became the British prime minister as examples of the group’s power. Past attendees have included former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger (who will also be attending this year), former Chase Manhattan chief executive David Rockefeller, and British Prime Minister David Cameron." 

Bilderberg Group: What To Know About the Secretive Meetings

https://time.com/4362872/bilderberg-group-meetings-2016-conspiracy-theories/

"Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner October 20, 2016 Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Henry Kissinger Gayle King Cardinal Dolan Katie Couric Chuck Schumer Mayor Bill de Blasio"

https://www.facebook.com/MariaBartiromo/posts/alfred-e-smith-memorial-foundation-dinner-october-20-2016-donald-trump-hillary-c/1353937201283479/

"HOPE: all hope is to be placed in God, and with what degree of perfection [67]; eternal life alone is to be hoped for as a reward [82]; the extent to which this hope should be of assistance [288]; how hope should be shown by the dying | 595]; hope in the preservation and growth of the Society [812]. See also Faithfulness" The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus and Their Complimentary Norms pg. 464 

https://jesuitas.lat/uploads/the-constitutions-of-the-society-of-jesus-and-their-complementary-norms/Constitutions%20and%20Norms%20SJ%20ingls.pdf 

Bill Clinton ‘Encouraged’ Trump to Run

SLICK WILLY

Updated Apr. 14, 2017 10:12AM EDT / 

Published Aug. 05, 2015 3:33PM EDT 

https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2015/08/05/bill-clinton-encouraged-trump

Trump and Harris neck-and-neck as she prepares to announce VP pick after meeting candidates Sunday: Live

Harris met with top running mate contenders Minnesota Governor Tim Walz, Arizona Senator Mark Kelly and Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro at her Washington DC residence

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kamala-harris-vp-pick-trump-polls-news-b2591106.html

Kamala Devi Harris[a] was born in Oakland, California,[15] on October 20, 1964.[16] Her mother, Shyamala Gopalan was a biologist who moved to the United States from India as a 19-year-old graduate student in 1958, and whose work on the progesterone receptor gene stimulated advances in breast cancer research.[17] Kamala Harris's father, DONALD J. Harris,[18] is a Stanford University professor of economics (emeritus) who arrived in the United States from Jamaica in 1961.[19]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris 

DONALD JOHN Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump

Just before the War of 1812, the British clandestinely organized several Scottish Rite Lodges in the northeast with headquarters at Boston. After the War they were discovered by Charleston, and following some negotiations, were permitted to operate under the English Masonic obedience (obedience meaning "constitution"). The Boston headquarters became known as the Northern Jurisdiction of Scottish Rite Freemasonry and has since been nicknamed the "Eastern Establishment." The Charleston headquarters became known as the Southern Jurisdiction of Scottish Rite Freemasonry. As stated earlier, the Southern Jurisdiction followed the French Masonic obedience. 

The Southern Jurisdiction Supreme Council operates its "Grand East" or spiritual headquarters from Charleston. In 1870 it moved its "Secretariat" (political office) to Washington, D.C.68 An indication of Masonry's influence is the fact that of the two parades permitted to march down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., one is the Inaugural Parade and the other the Shriner's Parade. 

Shriners are sometimes referred to as thirty-second and a half degree Masons. The Shriners operate children's hospitals. (See Appendix 7 for their history). 

All Masons in America must travel through the first three "Blue Lodge" degrees before choosing York or Scottish Rites, both of which are Templar Rites. The 13th degree York Mason and 32 degree Scottish Mason unite in the Shrine. (See Appendix 2, Fig. 3.) 

We can make some general observations regarding the Northern and Southern Jurisdictions of American Freemasonry. The Northern Jurisdiction, which we can identify in American politics with the Eastern Establishment, is right-wing or moderate. It is the headquarters of America's aristocracy and is primarily Republican. The Southern Jurisdiction is left-wing or liberal, more or less comprised of the working middle class and common laborer, and usually Democrat. There are crossovers in both Jurisdictions, and when voters in America take sides on issues, we are caught up in this Masonic struggle of conservative versus liberal, right-wing versus left-wing, big business versus labor, free enterprise versus socialism, etc.

Scarlet and the Beast

by John Daniel 

https://ia803001.us.archive.org/28/items/ScarletAndTheBeastJohnDaniel1995/Scarlet%20and%20the%20Beast,%20John%20Daniel%20(1995).pdf 

April 30th, 2022

76. Acts 1:26—Lottery or Election?

In Acts 1 did they choose a new apostle by casting lots or by voting for a candidate?

The vast majority of commentaries and translations suggest that the Jerusalem congregation chose a successor for Judas by some form of casting or drawing lots. The NIV says: Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles. The Greek text, however, says: καὶ ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς καί ἔπεσεν ὁ κλήπος ἐπὶ Μαθθίαν καὶ συγκατεψηφίσθη μετὰ τῶν ἕνδεκα ἀποστόλων. “And they gave lots to/for them, and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was counted in with the eleven apostles.” The question is whether “giving lots for someone” refers to casting lots or to casting a vote.

Casting Lots

The most common Greek expression for casting lots (βάλλω κλήρους) does not occur in Acts 1:26. The expression βάλλω κλήρους is found in the references to casting lots for Jesus’ clothing in the New Testament (Mt 27:35, Mk 15:24, Lk 23:34, John 19:24) and in the Greek of Psalm 22:19 (21:19 in the Greek Septuagint). This term is also used for casting lots for the allotment of land and offices in the Old Testament. Other verbs for the action of casting lots are ἐμβάλλω κλῆρον (ἐνέβαλεν αὐτοῖς Ἰησοῦς κλήρον, “Joshua cast in a lot for them” Josh 18:10); or ἐκφέρω κλῆρον (ἐξοίσω ὑμῖν κλῆρον, “I will bring out a lot for you” Josh 18:6); or λαγχάνω (λάχωμεν περὶ αὐτους, “let us appoint or cast lots for them” John 19:24var) or κληρόω (κληροῦται Ἰωναθᾶν καὶ Σαοῦλ, “Jonathan and Saul were chosen by lot” 1 Sam 14:41). The noun κλῆρος may refer either to the lot itself, to the casting of lots, to the allotment or office that was assigned by the lot, or simply to any assigned portion. The last meaning is the most common in the New Testament. Ironically Judas is said to have received the allotment of his ministry “by lot” (ἔλαχεν τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης Acts 1:17). Surely there was no casting of lots involved in this case. The NIV simply translates “he shared in this ministry.” The Hebrew verbs for casting lots are ידה/ידד cast, נפל let fall, and שׁלך throw. Other verbs which indicate that the lots were sometimes shaken out of a container are טול cast out, עלה go up, and יצא come out). The method used by the Jews was to place stones with the participants’ names on them into a vessel and to shake it until one lot came out. The Hebrew noun for lot is גוֹרָל. Like κλῆρος it can refer to the lot itself or to the portion assigned by the lot.

Giving a Lot To/For Someone

Thus we see that none of the common idioms for the act of casting lots occurs in Acts 1:26. If the phrase ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς refers to the process of casting lots at all, it probably refers to assigning a certain lot or token to a person (analogous to assigning “heads” to one person and “tails” to the other) rather than to the actual casting of the lot (flipping the coin). The lots assigned to the individuals entered in the lottery could be objects with their name on, objects of different color, or objects with some other differentiating mark or shape. However, the Greek verb for this process in a parallel passage of Scripture is not δίδωμι (“give a lot”) but ἐπιτίθημι (“place a lot upon”). In Leviticus 16:8 ἐπιτίθημι κλῆρον ἐπὶ is the idiom used when lots are assigned to the two goats in the lottery for choosing the scapegoat. The Hebrew has וְנָתַ֧ן אַהֲרֹ֛ן עַל־שְׁנֵ֥י הַשְּׂעִירִ֖ם גּוֹרָל֑וֹת “Aaron gave upon the two goats lots,” almost an exact agreement with Acts 1:26. In Joshua 17:14 “to give a lot to someone” means “to give an allotment, a portion, to him” מַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ why have you given to me as an inheritance [only] one lot. In passages other than Acts 1:26, when δίδωμι is combined with κλῆρος in the idiom “to give a lot to someone,” the meaning is not “to cast lots,” nor does it mean “assign a lot to.” In Numbers 16:14 “to give a lot to someone” (ἔδωκας ἡμῖν κλῆρον) means to “assign an allotment to someone.” A similar expression occurs in Joshua 14:3 (τοῖς Λευίταις οὐκ ἔδωκεν κλῆρον “to the Levites he did not give an allotment”). Thus the most natural translation of ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς in Acts 1:26 would be “they gave allotments to them,” but this does not fit the context. The translation “they assigned lots to them” is supported by a literal translation from the Hebrew of Leviticus 16:8.

Giving To Someone By Lot

The Greek idiom for determining an assignment by casting lots is not “to give a lot to someone” but “to give something to someone by lot” (ὑμῖν γὰρ δέδωκα τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν ἐν κλήρῳ, “for to you I have given their land by lot” Nu 33:53). Alternate expressions for this are κατακληρονομέω τὴν γῆν ἐν κλήρῳ or μετὰ κλήρου “to assign an allotment by lot or with a lot” Nu 33:54, Nu 34:13, and κληρονομέω κατὰ κλῆρον “to assign an allotment according to lot” Josh 12:7. The term for the falling of a lot for someone is “the lot came out” (ἐξῆλθεν ὁ κλῆρος Josh 18:11) or “the lot fell upon” (ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆρος ἐπι Ἰῶναν Jonah 1:7). Note that this last term is parallel to Acts 1:26.

Voting

The rare verb συγκαταψηφίζομαι seems to mean “to join in a vote.” καταψηφίζομαι originally referred primarily to negative votes but came to apply to any vote. Here in Acts 1:26 the passive seems to mean “to be voted in with.” In the New Testament other terms for voting or choosing someone are χειροτονέω originally “vote by a show of hands” (2 Cor 8:19) and καταφέρω ψῆφον, “cast a ballot against” (Acts 26:10). In classical usage a selection by ψῆφος indicated a choice made by a vote rather than by a lottery, but this meaning may not always be present in later usage.

Conclusion

Almost alone, the GWN translates Acts 1:26, “They provided lots for both of them, and the lot fell to Matthias; and he was chosen by vote to be added to the eleven apostles.” The possibility that this verse could refer to a vote is supported by the Anchor Bible: Acts (p 10) and by Jackson and Lake (The Acts, IV, 15). Can this rendering be justified by the evidence we have examined? In favor of the view that this verse refers to election by ballot is the fact that ἔδωκαν κλήρους αὐτοῖς is not one of the regular terms for casting lots and the verb συγκαταψηφίζομαι seems to refer to voting. If this is the case, the κλήρους referred to would be the balloting counters given to the voters to deposit in the “ballot box.” “The lot fell upon Matthias” would mean that he got the most votes and so the office was allotted to him. Also supporting this view is the variant which replaces αὐτοῖς with αὐτῶν, found in the Textus Receptus, D*, E, Y, and most minuscules. This could be translated “they gave their lots” and would refer to the voters' placing their tokens into the container. Favoring the interpretation that the reference is to drawing lots rather than giving ballots is the fact that ἔπεσεν ὁ κλῆπος ἐπὶ elsewhere refers to the falling of a lot. It seems that the linguistic evidence is inconclusive, perhaps slightly favoring a vote. The common precedent of casting lots in Israel probably tips the balance toward the theory that Acts 1:26 refers to the casting of lots rather than the casting of ballots. But the evidence for a lottery in Acts 1:26 is much less decisive than the near unanimous verdict of the commentaries and translations would suggest.

Lottery or election? Whichever method was used was sure to produce a suitable successor to Judas since only candidates with all the necessary qualifications had been nominated for the office.

https://wartburgproject.org/faqs/2022/04/acts-126-lottery-or-election

What was the practice of casting lots?

The practice of casting lots is mentioned seventy times in the Old Testament and seven times in the New Testament. In spite of the many references to casting lots in the Old Testament, nothing is known about the actual lots themselves. They could have been sticks of various lengths, flat stones like coins, or some kind of dice; but their exact nature is unknown. The closest modern practice to casting lots is likely flipping a coin.

The practice of casting lots occurs most often in connection with the division of the land under Joshua (Joshua chapters 14-21), a procedure that God instructed the Israelites on several times in the book of Numbers (Numbers 26:55; 33:54; 34:13; 36:2). God allowed the Israelites to cast lots in order to determine His will for a given situation (Joshua 18:6-10; 1 Chronicles 24:5,31). Various offices and functions in the temple were also determined by lot (1 Chronicles 24:5, 31; 25:8-9; 26:13-14). The sailors on Jonah’s ship (Jonah 1:7) also cast lots to determine who had brought God’s wrath upon their ship. The eleven apostles cast lots to determine who would replace Judas (Acts 1:26). Casting lots eventually became a game people played and made wagers on. This is seen in the Roman soldiers casting lots for Jesus’ garments (Matthew 27:35).

The New Testament nowhere instructs Christians to use a method similar to casting lots to help with decision-making. Now that we have the completed Word of God, as well as the indwelling Holy Spirit to guide us, there is no reason to be using games of chance to make decisions. The Word, the Spirit, and prayer are sufficient for discerning God’s will today—not casting lots, rolling dice, or flipping a coin.

https://www.gotquestions.org/casting-lots.html

Acts 1

1599 Geneva Bible

The Acts of the Holy Apostles, Written by Luke the Evangelist

1 1 Luke tieth this history to his Gospel. 9 Christ being taken into heaven. 10 The Apostles,  11 being warned by the Angels,  12 to return, 14 and give themselves to prayer. 15 By Peter’s motion, 18 into Judas the traitor’s place. 26 Matthias is chosen.

1 I have made the [a]former treatise, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began to [b]do and teach,

2 Until the day that he was taken up, after that he through the holy Ghost, had given commandments unto the Apostles, whom he had chosen:

3 [c]To whom also he presented himself alive after that he had suffered, by many [d]infallible tokens, being seen of them by the space of forty days, and speaking of those things which appertained to the kingdom of God.

4 And when he had [e]gathered them together, he commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which said he, ye have heard of me.

5 For John indeed baptized with water, but ye shall be baptized [f]with the holy Ghost within these few days.

6 [g]When they therefore were come together they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time [h]restore the kingdom to Israel?

7 And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times, or the [i]seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power.

8 But ye shall receive power of the holy Ghost, when he shall come on you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.

9 [j]And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up: for a cloud took him up out of their sight.

10 And while they looked steadfastly toward heaven, as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel.

11 Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing into heaven? This Jesus which is taken up [k]from you into heaven, shall so come, as ye have seen him go into heaven.

12 ¶ Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount that is called the mount of Olives, which is near to Jerusalem, being from it a Sabbath [l]day’s journey.

13 [m]And when they were [n]come in, they went up into an upper chamber, where abode both Peter and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon Zealot, and Judas James’s brother.

14 These all [o]continued with [p]one accord in [q]prayer and supplication with the [r]women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his [s]brethren.

15 [t]And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and said (now the number of [u]names that were in one place were about an hundred and twenty.)

16 [v]Ye men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled, Which the holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before of Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus.

17 For he was numbered with us, and had obtained fellowship in this ministration.

18 He therefore hath [w]purchased a field with the reward of iniquity: and when he had [x]thrown down himself headlong, he brast asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out.

19 And it is known unto all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, insomuch, that that field is called in their own language, Akel Dama, that is, The field of blood.

20 For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be void, and let no man dwell therein: also, Let another take his [y]charge.

21 [z]Wherefore of these men which have companied with us, all the time that the Lord Jesus was [aa]conversant among us,

22 Beginning from the baptism of John unto the day that he was taken up [ab]from us, must one of them be made a witness with us of his resurrection.

23 [ac]And they [ad]presented two, Joseph called Barsabas, whose surname was Justus, and Matthias.

24 And they prayed, saying, Thou Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, show whether of these two thou hast chosen,

25 That he may take the [ae]room of this ministration and Apostleship, from which Judas hath [af]gone astray, to go to his own place.

26 Then they gave forth their lots: and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was by a common consent counted with the eleven Apostles.

Footnotes

Acts 1:1 A passing over from the history of the Gospel, that is, from the history of the sayings and doings of Christ, unto the acts of the Apostles.

Acts 1:1 The acts of Jesus are the miracles and doings which showed his Godhead, and his most perfect holiness and example of his doctrine.

Acts 1:3 Christ did not straightway ascend into heaven after his resurrection: because he would thoroughly prove his resurrection: and with his presence confirm his Apostles in the doctrine, which they had heard.

Acts 1:3 He calleth those infallible tokens, which are otherwise [termed] necessary: now in that Christ spake, and walked, and ate, and was felt of many, these are sure signs and tokens that he truly rose again.

Acts 1:4 They were dispersed here and there, but he gathereth them together that they might altogether be witnesses of his resurrection.

Acts 1:5 Either of the Father, or of me: so that either the Father or Christ is set here against John, as the holy Ghost is against the water, as things answerable the one to the other.

Acts 1:6 We must fight before we triumph: and we ought not curiously to search after those things, which God hath not revealed.

Acts 1:6 To the old and ancient state.

Acts 1:7 That is, the fit occasions that serve to doing of matters which the Lord hath appointed to bring things to pass in.

Acts 1:9 After that Christ had promised the full virtue of the holy Ghost, wherewith he would govern his Church, although he should be absent in body, he took up his body from us into heavenly tabernacles, there to continue until the latter day of judgment, as the Angels witness.

Acts 1:11 That is, out of your sight.

Acts 1:12 About two miles.

Acts 1:13 Ecclesiastical assemblies to hear the word, and to make common prayer, were first instituted and kept in private houses by the Apostles.

Acts 1:13 They went into the house, which the Church hath chosen at that time to be a receipt for the whole assembly.

Acts 1:14 The Greek word signified an invincible constancy, and steadiness.

Acts 1:14 It is to good purpose, that this concord is mentioned: for those prayers are most acceptable to God which are made with agreeing minds and wills.

Acts 1:14 The disciples prayed for the sending of the holy Ghost, and also to be delivered from present dangers wherewith they were beset.

Acts 1:14 For it was behoovable to have the wives confirmed, who were afterward to be partakers of the dangers with their husbands.

Acts 1:14 With his kinfolks.

Acts 1:15 Peter is made the mouth and interpreter of the whole company of the Apostles, either by secret revelation of the holy Ghost, or by express judgment of the Congregation.

Acts 1:15 Because men are commonly billed and enrolled by their names.

Acts 1:16 Peter preventeth the offense that might be taken of the falling away of Judas the betrayer, showing that all things which came unto him, were foretold by God.

Acts 1:18 Luke considered not Judas’s purpose, but that that followed of it, and so we used to say, that a man hath procured himself harm, not that his will and purpose was so, but in respect of that which followed.

Acts 1:18 The Greek words signify thus much, that Judas fell down flat and was rent in sunder in the middle, with a marvelous huge noise.

Acts 1:20 His office and ministry David wrote these words against Doeg the King’s herdsman: And these words, Shepherd, Sheep, and Flock, are put over to the Church office and ministry, so that the Church and the offices thereof are called by these names.

Acts 1:21 The Apostles deliberate upon nothing, but first they consult and take advisement by God’s word: and again they do nothing that concerneth and is behoovable for the whole body of the Congregation, without making the Congregation privy unto it.

Acts 1:21 Word for word, went in and out, which kind of speech betokeneth as much in the Hebrew tongue, as the exercising of a public and painful office, when they speak of such as are in any public office, Deut. 31:2; 1 Chron. 27:1.

Acts 1:22 From our company.

Acts 1:23 Apostles must be chosen immediately from God, and therefore after prayers, Matthias is chosen by lot, which is as it were GOD’S own voice.

Acts 1:23 Openly, and by the voices of all the whole company.

Acts 1:25 That he may be fellow and partaker of this ministry.

Acts 1:25 Departed from, or fallen from: And it is a Metaphor taken from the way: For callings are signified by the name of ways, with the Hebrews.

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%201&version=GNV